-ösködik

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Hungarian

Etymology

From -ös (adjective-forming suffix) +‎ -ködik (verb-forming suffix).[1]

Pronunciation

Suffix

-ösködik

  1. (verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun or an adjective to create an intransitive verb to express that someone behaves or acts like the base word. The verbs often have a pejorative meaning.

Usage notes

  • (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
    -skodik is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
    ‎katona (“soldier”) + ‎-skodik → ‎katonáskodik (“to soldier, to serve in the army as a soldier”)
    -skedik is added to unrounded front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.
    ‎hülye (“idiot”) + ‎-skedik → ‎hülyéskedik (“to act foolishly”)
    -sködik is added to rounded front-vowel words
    -askodik is added to some back-vowel words
    ‎hatalom (“power”) + ‎-askodik → ‎hatalmaskodik (“to domineer”)
    -oskodik is added to some back-vowel words
    ‎rab (“captive”) + ‎-oskodik → ‎raboskodik (“to live in captivity”)
    -ösködik is added to some rounded front-vowel words
    ‎főnök (“boss”) + ‎-ösködik → ‎főnökösködik (“to be bossy, to behave like a boss; to work as a boss”)

Conjugation

conjugation of -ösködik
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal


Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. -oskodok -oskodsz -ösködik -oskodunk -oskodtok -oskodnak
Def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indef. -oskodtam -oskodtál -oskodott -oskodtunk -oskodtatok -oskodtak
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Future Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. -oskodni fog.
Archaic
Preterit 		Indef. -oskodék -oskodál -oskoda -oskodánk -oskodátok -oskodának
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. -ösködik vala, -oskodott vala/volt.
Archaic
Future 		Indef. -oskodandok -oskodandasz -oskodand -oskodandunk -oskodandotok -oskodandanak
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. -oskodnék -oskodnál -oskodna -oskodnánk -oskodnátok -oskodnának
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -oskodott volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. -oskodjak -oskodj or
-oskodjál 		-oskodjon -oskodjunk -oskodjatok -oskodjanak
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -oskodott légyen
Infinitive -oskodni -oskodnom -oskodnod -oskodnia -oskodnunk -oskodnotok -oskodniuk
Other
forms 		Verbal noun Present part. Past part. Future part. Adverbial participle Causative
-oskodás -oskodó -oskodott ― -oskodva (-oskodván)
potential conjugation of -ösködik
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. -oskodhatok -oskodhatsz -oskodhat -oskodhatunk -oskodhattok -oskodhatnak
Def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indef. -oskodhattam -oskodhattál -oskodhatott -oskodhattunk -oskodhattatok -oskodhattak
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Archaic
Preterit 		Indef. -oskodhaték -oskodhatál -oskodhata -oskodhatánk -oskodhatátok -oskodhatának
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. -oskodhat vala, -oskodhatott vala/volt.
Archaic
Future 		Indef. -oskodhatandok
or -oskodandhatok 		-oskodhatandasz
or -oskodandhatsz 		-oskodhatand
or -oskodandhat 		-oskodhatandunk
or -oskodandhatunk 		-oskodhatandotok
or -oskodandhattok 		-oskodhatandanak
or -oskodandhatnak
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. -oskodhatnék -oskodhatnál -oskodhatna -oskodhatnánk -oskodhatnátok -oskodhatnának
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -oskodhatott volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. -oskodhassak -oskodhass or
-oskodhassál 		-oskodhasson -oskodhassunk -oskodhassatok -oskodhassanak
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -oskodhatott légyen
Inf. (-oskodhatni) (-oskodhatnom) (-oskodhatnod) (-oskodhatnia) (-oskodhatnunk) (-oskodhatnotok) (-oskodhatniuk)
Positive adjective ― Neg. adj. ― Adv. part. (-oskodhatva / -oskodhatván)

Derived terms

Hungarian verbs suffixed with -ösködik

See also

References

  1. ^ -ösködik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)
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