Klamath morpheme list from Barker (1963), as digitized by Philip Spaelti of Kobe Shoin Women's University at his Klamath Dictionary website:[1]
Important note—Entries in this list are morphemes according to Barker's linguistic analysis of the Klamath language, and are rendered in Barker's morphophonemic notation. They are not proper Klamath words. Some morphemes can appear in isolation as stand-alone words, but may not appear in the same form.
(Check the transcription with the original scan of the English-Klamath list in Barker 1963.)
English gloss | Klamath | notes |
---|---|---|
abandon | deˑWi | Sv; Also g̣lewy Sv |
about to | nʼapg | sv |
above (on top) | plen | S-l |
above (over) | oyg̣i | sv |
above (up high) | blay | Sl |
abrade (scuff) | klaˑ | S-v |
absent (lacking), be | qʼeˑgi | Sv |
absent (still), be | qap | S-v |
achieve | se̲g̣isLa̲a | See g̣is |
acorn | qli | S-n |
acquaintance | se̲qoyg̣dk | See qoyg̣ |
across | akʼw | sv |
across a mountain | etʼleˑg̣i | sv |
nʼ | sv | |
oywi̲ʼ | sv | |
Adam’s apple | sqʼayʼe | Sn |
adding one quantity of a substance to another | amʼaˑwʼ | sv |
lʼi | sv sa | |
ni | sd sa sl | |
in a state of having been … ed | dk | sv |
admire (appreciate) | yaˑmi̲ʼ | Sv |
admire (wish to have) | čaˑn | S-v |
adultery (lie with someone’s spouse), commit | sqʼollʼg̣oˑta | See sqʼol |
adultery (steal away someone’s spouse), commit | se̲pʼalla | See pʼall |
advice | sdolys | See sdoly |
advise | sdoly | Sv |
advise (suggest remedies) | sʔawʼaˑY | Sv |
adze | yebn̲oˑts | See yebn̲ |
after awhile | ʔonʼčeˑ | Srt |
afterwards | dankskniˑ | See dank |
again | beˑn | Srt |
against (at, on) | otn̲ | sv |
against (diagonally) | abaˑyi̲ʼ | sv |
against (the shore, wall) | abaˑtn̲ | sv |
against a hillside | alamn | sv |
Agency | ʔiˑǰan | S-n |
Agent | ʔiˑǰant | Sn |
ahead of | ayʼaˑY | sv |
aim at a target | layyi̲ʼ | Sv |
air, do an action repeatedly in the | eˑqʼ | sv |
alder (sp.) | wibl | Sn |
alike | se̲hongpči | See hoˑd |
alkali | LaLaˑk | Sn |
all | naˑnok | Sa |
all around | na | sl |
all around (carrying aimlessly) | oyamn | sv |
all around (here and there) | okang | sv |
all day | wayta | See wayt |
all night | niˑsda | Srt |
all together | naˑnok̓antga | See naˑnok |
allow (let someone go, do) | ʔinoˑ | S-v |
allow (permit) | weˑwlʼ | Sv |
almost | wikʼaˑ delčnʼbga | See dᵉl and wikʼaˑ |
almost (action not begun) | a̲ksg | sv |
almost (action begun but not completed) | Wiˑ | sv |
alone | Naˑčyak | See Naˑs |
along (action while moving) | čnʼ | sv |
along a twisting edge (cliff, riverbank) | oYn̲ | sv |
along the back | eWa̲ | sv |
along the bank | alYn̲ | sv; Also aliˑg sv |
along the edge | elwy | sv; Also oliˑn sv |
along the top | eLWn̲ | sv |
alongside | atln̲ | sv; Also aLn̲ sv; Also oYn̲ sv |
also (too) | čʼis | Sre |
also (too, as well) | manʼiˑ | Sre |
always | čʼosak | Srt |
amazed, be | sǰim | S-v |
ambush, to | gantn̲a | See gan |
amniotic sack | skodas | See skod |
among | awʼiˑn | sv |
anal hair | g̣eyeˑni̲ʼs | See g̣e |
anchor | se̲ntʼačʼwoˑts | See tʼačʼ |
and (so, then) | čoy | Srp |
angel | ʔinǰil | Sn |
anger (meanness) | qiLoˑ | S-n |
angry, be | sʔawiˑg | Sv |
angry (want trouble with someone), be | siǰaq | S-v |
ankle | nᵉawʼaˑlʼs | See nᵉ |
annoy | sne̲tmaˑkʼa | See tmaˑkʼ |
annoyed, be | ǰekʼ | Sv |
annoyed (disgusted) with, be | qʼoˑy̓ | Sv |
another | Naˑs | Sa |
answer | walg̣ | Sv |
ant | qʼiMaˑč | Sn |
antelope | čew | Sn |
antler | tog̣i | Sn |
anus | qʼiw | Sn |
anus (orifice) | kʼiliˑt | Sn |
anxious, be | wičʼ | S-v |
any (even) | gin | Sre |
any place, way | hinaˑ | S-l |
apart | weliˑ | S-l |
apparition | r̲e̲he̲ssleʔys | See sleʔ |
apple(s) | ʔeˑpal | S-n |
appreciate | yaˑmi̲ʼ | Sv |
arch the back | čʼinyg̣i | See čʼin |
argue | dalʼ | Sv |
arm | weq | Sn |
armload, act upon a | lotoˑ | S-v |
armor (elkhide shirt) | qaqnʼoˑlʼ | S-n |
armor vest (slat armor) | deˑLq | Sn |
armpit | Yog̣ | -S-n |
armpit hair | r̲e̲g̣er̲diˑls | See g̣e |
around (carrying an obj. aimlessly) | oyamn | sv |
around (here and there) | okang | sv |
around (in a general area) | na | sl |
around (revolving) | akʼiˑčʼ | sv |
around a central obj. | akyamn | sv |
around the edge, circumference | akʼiˑmi̲ʼ | sv |
arrange (put in order) | wlelg̣ | Sv |
arriving | adbn̲ | sv |
arrow | dalčʼi | Sn |
arrow (for waterfowl) | nteqt | S-n |
arrow (shaman’s instrument) | heneˑs | S-n |
arrow (war) | kʼeys | See nkʼeysʔań̲ |
arrowpoint | sawl | S-n |
arrow-straightener | tg̣oylkʼys | See tg̣oy |
as (so, then) | či | Srp |
as (just as) | waqt | See waq |
as big as | betbanʼi | Sra |
as far as | dadaˑdi | See dadaˑ; Also kʼadaˑdi; See kʼadaˑ |
as they say (reported action) | mat | Srp |
ash (flying bits of ash from a hot fire) | Lapkʼeˑk | S-n |
ashamed, be | ndečgi | Sv |
ashes (coals, charcoal) | lkʼom | Sn |
ashes (hearth) | sneylʼg̣s | See sney |
ask a question | woln̲ | Sv |
ask for (beg) | sʔamna | S-v |
ask for (request) | sag̣oˑdg | Sv |
ask someone to do | saˑdlʼ | Sv |
ask someone to go | saMoˑ | S-v |
attached to (at, on) | otn̲ | sv |
attack | gᵛolgi | See gᵛ |
attack (pounce on) | delwg | Sv |
attention, pay | g̣eqč | Sv |
audible, be plainly | čiNttʼ | Sv |
audible, be barely | qyos | Sv |
ʔmʼč | sn sa | |
aunt (father’s brother’s wife) | loloˑs | -S-n |
aunt (father’s sister) | g̣oǰ | -S-n |
aunt (mother’s brother’s wife) | ʔomg̣ | -S-n |
aunt (mother’s sister) | saˑqʼ | -S-n; Also kʼis -S-n |
automobile | lᵛor̲yamnoˑts | See lᵛ; Also ʔawtomoˑbiˑl S-n |
avoiding | ayaˑdg | sv |
awake, be | delčnʼbga | See dᵉl |
awake, be fully | čibqʼoˑla | See či |
away (action away from for a purpose) | ča̲ | sv |
away from | oWasg | sv |
away from (off) | osg | sv |
away from against | altb | sv |
awfully (very, extremely) | qʼa | Srm |
awl | saqda | Sn |
axe | sleg̣oˑts | See sleg̣ |
baby | mʼog | S-n |
baby birds | čiˑlʼilʼig | S-n |
baby louse | kʼapnʼa | Sn |
baby-sit | weʼr̲dga | See weʼ |
