Appendix:Birri word list

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The following word list of Birri is from Santandrea (1966).

List

Gloss Birri notes
animal nvàre
anthill isi; yícì
arrow gundá; matakada
artist ámá... ; ɛ̃́mɛ̃́...
ashes kúvùtu
axe acä́kpä́; anvadi
baboon ngboru; ngbäru
back ágbámòkètí
basket vaga; thanga; wacini
bat ávìrìtì; ágìɗò
bee ámɛ̃-mà
beer ŋà
belly ʈi... ; ʈu... ; únyi
bird uɖá
blacksmith ámá-kúsi; ɛ̃mɛ̃-kúsi
blood ɔ́tɔ́
body rɔ; aɓö (skin)
bone kpɔ
bow matagél
hoy rèndɛ-ùmá
brains nyɔkurukpɛ̀
breast mòmágu
woman's breast nva(a)
elder brother ánɖu; kabu
younger brother ngàràgbà
buffalo ánɖr(ì)
buttocks nvwèlú
calabash kpẹri; kpelengo
canoe kurungba
cat angbärä
cattle bagara < Arabic
chief a'ú; gbaya
child rèndɛ; ŋɔ(ɔ)
chin ala
cloth(es) vɔ̀ngɔ́; bɔ̀ngɔ́
coal(s) (i)yí
cotton rumu
country mo home
crocodile úɗù; nvàràgawú
day máɗì; gbɛ̃
daughter rèndɛ-ifu
death (corpse) úɓà
doctor ulu-ga-manga
dog ana
donkey kìsé; kècɛ̀
door re-tìmà
doorway tìmà
dove kurùngúdù
dream i'í
drum únɖ(r)ì
tamtam drum gúrú
durrah (dura) ùndhá
ear nvö; nvu
earth (ground)
egg ɓä
elephant nvòrɔ̀
evening áyívä
excrement ani, anyi
eye më́; mʊ́
father ɓu
papa ává
fence ndugu
field ádha; wë
finger inyi-diɖr
(cf. hand) inyi-digbà
fire úsì
fish índhí
flour ívù
fly úʈrɛ
foot (leg) úngbà
forest (bush) thúʈù
fowl úndhí
frog rɔngɔ
giraffe dikara
girl rèndɛ-ifu
goat, sheep ínyí
God Ngothù
gourd úka
granary àngbà
grandparent àvà; àwà
grass thó
grave ákú; ávä
groundnuts curugbaya
guineafowl úfɛ́
hair
hartebeest ngìrá
hawk erɛ; vëndë
head ɖru
hand inyi
hill arì; àngá (stone)
hippopotamus àngɔ̀nvɔ́
hoe v̱àràgà, nvaraga, nv̱araga
hole vu
honey ámɛ̃́ cf. bee
horn udhö́
house, home mó, mú, mʊ́
hunger nvì, nvẹ̀
hut dhàrà
hyena mòyá'u
illness uɓá
iron idikpɔ, edekpɔ
jackal ɔ́gbɔ́
knee ukú
knife kä́dyì
leopard ùgbá
leprosy gbámvì
lightning ndígbà
lion nvùrùwí; silingiri
lip tyidi-àɓú mouth-skin
locust mókòròngbɔ̀
maize nvomú; kòndì
man (genus) ulu
male ùmá
husband ɔ́mɔ
mat ìnjá; kutukpa
meat kàká
cooked meat útyì sauce
medicine manga
moon áfí
morning ámuʈ(r)u
mortar ä́nví
mosquito nvá(a)
mother
mamma yamá
mouth tyi(di)
mud ɔ̀gɔ̀
nail (cf. hand) (i)nyi-(i)si; nyisi
name iri
neck ɔfɔ
neighbour unɖri
net ngbàdyí
night ätyí
nose ímɔ̀; ámɔ̀
oil dhö
owner ama
orphan ìzɔ́; ìjɔ́
penis ákpi
pig (wild) vùngbá
red boar denvete
pipe n'vassa
place kéthrá
pool, lake ä́vú; úvú
porridge áɓä́; ä́ɓä́
pot ndɔ̀rɔ̀
rain nɖr(i)
rat (common) késì
field rat ùtyí
road ava; av̱a
rope ùnɖrá
sacrifice (e)dàkpà Ngóthù
saliva èndí; èndé
salt ägä; ögö
sand áŋá
dust, earth vo cf. earth
scorpion ángùrìnvɔ́; ɛnɛ
seed ɔʈrɔ; gbaga
sesame àŋà
pounded sesame ukpé
shield gòmvò
shoe rakata
shoulder tʊndʊ; ɔfɔkpɔɔ
sister amù; ämù
skin áɓú; áɓä́
sky nɖraa
