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-으키어. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
-으키어, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
-으키어 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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Jeju
Etymology
From -읔- (-euk-, “general speculative future suffix”) + -이어 (-ieo, “uncertain suffix, perhaps a conjugation of the copula -이다 (-ida)”).
Pronunciation
| Romanizations |
|---|
| Revised Romanization? | -eukieo |
|---|
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | eukieo |
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| Yale Romanization? | ukhie |
|---|
Suffix
-으키어 (-eukieo)
- An assertive or speculative suffix for sentence-final verbs in the "plain style" ᄒᆞ라체 (hawrache) formal non-polite speech level in declarative sentences. See -읔- (-euk-) for more.
- Coordinate term: (used in questions) 을디아 (euldia)
아이고, 자이덜이 ᄀᆞᇀ이 펜안ᄒᆞ게 살아졋이민 ᄎᆞᆷ 좋으키어.- Aigo, jai-deor-i gawchi penanhawge sarajeosimin chawm jo-eukieo.
- Sigh, it would be nice if they could live together peacefully.
가: 어멍아, 민수가 엄창큰 낭글 올르단 쾅쾅 털어젼 가달 다쳔게이!
나: 아영아영 난 모르키어이! 제기 느 아방신디 벵완이 ᄃᆞ려가ᇝ입셍 ᄀᆞᆯ아주라! 저 망ᄒᆞᆯ 낭글 곧 싸사키여.- Ga: Eomeong-a, minsu-ga eomchangkeun nanggeul olleudan kwangkwang teoreojeon gadal dacheon'ge-i!
na: Ayeong'ayeong nan moreu-kieo-i! jegi neu abang-sindi beng'wan-i dawryeogamsipseng gawrajura! jeo manghawl nanggeul got ssa-sa-kiyeo. - A. Mom, Minsu fell hard after climbing a huge tree and hurt his leg!
B. What did I do to deserve this! Tell your father to start taking him to the hospital quickly! We gotta cut those damn trees down soon.
2015 December, 고동호, 송상조, 오창명, 문순덕, 오승훈, “제4장 문장 ”, in 제줏말의 이해 (overall work in Korean), 제주특별자치도: 제주발전연구원 제주학연구센터 , →ISBN, 3.3.3 미래 시제: 1 선어말 어미로 표현되는 미래 시제 , page 193:ᄀ. 느도 밥 먹엉 ᄒᆞᆨ교 갈디아?
ᄂ. 으, 나도 밥 먹엉 ᄒᆞᆨ교 가키어.- G. Neu-do bap meogeong hawkgyo galdia?
n. Eu, na-do bap meogeong hawkgyo ga-kieo. - A: Are you going to school after eating too?
B: Yes, I will also go to school after eating.
2023, 송상조 , “사 ”, in 20세기 제주말 큰사전 , 한국문화사 , →ISBN, page 983:느사 아이덜이 착ᄒᆞ난 좋으키어.- Neu-sa ai-deor-i chakhawnan joeukieo.
- You must be happy with (such) nice children.
Usage notes
Although this ending looks to be analogous to the Korean 겠어 (-gess-eo) or 이야 (-i-ya) 해체 (haeche, “informal, non-polite speech level”) endings in terms of speech levels, in Jeju grammar, it makes a part of the "plain style" ᄒᆞ라체 (hawrache) formal non-polite speech level. This is due to the fact that the ending -마씀 (-masseum) cannot be added to it, being analogous to the Korean -요 (-yo) ending which can only be added to 하게체 (hageche) or 해체 (haeche) endings. The equivalent Jeju ᄒᆞ여체 (hawyeoche, “informal, non-polite speech level”) ending is -으크라 (-eukeura) (also spelled as -으클아 (-eukeura) by O'Grady et al.).
- -키어 (-kieo) — after a vowel or ㄹ (l)
- -이키어 (-ikieo) — after stems that end in ㅅ (s), ㅈ (j), or ㅊ (ch)
- -으키여 (-eukiyeo) (proscribed)
Derived terms
References
- ^ Changyong Yang, Sejung Yang, William O'Grady (2020) “Chapter 6: Aspect, Modality, and Tense”, in Jejueo: The Language of Korea’s Jeju Island, Honolulu, USA: University of Hawai‘i Press, →DOI, →ISBN, →JSTOR, 2.3 Slot 3: Modality, pages 127-128
- ^ 고맹훈 (February 2018) 제주 방언의 상대높임법에 대한 고찰 상대 높임법 형태와 등급체계를 중심으로 (in Korean), pages 79-80
- ^ Changyong Yang, Sejung Yang, William O'Grady (2020) “Chapter 7: Sentence Enders”, in Jejueo: The Language of Korea’s Jeju Island, Honolulu, USA: University of Hawai‘i Press, →DOI, →ISBN, →JSTOR, A Segmentation Controversy (-ya or -nya), pages 200-201