back (again, returning) | ebli | sv |
back (body part) | qeˑmt | Sn |
back (view of a person) | swᵉalamns | See swᵉ |
back, act on the | kekʼ | -Sv |
back, act with the | čʼin | S-v (cl.) |
back, along the | eWa̲ | sv |
back, on the | adgl | sv |
back, on the | alamn | sv |
back and forth | pbeˑli̲ʼ | sv |
back of the knee | ʔiww | S-n |
back up | čʼayal | S-v |
backbite | r̲e̲se̲g̣wᵛobga | See g̣wᵛ |
backbone | ʔᵛeLWn̲ys | See ʔᵛ |
back-scratcher | se̲daqčoˑts | See daqč |
bad | qʼoyčʼi | See qʼoy |
badger | kol | S-n |
badly | qʼoy | Sra |
bag | tʼaˑyʼ | S-n; See ‘sack’ also. |
bail of a bucket | čʼiskʼws | See či |
bait a hook | ksᵛotn̲a | See ksᵛ |
bake in a pit | bog̣ | Sv |
bake in a tray or pan | sʔoˑdiˑla | See sʔoˑ |
bake in ashes | kčinʼ | Sv |
bald | stʼaqʼčwoˑldk | Also stʼaqʼwloˑldk; See tʼaqʼ |
ball | boˑl | Sn |
ball-court | se̲qʼawehkʼys | See qʼaw̓ |
bank (financial) | beˑnk | Sn |
bank (where the water has receded and left a cracked dry place along the edge of a stream) | slʼoyč | Sn |
bank, along the | alYn̲ | sv |
bank, on the | aliˑg | sv |
bank a fire | sdoydiˑla | See sdoy |
baptize | qliwwl | See qliw |
barber | r̲r̲e̲qdᵛyʼoˑqʼys | See yʼoqʼ |
barbershop | r̲e̲se̲qdᵛyʼoˑqʼkʼys | See yʼoqʼ |
bare, be | tʼaqʼ | S-v |
barefoot | bayaˑsyak | Sra |
barely | čeˑt hak | See čeˑ |
bark (inner) | nčʼed | S-n |
bark (inner) | stabl̓sʔm | See stabl̓ |
bark (outer) | qnewčʼi | Sn |
bark, gather | stabl̓ | Sv |
bark, to | pag | Sv |
barrel | tʼomoˑl | S-n |
bashful (ashamed), be | ndečgi | Sv |
bashful (shy), be | salkyʼ | Sv |
basket | maksa | Sn |
basket (burden) | yʼagi | Sn |
basket (for wokas-gathering) | spidgs | See spi |
basket (sifting) | slačʼqn̲oˑts | See slačʼ |
basket (storage) | čaklʼa | Sn |
basket (type) | saˑlm tʼaˑyʼs | See tʼaˑyʼ |
basket (water-storage) | qalla | Sn |
basket base (the first ring of white cattails on which the basket is built up) | se̲ʼlᵛočʼpʼs | See očʼiˑpʼ |
basket hat | qma | Sn S-n |
basket hopper | tʼlog̣ | S-n |
basket sifter | tya | Sn |
basket tray (for wokas-sifting and parching) | pʼaLa | Sn |
basket-like obj., act upon | sqa | S-v (cl.). |
basketry designs: the following names of basketry design elements were recorded.Arrow-Pointed-on | sawlsa̲ltn̲dk | See sawl |
Crow’s-Kneed-on | gaˑg̣m sqʼolʼanč̓a̲ltn̲dk | See qʼolʼinč |
Footed-on | peč̓a̲ltn̲dk | See peč |
Lightning-Struck-on | wlepʼl̓tn̲dk | See wlepʼl̓ |
Pit-Rivered-on | moˑwa̲twaˑsa̲ltn̲dk | See moˑwa̲ |
Trout-Guts-on | smʼolingsa̲ltn̲dk | See smʼoling |
Wall-Framed-on | sg̣ačoˑsa̲ltn̲dk | See sg̣ačoˑ |
bat | nayL | -S-n |
batchelor | qoqding | S-n |
bathe | peˑw | Sv |
bay-colored, be | beqʼ | S-v |
be | gi | Sv |
be able | a̲t | sv |
be an article of wearing apparel (?) | eˑʼ | sv |
be what the preceding adverb says | eˑwi̲ʼ | sv |
bead | yamn | S-n |
bead (blue glass) | čagpča | See čag |
bead (bone) | qaqʼoˑ | Sn |
bead (type) | yahiˑ | Sn |
bear (black bear) | witʼeˑm | Sn |
bear (cinnamon) | nʼaˑqʼa | Sn |
bear (grizzly) | loq | Sn |
beard | smʼoˑg̣ | Sn |
beard (of a young boy) | r̲e̲mʼaˑks | See mʼaˑk |
beat | dᵛ | -S-v (cl.). |
beat (in a fight) | sqʼom̓ | Sv |
beat (win) | win | S-v; Also gᵛoˑli; See oˑli |
beat (with a fist, foot) | kt | S-v (cl.). |
beat (with a long instrument) | w | S-v (cl.). |
beat hard (pitter-patter) | kʼaw̓ | Sv |
beat hard (throb) | diqʼ | Sv |
beat on (as a drum) | wotn̲nʼa | See w |
beaver | pom | Sn |
because of | wk | sv |
become (be) | gi | Sv |
become (change) | g̣leg | Sv |
become (turn) | dgi | sv |
bed | sqʼolbgkʼys | See sqʼol; Also bet Sn |
bedding | se̲ʼwals | See wal |
bee | mom | -S-n |
been () | odg | sv |
beetle (potato beetle) | weˑteˑnkniˑ | See weˑteˑn |
beetle (sp.) | tgolʼoˑt | S-n |
beetle (sp.) | r̲é̲ˑr̲qaˑs | See qas |
before | loby | Sl Sr |
beg | sʔamna | S-v |
behind | alamn | sv |
behind | tabyʼtant | See tabyʼ |
belch | qʼobL̓ | Sv |
belch (gasp) | mpakʼ | Sv Or mpʼaqʼaˑ S-v |
belch (have gas on the stomach) | kʼoskʼ | Sv |
believe | loˑL | Sv |
belittle | sg̣aˑm | Sv |
bell | din | -Sn |
below (down below) | yanaˑ | Sl |
below (underneath) | monaˑ | Sl |
belt (of hide) | peqʼ | Sv |
belt, wear | qʼayLyʼ | Sv |
bend | čoq | -Sv |
bend | qʼočʼ | +Sv |
bend (a limber obj.) | lʼew | -Sv |
bend (a slender obj.) | silʼ | -Sv |
bend (fold) | qʼalʼ | -Sv |
bend (into a hoop) | čʼis | S-v |
bend (wad up, tangle) | qʼoli̲ʼ | -Sv |
iˑ | sv | |
berdache | twiniˑq | S-v |
berry: for various spp. see under “plant.” Berries having commonly known English names will be found under those headings.beside | aqyeˑtn̲ | sv |
beside (on one side) | Nay | S-l |
besides (separate) | weliˑ | S-l |
between | atʼamsg̣ | sv |
between the legs | pʼoˑkʼ | -Sv |
big | moˑ | Srm |
bile | bi | S-n |
bird | čʼikʼ | S-n Species having common English names will be found under those headings. |
bird (sp.) | gawi | Sn |
bird (sp.) | ǰiWeˑʼ | -S-n |
bird (sp.) | qawdoˑgiˑ | S-n |
birth, give | nqaqgi | Sv; Also mʼog̓aˑkʼ̓a̲la; See mʼog And weˑʼs̓a̲la; See weˑʼ |
bit (unit of money) | bit | Sn |
bitch | nčʼilo | Sn |
bite, to | g̣wᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
bite fleas | čʼaˑqʼ | -Sv |
biting | og̣y | sv |
bitter, be | mpʼoqamn | Sv |
black, be | bos | S-v |
blackberry | r̲e̲tonksʔm | See ton |
blackbird | čʼog̣ | S-n |
blackbird (Brewer’s blackbird) | čʼeg̣ | S-n |
blackbird (yellow-headed blackbird) | kaklaˑwʼ | -S-n |
bladder (of a fish) | tʼog̣ | S-n |
blanket (rabbitskin) | qʼalyʼa | Sn |
blanket, wear | skod | Sv |
blaze (on a horse’s forehead) | se̲nᵉaliˑgdk | See nᵉ |
blaze up | hebl | -Sv |
bleach, to | sne̲čoˑqʼdgi | See čoqʼ |
bleed | ǰeg̣lea̲la | See ǰeg̣le |
blind | pat | +Sv sv |
blink | swʼeqapč | S-v |
blink | pʼetqʼ | Sv |
blink (wink, squint) | qʼnačʼiˑqʼ | Sv |
blister | čʼitn̲a | See čʼi |
blister, to | čʼew̓ | Sv |
blizzard, to | wič | S-v (cl.). |
blood | ǰeg̣le | Sn |
bloom, to | slʼab | Sv |
blow (a puff of breath) | swokʼ | S-v |
blow (breath) | pniw | S-v |