slave kanga
smoke kaka
snake líí; léé
song kpɔ
spear ngbàrá; (e)ssi
star dangi; ínɖrù
stick kpávara; gbɔ́tɔ̀ɗɔ̀
stool mbata
stone àngá; angbà
stream ungu
sun uɖrà
sweat àmẽrenwɛ̃
tall
tear náwu
flying edible termite mɔ̀(ɔ̀)
white ants ɔ́tɔ́
testicle(s) uŋu
thing ìdi; ẹ̀dẹ
thirst ó'ú
thorn únhè
tobacco taba
tongue ìnɖrɔ́; ìnɖrá
tooth
tortoise akpokpozo
aquatic turtle n'gonvo
tree kpi; kpɪ
tribe ɔʈrɔ seed
clan (?) vùndù
truth kpɔkpɔ
twins ruŋa < Bongo
urine úɖ(r)ä́
vagina àkà
varan akpë́
vein uɖrì
war ígà
water wu
waterbuck vöndö
well ndhùré
wind ílù
woman ìfú
wife nɖra
word aɖ(r)a
work thung(y)e
yam (home) inji; ingi
yam (wild) kongo
year utu
dry season utu; issi
rain season ɔ́kɔ́ʈù
ask ushi
beat mɛ̃
beg ri
beget aka
bite (a)'a
sting anja
blow ɛ̃fɛ̃
break (trans.) wi
break (intr.) ayí
break ä́kä̀
breathe ɔ'ɔ
brew (beer) aé; ar ?
bring ána (a)r(e)
build ɔ́ɖɔ́
build avì
burn (trans.) àthù
burn (intr.) áŋɔ́
buy àgí
sell ùthó
call ùngbá
carry ádi
catch anvu
cease ívà
chase u'a
come ana; (a)kä
cook íɗì
cough ékpe; ikpi
count uɖrà
cry ra-mi
cut ágá
dance ara
die àyí
dig (hole) áɗi
dress ɔ̀sh(y)ɔ́
undress áɗì
drink aya
eat ɔnyɔ
fall èɗɛ́
finish áthì
fly ifë́
forget agbí
give akpa
go awa
hear sha
kill àwì
know ari; ali
laugh ɛ́ngɛ́
insult, abuse ɔɗɔ
laugh at ugba
leave, depart ìnyà
lick ínyí
lie (tell lies) alá ílí/élé
lie (down) àfú/àfë́ (gu)vo
(get) lost agbi
love lẹ
make adhi; adhe
marry (á)di
meet ɔvɔ
milk anda
open ofo; ufo
pain ádhírú
pain (e.g., head) ara(ra)
pay agi
put agu
rain aɗí; aɗɪ
refuse omo; ɔmɔ
return akë; akɪ
run (a)wí
see anda
send ɔɓɔ
shoot anja
shut àngí
lock ɔgbɔ
sing re
sit aɗi
sleep ɔɗɔ; äɗä
smell iɗi riŋo
sow (durrah) uwi
sow (sesame) ayú
speak ala
spread äɗä
stab aɗu
stand up inya
steal ɔ'ɔ
stop andhi
sweep
swim áfú
tear ira
throw ɛdɛ
tie 'ɛ; ɔrɔ
wait (trans.) udá
walk demɛ̃; anvá
want kpamà; áv̱i
wash avi; ivi
write unɖri
tattoo uɓa
yawn ä́kpä́
bad akpa-sha
big ukama
bitter
black nɖr(i)
cold (u)só
drunk (verb) ɔnɔ
dry ɔ'u
far ɛgbɛ̃
fat ungbungbu
female ama
few tèketɛ́
good ákpá(-dá)
hard ɔ́tɔ́ʈrɔ́, ɔ́ʈɔ́ʈrɔ́
heavy úmámá
hot (verb) ɛ̃mɛ̃-kpɔ́
left (hand) ngálí
light ("heavy not") àma-sa
little ngʊ; ngu
long angaa... ; ɔ́lɔ́kɔ́
loud nɖra
male
many (a)tó(tó)
near tẹ́re
new zhya
old (people) ɔgbɔrɔ
old (things) igbá
poor nda
red gbu
right (hand)
ripe a'u; alí
sharp ánví
strong (hard) ɔ́tɔ́ʈrɔ́
stupid tätù
sweet (adjective) ili(li)
sweet (verb) eɓɛ
thick ivù
white fú(ú)
early (kpa) kawa
fast kawa; kärä
formerly kawada
now ɓiɓi-dò
slow(ly) yaa
tight(ly) (a)ngbangba
today íɖrà
tomorrow ámùnɖrí
when? bìré
where? ala
yesterday rínɖrɔ́

References

  • Santandrea, Stefano. 1966. The Birri language: Brief elementary notes. Afrika und Übersee 49: 81‒234.
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