Appendix:1000 Japanese basic words

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Nouns

People

Occupations

Body

Family

Life

Animals

Plants

Crops

Food

Drink

Seasoning

Time

Week Days

Weather

Directions and positions

Materials

Weights and measures

Society

Human made objects

Home

Tools

Stationery

Clothes

Transport

Language

Media

Colors

Others

Numbers

Abstract nouns

Adjectives

Forms

Feelings

Verbs

Existence

in intransitive sense

Movement

Actions

Changes of state

Senses

Speech

Work

Emotions

Activities

tr transitive sense
in intransitive sense
† conjugates as a u-verb

Adverbs

Pre-noun adjectival

Interjections

Conjunctions

Terminations of verbs

  • う、よう – volitional ending : "Let's…" or "I will" (u, yō)
  • せる、させる – causative ending : to make , to allow (seru, saseru)
  • れる、られる – passive verb ending : to be <verbed> (reru, rareru)
  • そうだ – indicates that it seems the verb occurs (sōda)
  • た – informal past-tense (ta)
  • たい – indicates desire to perform verb (tai)
  • だろう – indicates that it seems the verb occurs; also used to ask whether the verb occurs (darō)
  • ない、ん – informal negative (nai, n)
  • ぬ – archaic informal negative (nu)
  • ます – formal non-past ending (masu)

Particles

Case

  • が – subject marker, but (ga)
  • で – at, by (de)
  • と – and, with (to)
  • に – indirect object marker (ni)
  • の – possession marker, of (no)
  • へ – to (e)
  • まで – to (made)
  • から – from (kara)
  • より – than (yori)
  • を – direct object marker (o)

Conjunctive

  • および、及び – and; as well as (oyobi)
  • か – whether (ka)
  • かも – might be, possible that (kamo)
  • そして – and then (soshite)
  • それとも – or (soretomo)
  • だの – things like <list of things>, including, such things as (dano)
  • つつ – ongoing occurrence (tsutsu)
  • て – te form of verb or adjective
  • と – when, if, that (to)
  • ながら – while, though, both (nagara)
  • ならびに – as well as (narabini)
  • なり – whether or not (nari)
  • に – to <somewhere>, by <someone> (ni)
  • の – possession (no)
  • ので – so (node)
  • また、又 – also, again (mata)
  • または、又は – or alternatively (matawa)
  • も – also, too (mo)
  • や – and (ya)

Final

  • ね – emphasis and question marker, equivalent to "right?" (ne)
  • か – question marker (ka)
  • な – the copula particle used after quasi-adjectives (na)
  • かしら – I wonder (kashira)
  • さ – -ness (sa)
  • っけ – particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information (-kke)

Adverbial

  • こそ – emphasis (koso)
  • さえ – even (sae)
  • しか – only (shika)
  • すら – even (sura)
  • くらい、ぐらい – approximately, about (kurai)
  • だけ – only, as much as (dake)
  • だって – however (datte)
  • ったら – casual topic marker (ttara) [colloquial form of to ittara (if you refer to ~; as for ~)
  • って – said that (tte)
  • でも – also, or (demo)
  • どころ – (particle used to indicate that what precedes it is an extreme example and strongly negates it) (dokoro)
  • など – for example (nado)
  • なら – if ; subject marker (nara)
  • なんか – casual undervalue, dislike, lack (nanka)
  • なんて – casual undervalue, dislike, lack (nante)
  • は – topic marker (wa) [although ha is the hiragana used, wa is the pronunciation)
  • ばかり、ばっかり – just, full of, only (bakari)
  • まで – until (made)
  • も – too, also (mo)
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