blow (breeze) | wloˑ | S-v |
blow (from the north) | yaˑma̲ | Sv |
blow (from the south) | moˑwa̲ | Sv |
blow (from the south-east) | yeˑwa̲ | Sv |
blow (snow, storm, blizzard) | wič | S-v (cl.). |
blow (the nose) | sniˑg̣̓ | Sv |
blow (wind) | wi | S-v (cl.). |
blue, be | mʼečʼ | S-v |
bluejay | tsg̣ew | -S-n |
blunt, be | čʼoyi̲ʼ | +Sv |
blunt on top, be | tʼoM̓ | Sv |
blush | taˑkdgir̲bqʼa | See tak |
board (piece of lumber) | papg̣ | S-n |
body | čʼoleˑk | S-n |
body, act with the | wʼin | S-v |
body hair | r̲e̲mʼaˑks | See mʼaˑk |
bogeyman | qoˑʼs | See qoˑʼ |
boil (skin eruption) | lᵛotqʼags | See lᵛ |
boil, to | dopʼ | Sv |
boil by heated stones | tal | S-v |
bone | qaqʼoˑ | Sn |
bone game | sakl̓s | See sakl̓ |
book | bok | Sn |
bootlegger | r̲e̲hod̲wys | See hod̲ |
bore a hole | twᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
both | laˑb̓okʼ | See laˑb |
both sides, ends | biblan | S-l |
bother, to | sne̲tmaˑkʼa | See tmaˑkʼ |
bothered, be | ǰekʼ | Sv |
bottle | baˑdal | Sn |
bottom of a basket | čʼoy | Sn |
bottom of a basket (a bunch of strands tied in the middle from which the sides of the basket are built up) | sčilʼg̣s | See sči |
bow | ntey | S-n |
bow (of a canoe) | biˑʼ | S-n |
bow the head in shame | sqʼenaneˑ | S-v |
bowstring | naLi | S-n |
box | baˑg | S-n |
box, to | se̲ktobga | See kt |
box canyon | ginYatbys | See gin |
boxer (fighter) | r̲e̲se̲ktobgys | See kt |
boy | čʼaˑg̣i | Sn |
boy (late teenage) | čʼilwi | S-n |
boy (teenage) | tsimʼang | Sv |
brace and bit | twᵛačʼiˑkʼoˑts | See twᵛ |
bracelet, wear | pipiˑkʼ | Sv |
brag | se̲lodadga | See lodadg; Also he̲sčaˑndgi; See čaˑn |
braggart (show-off) | qʼaǰičwʼačweˑʼ | S-n |
braid (a single braid), to | qbaqʼ | Sv |
braid (pl. braids), to | weqtʼ | Sv |
brain(s) | tʼapsniˑq | Sn |
brake | sʔiwllʼg̣oˑts | See sʔiwl |
branch | weq | Sn |
branch off | se̲tondg̣a | See ton |
brant (China brant) | lʼak | -Sn |
brant (sp.) | laˑLq | Sn |
brant (white brant) | waywʼ | S-n |
bread | baˑlʼaˑʼ | S-n |
bread (of cattail root flour) | slʼeps | S-n |
break a brittle obj. | pʼakʼ | +Sv |
break a brittle or flimsy obj. | čewi̲ʼ | -Sv |
break a surface | tewi̲ʼ | +Sv |
break a tooth | kʼatʼ | +Sv |
break in two (fracture) | qewi̲ʼ | +Sv |
break in two (sg.) | gattʼ | +Sv |
break in two (pl.) | golčʼ | -Sv |
break off relations with | weddoˑwi | Sv |
break the neck | kʼačʼ | -Sv |
breakfast, to | sniyeˑga | See sni |
breastbone (bird’s) | sʔoqoˑp | Sn |
breastbone (human) | sg̣očʼ | S-n |
breath | hoqn̲ys | See hoqn̲ |
breathe | hoqn̲ | Sv |
breathless, be | wʼičʼ | Sv |
bride (newly married girl) | sqabg | S-n |
bride payment | wg̣oˑwys | See wg̣oˑ |
bridge | slan̲kʼws | See slan̲ |
bright-colored, be | Wallwi | Sv |
bring a gift | se̲ʔidang̣a | See ʔi |
bringing | ebg | sv |
bringing and arriving | adbn̲ | sv |
bristle, to | skač | S-v |
brittle, be | lʼemʼ | Sv |
broil (fish, flat obj.) | nᵉalʼaˑlʼa | See nᵉ |
broil (piece of meat) | čʼlᵉalʼaˑlʼa | See čʼlᵉ |
bronco | tg̣aˑwʼ | S-n |
broom | wčʼloˑsqn̲oˑts | See čʼlos |
brother (man or woman’s younger brother) | tabyʼa̲b | See tabyʼ |
brother (man’s elder brother) | tg̣eˑwnʼa̲b | See tg̣eˑw |
brother (woman’s elder brother) | ʔaˑn | -S-n; Also kʼoˑn -S-n |
brother-in-law (man’s) | čog | -S-n; Also čʼig̣ -S-n |
brother-in-law (woman’s) | molg̣ | S-n |
brown, be | kaW | S-v; Also čʼis S-v; Also qʼaW S-v (?). |
bruise heavily | mʼoˑqʼ | Sv |
bruise lightly | mʼeˑqʼ | Sv |
brush (hair) | pčikʼ | S-v |
brush (pl. objs.) | Leˑ | -Sv |
brush (sg. or a few objs.) | Loˑ | -Sv |
bubble, to | qʼmolmʼolʼ | Sv |
bubble up | sčʼolʼ | Sv |
buck (horse) | stelʼal | S-v |
bucket | poqʼoˑ | Sn |
buckskin (cured) | mbaw | S-n |
buckskin (uncured) | qla | S-n |
bud (wokas), to | qʼambolwʼ | Sv |
buffalo | yohoˑ | Sn |
build a house | lačʼ | Sv |
bull | lidol | Sn |
bullet | kʼeys | See nkʼeysʔań̲ |
bullets (shot) | baLaˑ | S-n |
bullhead | kʼoččʼa | Sn |
bull-roarer | sqiˑwʼ | S-n |
bump against | hod̲tn̲lʼg̣a | See hod̲ |
bump with the buttocks | čoqtn̲lʼg̣a | See čʼoq |
bunch, act upon a | sči | S-v (cl.). |
burn, to | nᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
burn the tongue | tʼekʼ | Sv |
burrow | waˑs | See waˑ |
burst | bawi̲ʼ | +Sv |
bury | pʼnan̲ | Sv; Also womiˑ Sv |
bury (a corpse) | ʔilʼg̣a | See elʼg̣ |
bush: for various spp. see under “plant.” Bushes having commonly known English names will be found under those headings.bushes, in the | aqaˑyi̲ʼ | sv |
bushy, be | nǰel | S-v; Also čik S-v |
but (however) | dak | Srp |
butterfly (large sp.) | weq | -Sn |
butterfly (small sp.) | yᵛr̲é̲r̲baleˑʼs | See yᵛ |
buttocks | čʼey | Sn |
buttocks, act with the | čʼoq | S-v (cl.). |
buttocks, have the … in a position | hoq | S-v |
buttocks, on the | akʼy | sv |
button (gold army uniform button) | r̲r̲e̲spiyeˑgs | See spi |
button, to | lᵛtʼepkʼwa | See tʼepʼ |
buy | sgeʔ | Sv |
by the fire | elwy | sv; Also alʼaˑlʼ sv |
Ccache, to | wog̣ | Sv |
calf | keˑp | S-n |
calf (of the leg) | čʼolʔs | See čʼolʔ |
California quail | r̲r̲e̲sdᵛawlig̣s | See dᵛ |
call (ask someone to do) | satma̲ | Sv |
call (ask someone to go) | saMoˑ | S-v |
call (name) | ʔelg̣ | Sv |
call (shout) | nqen | Sv (cl.). |
calm, be | g̣em | S-v |
calm (quiet), be | tʼaˑm | S-v |
calve | keˑp̓aˑkʼ̓a̲la | See keˑp |
camas (death camas) | sgaw | Sn |
camas (edible) | bog̣s | See bog̣ |
camp (pack a load on the back), to | me | S-v |
camp, to | mak | S-v; Also sney S-v |
candy | r̲é̲r̲Loy̓s | See Loy̓ |
cane | heksg̣ | S-n; Also yaksa Sn |
cane (in a myth) | ʔiˑme | Sn |
canoe | wonǰ | Sn |
canoe, act upon a | sg̣ᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
canoe paddle | qčʼik | Sn |
canoe pole (steering paddle) | lqʼaq | Sn |
canteen | ʔambo čʼir̲yamnoˑts | See čʼi |
card game | ǰiˑǰiway | Sn |
cards (playing) | ligal | Sn |
care for (have regard for) | heˑwʼ | Sv |
care for (take care of) | beˑLi̲ʼ | +Sv |
carrot | baˑw | S-n |
