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There exist specimens from An-yang, the capital of the later kings of that dynasty, which can only be dated to that period of bronze decoration to which Professor Yetts has applied the term "First Phase," historically the latter part of the Shang-Yin and early part of the Chou dynasties (Antiquity, vol. 12, 1938).
Barnard, basing his researches on former investigations of Orvar Karlbeck, Shih Chang-ju, and others and on recent Chinese mainland archaeological reports, has dealt with early Chinese furnaces, crucibles, and ingot molds discovered at An-yang and other early sites in China.
Fieldwork was resumed soon after the establishment of the communist regime in 1949, and during the following eighteen years archaeology in all its phases of operation flourished in China as never before. With a few notable exceptions- Chou-k'ou-tien and An-yang, among others- the bulk of the most important archaeological material for the ancient period has been uncovererd during this interval as must be clear from a scrutiny of the footnotes of this book.
During the following decades the bones were traced to a field near An-yang, around three hundred miles southwest of Beijing. During the 1920s and '30s, some twenty-five thousand oracle bones were excavated there, from what may have been a palace archive.
By early in the second millennium B.C., states had developed indigenously in North China. An-yang, the last capital of the Shang dynasty, was excavated first in the later 1920s and remains one of the best-known early Chinese cities.