Appendix:American Dialect Society words of the year

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The following are recognized words from the American Dialect Society word of the year.

List

Year Word of the Year Notes
1990 bushlips (similar to "bullshit" – stemming from President George H. W. Bush's 1988 "Read my lips: no new taxes" broken promise)
1991 mother of all – (as in Saddam Hussein's foretold "Mother of all battles")
1992 Not! (meaning "just kidding")
1993 information superhighway
1994 cyber, morph (“to change form”)
1995 World Wide Web, newt (to act aggressively as a newcomer).
1996 mom (as in "soccer mom").
1997 millennium bug
1998 e- (as in "e-mail").
1999 Y2K (Word of the Decade (1990–1999): web; Word of the Century (1900–1999): jazz; Word of the Millennium (1000–1999): she)
2000 chad (from the 2000 Presidential Election controversy in Florida).
2001 9-11, 9/11 or September 11
2002 weapons of mass destruction (WMD)
2003 metrosexual
2004 red states, blue states, purple states (from the 2004 presidential election).
2005 truthiness popularized on The Colbert Report.
2006 plutoed, pluto (demoted or devalued, as happened to the former planet Pluto).
2007 subprime (an adjective used to describe a risky or less than ideal loan, mortgage, or investment).
2008 bailout (a rescue by government of a failing corporation)
2009 tweet (noun) (a short message sent via the Twitter service. Word of the Decade (2000–2009): google)
2010 app
2011 occupy (in reference to the Occupy movement)
2012 #hashtag
2013 because (preposition)
2014 #blacklivesmatter
2015 singular they
2016 dumpster fire (🗑️🔥) (a chaotic situation, 2016 presidential election)
2017 fake news
2018 tender-age shelter/camp/facility (for children of asylum seekers at the U.S./Mexico border)
2019 (my) pronouns (as in “pronouns: she/her”. Word of the Decade (2010–2019): singular they)
2020 Covid
2021 insurrection (in reference to the January 6 United States Capitol attack)
2022 -ussy (as in bussy)
2023 enshittification
2024 rawdog