carry in the mouth | qbᵛ | S-v (cl.).; Also qbi S-v (cl.). |
carry on a litter | liwaˑ | S-v |
carry someone on the shoulders | sčʼikʼwal | S-v |
carrying around | oyamn | sv |
carry-strap (for a pack basket) | stinLa̲s | See stin |
castrate | qdᵛolčʼa | See qdᵛ |
cat | pʼoˑs | S-n; Also pʼisʔ -S-n |
cataract in the eye, have | boqL | Sv |
catch (a thrown obj.) | qʼawʼ | Sv |
catch (hold, grasp, seize) | snʼog̣ | Sv |
caterpillar | wdoˑtg | S-n |
cat’s cradle, play | sag̣apǰol | S-v |
cat’s cradle figures: the following are the names of some of the common cat’s cradle figures.Coyote | wʼas | See wʼa |
Ghost’s-Cane | skoˑgsʔm heksg̣ys | See skoˑg and heksg̣ |
Little-Coyotes | r̲e̲wʼakʼa | See wʼa |
Magpie | r̲é̲r̲wʼig̣s | See wʼig̣ |
Sky | g̣aloˑ | See g̣aloˑ |
Squeezing-the-Anus | qʼiw qʼa čʼapʼs | See qʼiw |
Sun-Rises | sʔabas dinyg̣i | See sʔab and din |
Taking-the-Cradleboard-from-Each-Other | swʼenč se̲ʔᵛodg̣eˑʼs | See swʼenč and ʔᵛ |
Wolf | g̣ewčys | See g̣ewč |
Wood-Worker | ʔanko r̲r̲e̲sʔodtʼys | See ʔanko and sʔ |
sg̣ag̣als čʼopʼs | ||
cattail | pop | S-n |
cattail burr | wʼiˑWi | Sn |
cattail flour bread | slʼeps | S-n |
cattail root | qdog | S-n |
caulk | skʼačʼ | Sv; Also sničiˑkʼ Sv |
he̲s | pv; Also sne̲ pv | |
cave | g̣ome | Sn |
cedar (sp.) | wolwan | S-n |
celebrate | yeq | Sv |
celery (wild celery) | bočʼo | Sn |
center | datg̣lam | Sl |
center pole (of a winter house) | sdᵛodiˑls | See dᵛ |
chafe | wen̲ | Sv |
chair | čᵛawloˑts | See čᵛ |
chalk | lobg̣ | S-n |
change | g̣leg | Sv |
change (boy’s voice at puberty) | wag̣nʼ | Sv |
char, to | boˑsi̲ | -Sv |
charcoal | lkʼom | Sn |
chase, to | soˑ | S-v |
chatter (teeth) | kʼatʼ | +Sv |
cheat | sditg̣ | Sv |
cheek | patʼoˑ | Sn |
chest (body part) | wso | Sn |
chew | g̣wᵛokanga | See g̣wᵛ |
chewing up | ačʼeˑs | -Sv |
chick (newly hatched bird) | sqemqn̲wys | See sqem |
chickadee | čʼisg̣iˑg̣i | Sn |
chicken | ǰigin | Sn |
child | weˑʼ | S-n |
childless person | čʼido | Sn |
children | tʼaksni | -Sn |
chin | g̣eˑčʼo | Sn |
Chinese | ǰaˑnama | Sn |
chip, to | čeqʼ | -Sv |
chip off | qʼečʼ | -Sv |
chipmunk (sp.) | wasla | Sn |
choke (on a mouthful of food) | ntop | S-v |
choke (on something in the throat) | qliń̲ | Sv |
choke (strangle) | yᵛačqʼaˑqʼa | See yᵛ |
choke (strangle with the fingers) | čʼlᵉačqʼaˑqʼa | See čʼlᵉ |
chokecherry | dwičqʼs | See dwičqʼ |
chokecherry gum | walaˑg̣ | S-n |
chop | w | S-v (cl.). |
“chub” (fish): see “fish.”church | čečhaws | See čeč |
church camp | loˑLbgmksi | See loˑL |
cigarette | pʼag̣s | See pʼag̣ |
cinch (horse harness) | switʼls | See swᵛ |
circle, in a | akʼiˑmi̲ʼ | sv |
circle, into a | oqʼil | -Sv |
clam | g̣leˑčʼo | Sn |
clap the hands | qtʼaqʼ | Sv |
clavicle | nahkʼ | S-n |
claw | sdeg̣ | S-n |
clay (type) | sbaˑl | Sn |
clean (a fish) | wʼetʼdg̣a | See wʼetʼ |
clean off (chips) | qetʼ | -Sv |
clear, be | yal | S-v |
clear away (forest, brush) | qatʼ | |
clearing (open space) | saˑykʼa | Sn |
clench the teeth | se̲g̣wᵛačdang̣a | See g̣wᵛ |
click to a horse | kčʼiqʼ | Sv |
cliff | Wal | S-n |
climbing up | og̣n̲ | sv |
cling to | mʼiq | -Sv |
clinging vine (dependent person) | čʼlᵉmʼiqtn̲ys | See mʼiq; Also se̲ndokdgs; See ndok |
clitoris | siˑd | S-n |
clod | tʼoˑlg̣ | S-n |
close (near, short) | wikaˑ | Sl |
close (nearby) | syokʼaˑ | S-l |
close a door | kʼays | S-v |
close the eyes | qʼlamčʼ | Sv |
closing | akʼy | sv |
cloth | siˑl | Sn |
clothlike obj., act upon a | slᵉ | S-v (cl.). |
clothlike surface, act upon a | hiw | S-v |
clothe | lwᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
clothing | se̲lwᵛotn̲ys | See lwᵛ |
cloud | pʼayss | See pʼays |
cloud (from which streamers of mist hang down) | lmen̲ysʔm lag̣ | See lmen̲ and lag̣ |
cloudy, be | pʼays | Sv |
club (weapon) | stoˑbgs | See stoˑbg |
clumsy, be | Ločʼ | Sv |
coals | lkʼom | Sn |
coals, on the | aps | sv |
coat | gabo | Sn |
coccyx | qodo | Sn |
coffee | koˑbi | Sn |
cohabit | mboseˑlʼ | Sv |
coil (rope) | spᵛqʼoli̲ʼlʼg̣a | See qʼoli̲ʼ |
coil up (snake) | čqʼaˑlʼ | -Sv |
coitus, have | sʔin | Sv |
coitus from behind, have | nʼeˑslʼ | Sv |
cold (catarrh), have | snʼewLi | Sv |
cold (person), be | g̣atdkʼ | Sv |
cold (weather, liquid), be | čkʼaˑW | Sv |
collander | sčiqn̲oˑts | See sči |
ʔm | sn | |
collide | se̲hod̲dang̣a | See hod̲; See also “bump.” |
colt | tg̣aˑwʼkʼa | See tg̣aˑwʼ |
comb, to | slᵛčiˑqʼa | See slᵛ |
come | gᵛebga | See gᵛ and ebg |
coming | ebg | sv |
coming for a purpose | olgi | sv |
coming home | adbn̲ | sv |
command (message) | noˑkangs | See noˑ |
command, to | tbeˑw | Sv |
competition, in a | eˑʼ | sv |
complain | soˑwi | Sv |
completely | bil | Sre |
completely, do | čapg | -Sv |
completing | oˑl | sv |
concealing | ayahʔ | sv |
conceited, be | stosq | Sv |
if | heˑ | Srp |
cone (of bark: treatment for arthritis or rheumatism) | se̲kʼlᵛikLs | See kʼlᵛ |
confused, be | loˑwkanga | See loˑw |
confused (rattled), be | bem̓ | Sv |
consider someone unable | čʼoy | Sv |
constellation: the following are the names of constellations:Children | r̲r̲e̲ntʼaksni | See tʼaksni |
String-of-Fish | slogs | See slog |
Wiyaˑ’s-Bow | wiyaˑlm nteys; See wiyaˑ (meaning unknown). | |
constipated, be | wgipʼ | Sv |
container | waˑg̣ogs | See waˑ |
container, into a | ig̣og | sv; Also iwyʼg̣ sv |
container, out of a | odg | sv; Also oyg̣ag sv |
converse | hasaswaˑkʼy | Sv; Also Waldga; See Wal |
cook (mustard seeds) | ʔᵛewa | See ʔᵛ |
cook, to | snoˑg̣ | See noˑg̣ |
cooked, be | noˑg̣ | Sv |
cooking rock | mba | S-n |
cool (by blowing on) | snog | Sv |
Coos Bay people | haˑniˑ | S-n |
cord in the neck | twinwan | Sn |
core | loˑq | Sn |
corn (maize) | ʔisalqʼi | Sn |
corner, in a | akʼčʼwy | sv |
cornered, be | ʔir̲r̲é̲wnʼa̲a | See awnʼa̲ |
corpse | g̣legdk | See g̣leg |
corpses | čʼoˑqʼdk | See čʼoˑqʼ |
cottonwood tree | wlal | Sn |
cough, to | ʔoqsoʼ | Sv |
count, to | sʔedw | Sv |
cousin | ʔomǰ | -S-n |
cousin (female) | qʼaˑǰ | - S-n; Also naˑn -S-n |
