Appendix:English–French relations

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This appendix contains relations between the languages English and French.

Cognates and other similar words with the same meaning

At least one meaning is the same.

Identical spelling

Countries and regions

Diacritics, capitalisation, hyphens, spaces

Differences: diacritics, capitalisation, hyphens, spaces

Infinitive ending e/er

Differences: infinitive ending e/er, diacritics, capitalisation

Infinitive ending -/er

Differences: infinitive ending -/er, diacritics, capitalisation

Infinitive ending -/re

Differences: infinitive ending -/re, diacritics, capitalisation

Infinitive ending -/ir

Differences: infinitive ending -/ir, diacritics, capitalisation

Infinitive ending e/ir

Differences: infinitive ending e/ir, diacritics, capitalisation

Infinitive ending ish/ir

Differences: infinitive ending ish/ir, diacritics, capitalisation

Infinitive ending y/ier

Differences: infinitive ending y/ier, diacritics, capitalisation

Infinitive ending de/ser

Differences: infinitive ending de/ser, diacritics, capitalisation

Infinitive ending ate/er

Differences: infinitive ending ate/er, diacritics, capitalisation

Infinitive ending cate/quer

Differences: infinitive ending cate/quer, diacritics, capitalisation

Infinitive ending (ize or ise)/iser

Differences: (ize or ise)/iser, diacritics, capitalisation

Ending ism/isme

Differences: ending ism/isme, diacritics, capitalisation

Ending ist/iste

Differences: ending ist/iste, diacritics, capitalisation

Ending -/e

Differences: ending -/e, diacritics, capitalisation

Ending a/e

Differences: ending a/e, diacritics, capitalisation

Ending e/-

Differences: ending e/-, diacritics, capitalisation

Ending y/ie

Differences: ending y/ie, diacritics, capitalisation

Ending y/ie, other differences

Differences: ending y/ie, other differences

Ending ty/té

Differences: ending ty/té, diacritics, capitalisation

Ending ty/té, other differences

Differences: ending ty/té, other differences

Ending ia/ie

Differences: ending ia/ie, diacritics, capitalisation

Ending ia/ie, other differences

Differences: ending ia/ie, other differences

Ending or/eur

Differences: ending eur/or, diacritics, capitalisation

Ending or/eur, other differences

Differences: ending eur/or, other differences

Ending ian/ien

Differences: ending ian/ien, diacritics, capitalisation

Ending al/el

Differences: ending al/el, diacritics, capitalisation

Ending ive/if

Differences: ending ive/if, diacritics, capitalisation

Adjective ending ic/ique

Differences: adjective ending ic/ique, diacritics, capitalisation

Adjective ending ical/ique

Differences: adjective ending ical/ique, diacritics, capitalisation

Double letters in the English word

Differences: double letters in the English word, diacritics, capitalisation

Double letters in the French word

Differences: double letters in the French word, diacritics, capitalisation

Insert one letter

Differences: insert one letter, diacritics, capitalisation

Remove one letter

Differences: remove one letter, diacritics, capitalisation

Substitute one letter

Differences: substitute one letter, diacritics, capitalisation

Exchange two neighbouring letters

Differences: exchange two neighbouring letters, diacritics, capitalisation

Other similar words

False friends

Pseudo-loans and calques

Pseudo-gallicisms in English

Pseudo-anglicisms in French

In some cases, French borrowed English words where it has a usage not found in English, or does not exist in English. This is particularly common in European French, but is generally frowned upon in Quebec French. Examples are:

One common form of forming pseudo-anglicism in French is adding the prefix -ing to words from English.

French calques from English

While French has incorporated English words as either loanwords and pseudo-anglicisms, other have entered French as word-by-word or morpheme-by-morpheme translations of the English. This is particularly common in Canadian French. Examples are:

See also