See also

References

  1. ^ Ritter, Jim (31 December 1995) “1995's Word Of the Year: Either `Web' – Or `Newt'”, in Chicago Sun-Times‎, retrieved 21 February 2008
  2. ^ “1995 Words of the Year”, in Americandialect.org‎, American Dialect Society, 13 January 1996, retrieved 21 February 2008
  3. ^ Associated Press (5 January 1997) “Linguists pick 'soccer mom' as 1996's word”, in The Philadelphia Inquirer‎, retrieved 21 February 2008
  4. ^ “1996 Words of the Year”, in Americandialect.org‎, American Dialect Society, 13 January 1997, retrieved 21 February 2008
  5. ^ Smith, Sheron (10 January 1998) “Word! 'Millennium Bug' is picked as top phrase of 1997”, in The Macon Telegraph‎, retrieved 21 February 2008
  6. ^ “1997 Words of the Year”, in Americandialect.org‎, American Dialect Society, 13 January 1998, retrieved 21 February 2008
  7. ^ Gallentine, Shana (21 January 1999) “1998: Our society defined in just a few short words”, in The Red and Black‎, retrieved 21 February 2008
  8. ^ “1998 Words of the Year”, in Americandialect.org‎, American Dialect Society, 13 January 1999, retrieved 21 February 2008
  9. ^ Freeman, Jan (18 June 2000) “Steal this coinage”, in The Boston Globe‎, retrieved 21 February 2008
  10. ^ “1999 Words of the Year, Word of the 1990s, Word of the 20th Century, Word of the Millennium”, in Americandialect.org‎, American Dialect Society, 13 January 2000, retrieved 21 February 2008
  11. ^ Kershner, Vlae (11 December 2002) “Help us choose the 'Word of the Year'”, in San Francisco Chronicle‎, retrieved 19 February 2008
  12. ^ “2000 Words of the Year”, in Americandialect.org‎, American Dialect Society, 13 January 2001, retrieved 19 February 2008
  13. ^ Scott, Janny (24 February 2002) “A nation challenged: Language; Words of 9/11 Go From Coffee Shops To the Dictionaries”, in The New York Times‎, retrieved 19 February 2008
  14. ^ “2001 Words of the Year”, in Americandialect.org‎, American Dialect Society, 13 January 2002, retrieved 19 February 2008
  15. ^ “'W.M.D.' voted word of year”, in USA Today‎, 6 January 2003, retrieved 19 February 2008
  16. ^ “2002 Words of the Year”, in Americandialect.org‎, American Dialect Society, 13 January 2003, retrieved 19 February 2008
  17. ^ Newman, Andrew Adam (10 October 2005) “In Time of Studied Ambiguity, a Label for the Manly Man”, in The New York Times‎, retrieved 19 February 2008
  18. ^ “2003 Words of the Year”, in Americandialect.org‎, American dialect Society, 13 January 2004, retrieved 19 February 2008
  19. ^ Associated Press (10 January 2005) “Linguists' phrase of the year: 'Red state, blue state, purple state'”, in The Seattle Times‎, retrieved 19 February 2008
  20. ^ “2004 Word of the Year”, in Americandialect.org‎, American Dialect Society, 7 January 2005, retrieved 19 February 2008
  21. ^ Nash, Margo (9 April 2006) “Jersey Footlights”, in The New York Times‎, retrieved 19 February 2008
  22. ^ “Truthiness Voted 2005 Word of the Year”, in Americandialect.org‎, American Dialect Society, 6 January 2006, retrieved 8 February 2008
  23. ^ Newman, Andrew Adam (10 December 2007) “How Dictionaries Define Publicity: the Word of the Year”, in The New York Times‎, retrieved 19 February 2008
  24. ^ “'Plutoed' Voted 2006 Word of the Year”, in Americandialect.org‎, American Dialect Society, 5 January 2007, retrieved 19 February 2008
  25. ^ ““Subprime” voted 2007 word of the year”, in Americandialect.org‎, American Dialect Society, 4 January 2008, retrieved 19 February 2008
  26. ^ Mullen, Jim (23 January 2008) “LOL – Subprime is delighted to be word of the year”, in Chicago Sun-Times‎, retrieved 19 February 2008
  27. ^ “'Bailout' voted Word of the Year”, in Americandialect.org‎, American Dialect Society, 2009
  28. ^ Barrett, Grant (8 January 2009) ““Tweet” 2009 Word of the Year, “Google” Word of the Decade”, in Americandialect.org‎, retrieved 9 January 2010
  29. ^ ““App” voted 2010 word of the year by the American Dialect Society”, in Americandialect.org‎, American Dialect Society, 2011
  30. ^ ““Occupy” 2011 Word of the Year”, in Americandialect.org‎, American Dialect Society, 2012
  31. ^ ““Hashtag” 2012 Word of the Year”, in Americandialect.org‎, American Dialect Society, 2012
  32. ^ ““Because” 2013 Word of the Year”, in Americandialect.org‎, American Dialect Society, 2013
  33. ^ “2014 Word of the Year is #blacklivesmatter”, in Americandialect.org‎, American Dialect Society, 2014
  34. ^ “2015 Word of the Year is singular “they””, in Americandialect.org‎, American Dialect Society, 8 January 2016
  35. ^ ““Dumpster fire” is 2016 American Dialect Society word of the year”, in Americandialect.org‎, American Dialect Society, 6 January 2017
  36. ^ ““Fake news” is 2017 American Dialect Society word of the year”, in Americandialect.org‎, American Dialect Society, 5 January 2018
  37. ^ ““Tender-age shelter” is 2018 American Dialect Society word of the year”, in Americandialect.org‎, American Dialect Society, 4 January 2019
  38. ^ “2019 Word of the Year is “(My) Pronouns,” Word of the Decade is Singular “They””, in Americandialect.org‎, American Dialect Society, 3 January 2020
  39. ^ “2020 Word of the Year is “Covid””, in Americandialect.org‎, American Dialect Society, 17 December 2020
  40. ^ “2021 Word of the Year is “Insurrection””, in Americandialect.org‎, American Dialect Society, 7 January 2022
  41. ^ “2022 Word of the Year is “-ussy””, in Americandialect.org‎, American Dialect Society, 6 January 2023
  42. ^ “2023 Word of the Year Is “Enshittification””, in Americandialect.org‎, American Dialect Society, 5 January 2024
  43. ^ “2024 Word of the Year Is “Rawdog””, in Americandialect.org‎, American Dialect Society, 10 January 2025

Further reading

  • Lerer, Seth (2007) Inventing English: A Portable History of the Language, New York, New York: Columbia University Press, page 195
  • Mencken, H.L. (2006) The American Language: An Inquiry into the Development of English in the United States, Alfred A. Knopf
  • Metcalf, Allan A. (2002) Predicting New Words: The Secrets of Their Success, Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Company, page 188
  • Wolfram, Walt with Natalie Schilling-Estes (2006) American English: Dialects and Variation, Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, page 24
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