cousin (male, said by a younger male) | tg̣eˑwnʼa̲b | See tg̣eˑw |
cousin (mother’s younger brother’s child, said by a male) | čog | -S-n |
cousin (woman’s elder female cousin) | tʼaˑl | -S-n |
cover (and squash) | čʼiqʼ | -Sv sv |
cover (with a lid) | wtʼamʼ | Sv |
cover, to | wal | S-v sv; Also tʼačʼ -Sv |
covet | loˑčwʼ | Sv |
cow | mos | -Sn |
coward | r̲e̲sinʼamstn̲ys | See sinʼams; Also r̲e̲wosys; See wos |
cowboy | tg̣aˑwʼs r̲e̲čᵛikLys | See tg̣aˑwʼ and čᵛ |
coyote | wʼa | S-n; Also kʼolyʼaˑ Sn |
coyote (sp.) | wʼas paLlʼg̣s | See paL |
coyote (sp.?) | kʼwatag | S-n |
crack, to | bawi̲ʼ | +Sv |
cradleboard | swʼenč | Sn |
cradleboard hoop | sčʼisliˑgs | See čʼis |
cradleboard sunshade | sčʼisLa̲ys | See čʼis |
cramp (in the leg), have | čʼolʔ | Sv |
cramp (in the stomach), have | hoyʔakčʼ | Sv |
cramp (kink), have | lg̣eˑy | S-v |
cramp (knotting up of a muscle) | stiˑqʼ | Sv |
crane (blue crane) | sʔoˑg̣ | S-n |
crane (sandhill crane) | qʼlidiˑ | S-n |
crane (white crane) | kowaˑ | Sn |
crane a look | tʼwekʼ | Sv |
Crater Lake | giˑw | S-n |
crave | baˑg̣ | Sv |
crawfish | g̣oyʼa | Sn |
crawl | kčʼi | S-v |
crawl (snake) | skin | S-v |
crawl under headfirst | g̣oˑdiˑla | See g̣oˑ; Also g̣oˑtʼaqʼtn̲a |
crazy, be | čʼawʼig | Sv |
cremate | lolog̣sʼa̲la | See lolog̣ |
cricket | dlol | Sn |
crops | he̲swaˑs | See waˑ |
cross the legs | se̲ʔᵛawlyeˑga | See ʔᵛ |
cross-eyed, be | mbely | Sv |
crouch | kʼnoqʼ | S-v |
crouch (stoop down) | paL | S-v; Also čʼinlʼg̣a; See čʼin |
crow | g̣aˑg | Sn |
crow, to | pakʼ | Sv |
crown of the head | nqʼaq | Sn |
crumble up (as a clod, ice) | čoyi̲ʼ | +Sv |
crumble up (small objs.) | toyi̲ʼ | +Sv |
crumple up | qoli̲ʼ | -Sv |
crush | čʼiqʼ | -Sv sv |
crush into shape | pʼosqʼ | -Sv |
crust (on snow) | bayL | S-n |
crutch | se̲kᵛiwčnʼoˑts | See kᵛ |
cry (from fright) | ʔesnkʼ | Sv |
cry (weep) | swaqč | Sv; Also ʔamna S-v |
cry (whine like a baby) | mʼeˑqʼy | Sv |
cry, make someone | sʔaˑʼ | Sv |
cry over something (“take very hard”) | lowatbislʼ | Sv (?). |
cuckold | spondg̣a | See spon; See also “adultery, commit.” |
cup | kap | Sn |
curl, to | qʼoli̲ʼ | -Sv |
curl up | qpʼalʼ | Sv |
currant | čʼomsqʼ | S-n |
curse (lay a spell on) | tawy | Sv |
curse (swear at) | laˑm | Sv |
cut, to | qdᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
cut hair | yʼoqʼ | -Sv |
cut in strips | čayi̲ʼ | +Sv |
cut off a sg. obj. | kʼal̓ | -Sv sv; Also gattʼ +Sv |
cut off pl. objs. | golčʼ | -Sv |
cut off the head | kʼačʼ | -Sv |
cut open a bulbous round obj. | titʼ | +Sv; Also aLaˑsg̣n̲ sv |
cute, be | g̣ag̣l | S-v |
Ddab (sprinkle) | čʼečʼ | -Sv |
dam | ʔᵛodiˑlks | See ʔᵛ |
dam (fish dam) | čᵛabaˑyi̲ʼkʼys | See čᵛ |
dam, to | sdᵛakʼya | See sdᵛ; Also sdᵛayʼaˑYa; See sdᵛ |
damage around the edges | pʼetʼ | -Sv |
damp, be | tkʼaˑw | S-v |
damp (wet), be | mʼoqʼaLtʼ | Sv |
dance, to | ksiw | S-v |
dance (ceremonial dance), to | waˑL | Sv |
dance (scalp dance), to | saˑč | Sv |
dance (war dance), to | niklap | S-v |
dandruff | pʼoqang | S-n |
danger | ǰiǰiˑk | S-n |
dangerous | wosaspči | See wos |
dappled, be | ltoˑqʼ | Sv |
dare, to | deyoˑw | Sv; Also haskiˑng S-v |
dark, be | čʼmog | Sv; Also sponneˑga; See spon |
darkness | čʼmogs | See čʼmog |
darling | he̲sanʼaˑWawlis | See sanʼaˑWawli |
daughter | eˑ | -S-n |
daughter-in-law | tod | -S-n |
daughter-in-law (woman newly married and living with her in-laws) | tʼeynniwaˑs | See tʼeyn |
dawn, to | beqʼ | S-v |
day, be | wayt | Sv |
daydream, to | diwiˑs mpetʼčnʼa | See mpetʼ |
daytime | pse | Sn |
dead.; See “die.”dead fish | čʼalw | S-n |
deaf, be | nčoqʼ | Sv |
death camas | sgaw | Sn |
decay (rust, rot) | slʼeqʼ | Sv |
decay (spoil, sour, rot) | ntʼopʼ | Sv |
ʔa | Srp | |
deep (wide, tall, far) | ʔaˑdiˑ | Sl sr |
deep, be | ʔeˑWi̲ | Sv |
deep into | oteˑg | sv |
deer | lilhang | S-n; Also maˑwič Sn |
deer (black-tailed deer) | mos | -Sn |
deer (muledeer) | baˑg̣oˑl | S-n |
deer (red deer) | swayʼ | Sn |
deer-hoof rattle | sr̲e̲r̲čaqʼoˑts | See čaqʼ |
defecate | sqʼeń̲ | Sv |
defecate (have a loose motion) | ntitʼlʼg̣a | See titʼ |
delouse | dmᵛkʼačʼa | See dmᵛ |
n | sd | |
den | waˑs | See waˑ |
dent | pʼečʼaqʼ | -Sv |
dentalium | tʼolalwʼ | S-n |
deny saqamk. | Sv | |
depend upon | dal̓tn̲bga | See dal̓; Also sadamniˑlg̣ Sv (?). |
desert, to | gᵛoliˑna | See gᵛ |
design, make | somʼalwʼ | Sv |
destroy | swʼeng | Sv |
dew | čʼidgs | See čʼi |
dewclaw | se̲daqčoˑts | See daqč |
devil | monaˑdalʼkniˑ | See monaˑ |
diagonally against | abaˑyi̲ʼ | sv |
diaphragm | pʼaw | S-n |
diarrhea, have | gᵛoditgoˑla | See gᵛ |
die (pl.) | čʼoˑqʼ | Sv |
die (sg.) | g̣leg | Sv |
die (slang) | g̣aliˑn | Sv |
different kinds, ways | ʔoʔoˑʔaq | Sra |
differently | wenniˑ | Sra |
difficult, be | qwaˑtʼ | Sv |
dig (a hole) | yebn̲ | Sv |
dig (a row, furrow) | tʼoyi̲ʼ | +Sv |
dig (a tunnel) | dmᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
dig (a well) | sʔilg | Sv |
dig (roots) mey, | Sv | |
digging stick | ʔamda | Sn; Also yoqma Sn |
ʼaˑkʼ | sn sa | |
dip, to | sdin | S-v |
dip net | sdinyeˑgoˑts | See sdin |
dirt | g̣eˑla | Sn |
dirty, be | qʼaqneˑg | Sv |
disappointed, be | dat gikanga | See gi |
discontented, be | čʼiyoˑlʼ | Sv |
disgusted with, be | qʼoˑy̓ | Sv |
dish, be a | sapL | Sv |
dishevel | kʼoˑs | -Sv |
dishpan | sdipnks | See sdipn |
dislike, to | mʼočkʼ | Sv |
disparage | sg̣aˑm | Sv |
dispersed | aywwi | sv |
dissatisfied, make someone | sne̲leˑgdgi | See leg |
distribute | ʔeˑtʼ | Sv |
r̲e̲ | sv sn sd sa sl sr | |
disturb (a sleeping person) | snomčakL | Sv |
ditch | g̣og̣ea̲ls | See g̣og̣e |
dive, to | ban | Sv |
dividing | edg̣ | sv |
divorce, to | se̲g̣lewy | See g̣lewy |
dizzy, be | lem̓ | Sv |
do (make, work) | sʔ | S-v (cl.). |
do transitively (?) | odtʼ | -Sv |
do what the preceding noun says | ʼa̲l | sv sn |
doctor (shaman) | qyog̣ | S-n |
doctor (white man’s doctor) | daˑkda | Sn; Also yawg̣smeˑn; See yawg̣ and meˑn |
doctor someone (as a shaman does) | čᵛotn̲a | See čᵛ |
doe | golo | Sn |
dog | wač̓aˑkʼ | See wač |
doing repeatedly in the air | eˑqʼ | sv |
doll, play with a | ʔamʔ | Sv |
dollar | daˑla | Sn |
door | kʼaystn̲ys | See kʼays |
door, in the | eqʼy | sv |
door, just outside the | atʼiˑt | sv |
dote on | ndok | S-v |
double up a fist | qpʼalʼ | Sv |
doughy, be | lʼabkʼ | +Sv |
dove | ʔoˑlʼ | S-n |
down a hill | atqʼaps | sv; Also eqweˑL sv |
down from a height | odg̣i | sv; Also atqʼaps sv |
down off | oˑli | sv |
down on top of | eLWn̲ | sv |
down to the earth | elʼg̣ | sv |
downstream | obln̲ | sv |
drag, to | spi | S-v (cl.). |
drag, to | sbᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
drag a heavy obj. | tʼoyi̲ʼ | +Sv |
dragonfly | qoqding | S-n |
drape over | lmoˑl | S-v |
draping off the edge | owʼeˑtʼ | sv |
drawers (woman’s) | qaL | S-n |
dread, to | niˑqʼa | S-v |
dream, see in a | tʼn̲ | sv |
dream, to | dodiˑqʼ | Sv |
dress (clothe) | lwᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
dress, wear a | g̣og̣ | Sv |
dried fish | qaml | S-n |
drink, to | bonw | Sv |
drip, to | di | S-v (cl.).; Also nčikʼ S-v; Also ntiqʼ S-v |
drive (a stake) | hon | S-v |
drive (animals) | tpo | S-v; Also niw S-v |
drive (automobile, wagon) | lᵛor̲yamna | See lᵛ; Also sdilnčnʼa; See sdiln |
drive (fish into a net) | ksᵛiwLa̲a | See ksᵛ |
drop (let fall) | debl | S-v; Also see “fall.” |
drop off (as a ripe berry) | sčoqʼy | S-v; Also qam S-v |
drum | bam | -Sn |
drumstick | r̲é̲r̲bam wotn̲nʼoˑts | See bam and w |
drunk, be | lʔeg | Sv |
dry, to | bah | Sv |
dry fish | qamls̓a̲la | See qaml |
dry up | pal | Sv |
dry up (as a drought) | mpʼaqʼ | Sv |
drying rack | sčokʼlʼg̣s | See sčokʼ; Also sbahoˑts; See bah |
yʼa | Sre | |
duck (blackjack duck) | sney | S-n |
duck (butterball duck) | r̲r̲e̲mpʼaqtn̲ys | See mpʼaq |
duck (canvasback duck) | g̣olaˑ | Sn |
duck (diver duck) | qʼiliˑǰig | S-n |
duck (diving duck) | kokaswʼa | Sn |
duck (fish duck) | ǰig | -S-n |
duck (fish duck) | ǰaqno | S-n |
duck (mallard duck) | Weˑg̣ | S-n |
duck (pintail duck) | golg | S-n |
duck (red duck) | wiʔam | Sn |
duck (sp.) | Weˑg̣sginʼa | See Weˑg̣ and ginʼa |
duck (spoonbill duck) | g̣ononoˑʼ | S-n |
duck (whistler duck) | dodod | S-n |
duck (wood duck) | čʼawlaˑk | S-n |
duckling | doydi | Sn |
duckling (just hatched) | swʼiˑg | S-n |
dumpling | r̲e̲qʼayʼeʼaˑkʼ | See qʼayʼe |
obg | sv | |
during | i | sv |
dust | nkililkʼs | See nkililkʼ |
dusty, be | nkililkʼ | Sv; Also boqʼ Sv |
dwarf (midget), be | skʼič | S-v |
dwarf (race of trolls) | gagaˑnʼa | Sn |
dwelling | čiˑs | See čiˑ |
dye (with rotten wood dye) | smoloʼa̲la | See molo |
dye, to | sne̲lᵛewa | See lᵛ |
eagle (bald eagle) | yawqʼl | Sn |
eagle (golden eagle) | blaywaˑs | See blay and waˑ |
ear | momʼoˑwč | Sn; Also wʼawʼaˑq S-n |
early | ʔonaˑ | Srt |
earn money | daˑlaa̲la | See daˑla |
earring | hastamn | S-n |
earth | g̣eˑla | Sn |
earth, down to the | elʼg̣ | sv |
earth to sky, from | kʼačʼ | -Sv (?). |
earthquake, have | g̣eˑla sikʼdgi | See sikʼ |
earwax | dodoˑq | S-n |
East | lobytdalʼ | See loby |
eat | pʼań̲ | sv |
eat (a bird embryo) | Loˑčʼ | Sv |
eat (breakfast, snack) | sni | S-v (cl.). |
eat (mustard seed gravy) | čʼipʼ | Sv |
eat (roe, fish eggs) | Loqʼ | |
eat (soup) | Loˑb̓ | Sv |
eat (roasted bird skin) | čʼelg | Sv |
eat (tules) | ltew | Sv |
eat up | wotʼ | Sv |
eat with | he̲snᵉedg̣a | See nᵉ |
eavesdrop | mačaˑdiˑla | See mačaˑ |
echo, to | pʼaq | -Sv |
eclipse, have | /loq ʔa slʼog̣iˑ sʔabasas./ | See slʼᵛ |
edge, along a twisting | alYn̲ | sv |
edge, along the | elwy | sv; Also aliˑg sv |
edge, around the | akʼiˑmi̲ʼ | sv |
edge, damage the | pʼetʼ | +Sv |
edge, off the | oliˑn | sv; Also owʼeˑtʼ sv |
edge, on the | oliˑn | sv; Also oykiˑn sv |
edge, on the very | eliˑw | sv |
edge, over the | owʼeˑtʼ | sv |
edge, to the | oykiˑn | sv |
edge (shore), to the | abaˑtn̲ | sv |
eel | g̣awi | Sn |
egg | napl | Sn |
eight | ndanksept | See ndan and ksept |
eighteen | tewnʼip̓ant ndanksept | See tewnip and ndan |
eighty | ndankseptnʼi tewnʼip | See ndan and tewnʼip |
either | wag̣eˑnha | Srp |
elbow | se̲ltʼoqʼkʼys | See ltʼoqʼ |
elbow, act with the | tqiq | S-v (cl.). |
elbow-fight, to | he̲stqitʼčʼa | See tqiq |
elder | tg̣eˑw | Sn |
elderberry | slʼoˑlwʼsʔm | slʼoˑlwʼ; See slʼoˑlwʼ |
eleven | tewnʼip̓ant Naˑs | See tewnʼip and Naˑs |
elk | won | Sn |
embrace, to | pewqʼy | Sv |
embracing | akyamn | sv |
embryo (bird) | Loˑčʼs | See Loˑčʼ |
embryo (duck) | bolʼoˑq | S-n |
emphasize a point | sdal̓tn̲a | See dal̓ |
hak | Sre | |
empty, be | ʔewʼn̲oˑla | See ʔewʼn̲ |
empty-handed, be | le dwaˑ gi | See le |
enamored, be | wičʼtn̲a | See wičʼ; Also ldokw Sv |
end, on the | awʼaˑlʼ | sv |
end (point), on the | amʼaˑčʼ | sv |
end, to the | abaˑni | sv |
endure | sikʼnam | S-v |
enlarge a hole | pʼetʼ | +Sv |
enough | sibač | Sv |
enslave (pl.) | r̲e̲lowags̓a̲la | See loˑg |
enslave (sg.) | loˑgs̓a̲la | See loˑg |
entrails (intestines) | qʼayʼe | Sn |
entrails (lights) | ǰilaˑʼ | S-n |
entrails (fish) | smʼoling | S-n |
erection, have | qniyʼ | Sv |
escape | wibg | Sv |
escaping | oykag | sv |
even (any) | gin | Sre |
even (even though) | maˑms | Srp |
evening | qi | S-n |
evening, in the | litg̣i | Srt |
ever | dadaˑ | Sri |
every | naˑnok | Sa |
everything | naˑnokdwaˑ | See naˑnok and dwaˑ |
evilly | qʼoy | Sra |
examine | swᵉotn̲nʼa | See swᵉ |
exasperated, be | nčeg̣i | Sv |
excrement | sqʼeń̲s | See sqeń̲ |
explain | heseˑks | Sv |
extend in a grove | witʼ | S-v |
extend in a line | waˑm | S-v (cl.).; Also lčʼi S-v |
extend out into a plain | wqiw | Sv sv |
extend to a point | stak | S-v |
extinguish a fire | sipč | Sv |
eye | lolb | Sn |
eye, injure the | čʼiwʼ | -Sv |
eye, put out the | pʼačʼ | +Sv sv |
eye mucus | wawʼaˑk | S-n |
eyebrow | snʼeklʼ | S-n |
eyelash(es) | sg̣apčʼleˑlʼeˑg | S-n; Also sg̣emʼin S-n |
face | delʔn̲ | Sv |
face, act on the | pʼeqʼ | +Sv sv |
fade (turn white) | baˑldgi | See bal |
fade away (sound) | qmeˑs | S-v |
fall (a load, mass of objs.) | wʼetʼ | S-v |
fall (pl. objs.) | he | S-v |
fall (season) | sʔaLm | Sn |
fall (sg.) | ntʼiw | S-v; Also w S-v (cl.). |
fall (tree) | hin | S-v |
fall headfirst | dᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
fall out (tooth) | kʼatʼ | +Sv |
fan, to | wLiw | S-v |
fang | g̣wᵛoga̲oˑts | See g̣wᵛ |
far (deep, wide, tall) | ʔaˑdiˑ | Sl sr |
fart, to | skiy̓ | Sv |
fast (go hungry) | sdaˑw | Sv |
fast (quickly) | g̣illi̲ʼank | See g̣illi̲ʼ |
fast (soon) | balaq | Srt |
fat | blo | Sn |
fat, be | bliń̲ | |
father | tis | -S-n |
father-in-law (woman’s) | qoˑsbgs | See qoˑs |
fawn | wilʼe | Sn; Also ʔank Sn |
fear (be scared, startled) | toqʼ | Sv |
fear (be terrified) | sinʼams | S-v |
fear (dread) | niˑqʼa | S-v |
fear, to | wos | Sv |
fear a bogeyman | qoˑʼ | Sv |
fear a ghost | skoˑg | Sv |
feather, to | Lań̲ | Sv |
feed baby birds | dew | S-v |
feel (intuit) | se̲mčelg̣a | See mčelg̣ |
feel (think) | hosʔ | Sv |
feel around | aws | -Sv |
feeling like | nʼapg | sv |
feet, act with the | yᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
feet, under the | anasg̣ | sv |
female genitals, on the | ew | sv |
female quadruped or bird | golo | Sn |
fence | waqlʼaq | Sn; Also qčing S-n |
fester | čʼilʼg̣a | See čʼi |
few | kʼinkʼ | Sa |
feverish, feel | tʼekʼ | Sv |
fieldmouse | msa | S-n |
fifteen | tewnʼip̓ant tonʼip | See tewnʼip and tonʼip |
fifty | tonʼipnʼi tewnʼip | See tonʼip and tewnʼip |
fifty cent piece | Naykstʼa | See Nay |
fight, to | r̲e̲siwga | See siwg |
file (tool) | ʔᵛqʼečʼs | See qʼečʼ |
fill, to | sne̲ʔeˑwʼn̲a | See ʔewʼn̲; Also sdaˑ gi; See sdaˑ |
filled with pus, be | mʼolʼ | Sv |
fillet of a fish | sʔaliˑn | S-n |
fin | qiˑč | S-n |
finally | tabyʼg̣eˑni | See tabyʼ |
find, to | gawʼl | Sv |
finger | lg̣awʼaˑwʼalʼ | S-n |
finger, act with a | sqol | S-v |
fingernail | sdeg̣ | S-n |
fingernails, act with the | čʼlᵉ | S-v (cl.). |
finish, to | woN | Sv |
finishing | oˑl | sv; Also elʼg̣ sv |
fir tree (sp.) | čʼibqʼs | See čʼi |
fir tree (sp.) | slaˑl | Sn |
fir tree (sp.) | wonǰm | See wonǰ |
fir tree (sp.—or possibly yellow pine) | liwl | -S-n |
fire | lolog̣ | S-n |
fire, act on a | kʼlᵛ | S-v (cl.).; Also slʼᵛ S-v (cl.). |
fire, by the | elwy | sv |
fire, into the | alʼaˑlʼ | sv |
fire, on a | kslʼ | sv |
fire, out of a | oykiˑn | sv |
fire (a weapon) once | dewy | Sv |
fire (a weapon) pl. times | yʼoˑ | S-v (cl.). |
fire-drill, use | slikw | Sv |
firefly | čoˑq | Sn |
first | loby | Sl Sr |
first (before some other action) | wʼeˑ | Sre |
fish | kyem | Sn |
fish: the following are the names of fish which have no commonly known English name or which were unidentifiable. The informants classified these roughly into “gudgeons,” “mullets,” “suckers,” and miscellaneous. Unfamiliarity with marine biology renders this list open to error.gudgeons (also called “chubs”)gudgeon (called a “gudgeon” by Gatschet and a “bullhead” by the informants) | kʼoččʼa | Sn |
gudgeon (large sp.) | qčʼiˑwʼ | S-n |
gudgeon (sp.) | ndiˑlʼ | S-n |
gudgeon (sp. called a “minnow” by the informants) | qʼodag | S-n |
gudgeon (sp. called a “sunfish” by LK) | tʼeˑba | Sn |
mulletsmullet (sp.) | čʼwaˑm | Sn |
mullet (sp.) | histʼy | S-n |
mullet (sp.) | qʼapdo | Sn |
mullet (sp.) | tlag̣ | S-n |
mullet (sp.) | yeˑn | Sn |
suckerssucker (biggest sp.) | čʼom | S-n |
sucker (sp.) | saqda | Sn |
sucker (sp.) | wčʼag | S-n |
fish names (continued)miscellaneoussp. of large minnow | sawaˑ | S-n |
small sp. | čawʼ | S-n |
small sp. of minnow | wnay | Sn |
fish (dried) | qaml | S-n |
fish bladder or intestines | smʼoling | S-n |
fish dam | čᵛabaˑyi̲ʼkʼys | See čᵛ |
fish scraps | noˑg̣sʔm | See noˑg̣ |
fish spear | stʼakwʼ | S-n |
fish spear (pronged) | qalʼg̣s | See qa |
fish by torchlight | kʼlᵛočʼwa | See kʼlᵛ; Also slʼᵛočʼwa; See slʼᵛ |
fish with a hook and line | swʼᵛewa | See swʼᵛ |
fish with a net | deklʼg̣a | See dek |
fish with a trolling line | spiwa | See spi |
fisher (animal) | wʼalqʼačga | Sn |
fishhook | lᵛodg̣is | See lᵛ; Also knewoˑts; See knew |
fishing spot | dᵉlodiˑlks | See dᵉl |
fishline | swʼᵛews | See swʼᵛ |
fishline (trolling line) | spiwoˑts | See spi |
fishnet | wičʼoˑL | S-n |
fishnet (netting) | layg̣ | S-n |
fishnet (or fishtrap?) | wlo | Sn |
fishpole | swʼᵛewoˑts | See swʼᵛ; Also wqa Sn |
fist, make a | slapstʼ | Sv |
fit, to | sibač | Sv |
five | tonʼip | Sa |
five cent piece | he̲sne̲r̲é̲ˑr̲bem̓s | See bem̓ |
five plus the preceding number | ksept | -Sa |
flabby, be | tʼosqʼ | Sv |
flap (flutter) | bal | -Sv |
flap (wings) | wqapqʼ | Sv |
flap, to | Lapʼ | Sv |
flare up (fire) | hebl | -Sv |
flat, be | Lepʼ | Sv |
flat obj., act upon a | nᵉ | S-v (cl.) |
flat on top, be | tʼoM̓ | Sv |
flat place, in a | ew | sv |
flea | kʼotʼ | S-n |
flee | qeˑq | S-v |
flicker (as a fire from afar) | liw̓ | Sv |
flicker (bird) | newlʼinč | Sn |
flicker (twinkle, glitter) | lʼeqʼ | Sv |
flint | mbosag | S-n |
float (pl.) | lmeˑy | S-v |
float (sg.) | mpetʼ | S-v |
flood, to | sčʼiyeˑga | See čʼi |
flop, to | Witʼ | Sv |
flour | baˑlʼaˑʼ | S-n |
flow (drip) | di | S-v (cl.). |
flow, to | ntol | S-v |
flower | leˑw | -S-n |
flute, play | slʼoˑlwʼ | Sv |
flutter | bal | -Sv |
fly (housefly) | mang̣ | Sn |
fly, to | hon | S-v |
foal, to | tg̣aˑwʼkʼaa̲la | See tg̣aˑwʼ |
foam, to | soˑqʼoˑng | Sv |
fog | loˑws | See loˑw |
foggy, be | loˑw | Sv |
fold, to | qʼalʼ | -Sv |
follow | saq | -Sv |
follow a leader | wlan | S-v |
food | pʼań̲s | See pʼań̲ |
foot | peč | Sn S-v |
foot, act with the | peč | Sn S-v; Also yᵛ S-v (cl.). |
foot rags | pʼiwg̣ | S-n |
footprint | pečlʼg̣Wiˑs | See peč |
for a long time | maˑns | Srt |
for fun | eˑʼ | sv |
for the sake of | iˑ | sv |
forbid | hiwsg | Sv |
forbid (warn) | r̲e̲woytn̲bga | See woy |
ford | gᵛakʼwkʼys | See gᵛ; Also r̲e̲he̲sbankʼwks; See ban |
forehead | lakʼiˑ | Sn |
forehead, on the | aliˑg | sv |
foresee in a dream | dodiˑqʼlʼg̣a | See dodiˑqʼ |
forever | čʼosni | See čʼosak |
forget | yʼaM | S-v |
fork (eating utensil) | se̲kᵛiwdg̣nʼoˑts | See kᵛ |
fornicate | sʔin̲ | Sv |
fornicate (woman) | se̲dᵛewlʼg̣a | See dᵛ |
Fort Klamath | ʔiWqʼaˑqʼ | See ʔiW |
forty | wonibnʼi tewnʼip | See woniˑb and tewnʼip |
forward and backward | ačʼwa̲ | sv |
fountain | r̲e̲bonwks | See bonw |
four | woniˑb | Sa |
fourteen | tewnʼip̓ant woniˑb | See tewnʼip and woniˑb |
fox (red fox) | wʼan | Sn |
fox (silver fox) | hey | -Sn |
fox (sp. of red fox) | wʼan peˑtʼs | See wʼan |
fracture, to | qewi̲ʼ | +Sv |
fragile, be | lʼem̓ | Sv |
frame (for stretching hides) | waktn̲oˑts | See wak |
frame (wall frame for a summer house) | sg̣ačoˑ | S-n |
freckle-faced | wčʼeˑčʼr̲bqʼdk | See čʼečʼ |
freeze | ʔeww | Sv |
freeze (hands, ears, cheeks) | ndočʼ | Sv |
freshly | nčalq | Sra |
Friday | tonʼipnʼiks | See tonʼip; Also tonʼipnʼi; See tonʼip |
friend | se̲ʼwaLineˑʼs | See waLin |
friends with, be | waLin | S-v (?). |
frighten | sne̲wosa | See wos |
frighten (scare, startle) | he̲stoqʼa | See toqʼ |
fringe, to | wbe | S-v |
frog | kowʼe | Sn |
frog (small sp.) | weg̣etʼ | S-n |
frog (tree frog) | yʼaynʼatiˑ weg̣etʼs | See yʼaynʼa and weg̣etʼ |
from | kniˑ | sn sp sd sa sl |
from earth to sky | kʼačʼ | -Sv |
from hand to hand | awaw | sv |
from house to house | attal | sv |
from person to person | awaw | sv |
front, in | lobytant | See loby; Also ayʼaˑY sv |
frost, to | sgomL | Sv |
frostbitten, be | non | S-v |
frown, to | sčilikʼa̲ | Sv |
fry | sničiˑqʼ | Sv |
frying pan | lebwin | Sn |
full | sdaˑ | Sra |
full, be | ʔewʼn̲ | Sv |
full load, on top of a | aptneˑg̣i | sv |
fumble, to | Ločʼ | Sv |
fun | le domns | See le and domn |
fungus (shelf-shaped tree fungus) | mokʼsʔm sniˑg̣̓s | See mokʼ and sniˑg̣̓ |
funny | wetn̲yspči | See wetn̲ |
fur | niˑl | Sn |
wabg | sv | |
fuzzy (soft), be | mʼog̓ | Sv |
fuzzy (prickly), be | Lopʼ | +Sv |
gallop | waqsi̲ʼ | Sv |
gamble | sakl̓ | Sv |
game of needle and ball | sokʼokkʼo | S-n |
garlic | qʼoy r̲e̲bilwieˑʼs | See bilwi |
garment, act upon a | slᵉ | S-v (cl.). |
gash, to | čayi̲ʼ | +Sv |
gasp (belch) | mpakʼ | Sv Or mpʼaqʼaˑ S-v |
gather food | stayLa̲ | Sv |
gather together | oˑlgi | -Sv |
geestring | se̲nᵉayʼasg̣as | See ayʼasg̣ |
genitals (female), on the | ew | sv |
genitals (male), on the | ayʼasg̣ | sv |
germ (?) | memyeˑk | Sn |
gesture “inside” in the hand game (indicating that the marked bones are in the pattern oxxo) | yʼoˑsg̣n̲a | See yʼoˑ |
gesture “inside-outside” in the handgame (indicating that the marked bones are in the pattern xoxo or oxox, depending upon the direction of the hand-gesture). | woy | S-n |
gesture “outside” in the hand game (indicating that the marked bones are in the pattern xoox) | sg̣ečʼn̲a | See sg̣e |
get (obtain) | snʼog̣ | Sv |
get up out of bed | ba | S-v |
getting (obtaining) | oga̲ | -Sv |
getting up | adgl | sv |
ghost | skoˑgs | See skoˑg |
gift, give a | ktʼo | S-v |
gifts to the groom at a marriage | ʔiwys | See ew |
gills | sqʼayʼe | Sn |
girl | snʼeweˑčʼkʼa | See snʼeweˑčʼ |
girl (little) | nʼisq | S-n |
girl (teenage) | siww | S-n |
girls | weˑwʼanwyˑkʼ | See weˑwʼanʼ |
glass | widaˑl | Sn |
girth (horse harness) | switʼloˑts | See swᵛ |
give (pl. objs.) | sʔewanʔ | Sv |
give a gift | ktʼo | S-v |
giving a single obj. | oy | sv |
gizzard | mpetʼlʼg̣s | See mpetʼ |
glad, be | qʼoyseˑwi̲ʼ | Sv |
glance, to | qʼliq | S-v |
glare, to | qil̓ | Sv |
glitter, to | lʼeqʼ | Sv |
gloomy, be | yaˑnWa̓ | Sv |
glove, wear | nʼepeˑʼa | See eˑʼ |
glow, to | kčal | S-v |
glued, be | ntʼakʼ | S-v |
gluttonous, be | wneq | Sv |
gnat(s) | qʼotpʼ | S-n |
go | gᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
go (flock, herd) | čᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
go (school of fish) | tʼoy | S-v |
go backwards | sg̣e | S-v |
go hand in hand | či | S-v |
go in a group | wlan | S-v |
go to Spirit-land | noˑ | S-v |
go out (fire) | bičg | Sv |
goat | goˑt | Sn |
God | blaydalʼkniˑ | See blay |
going toward | eliˑ | sv |
good | dičʼiˑ | See dičʼ |
goodbye, say | sʔeqg̣ | Sv |
goose (wild goose) | loˑ | S-n |
gooseberry | r̲é̲r̲Loy̓sʔm | See Loy̓ |
goosefoot (plant) | qočaˑnig | S-n |
gopher | mong | Sn |
gopher (sp.) | monaˑ r̲e̲damnys | See damnoń̲ |
gossip, to | r̲e̲se̲g̣wᵛobga | See g̣wᵛ |
grandchild.; See the reciprocal terms for “grandfather” and “grandmother.”grandfather (father’s father) | loks | -S-n |
grandfather (mother’s father) | kʼaˑs | -S-n |
grandmother (father’s mother) | tʼeˑw | -S-n |
grandmother (mother’s mother) | qʼol | -S-n |
granular objs., act upon a handful of | čʼa | S-v (cl.). |
grasp (hold, obtain) | snʼog̣ | Sv |
grass | woyg̣ang | S-n |
grass (hay) | kson | Sn |
grasses: for various spp. see under “plant.” Grasses having commonly known English names will be found under those headings.grasshopper (large sp.) | tʼaˑhʔ | -S-n |
grasshopper (small sp.) | ǰigačg | S-n |
grave | spinoˑ | Sn |
graveyard | ʔilʼg̣sg̣eˑni | See elʼg̣ |
graze | ltew | Sv |
grease | blo | Sn |
greasy, be | nčes | S-v |
great-aunt (grandfather’s sister) | loloˑs | -S-n |
great-aunt (grandmother’s sister) | lig | -S-n |
great-grandmother (father’s grandmother) | čoˑl | -S-n |
great-grandmother (mother’s grandmother) | wawʼiˑk | S-n |
great-nephew (and great-niece).; See the reciprocal terms for “great-uncle” and “great-aunt.”great-uncle (father’s father’s brother) | baˑg̣ | -S-n |
great-uncle (mother’s mother’s brother) | koy | -S-n |
green | woyg̣ang | S-n |
grey hair | ʔol | S-n |
grimace | sčilikʼa̲ | Sv |
grin, to | mʼotčʼočʼoˑyʼ | Sv |
grind (parched wokas) | lᵛoliˑna | See lᵛ |
grind (with a mortar and pestle) | gaˑm | Sv |
grind (with a two-horned muller and a metate) | beqs | Sv |
grinding stone (lower: metate) | lmʼač | Sn |
grinding stone (upper: two-horned muller) | se̲ʼlᵛikLkʼys | See lᵛ |
gristle | kʼoˑčgoˑts | See kʼoˑčg |
grit the teeth | se̲g̣wᵛačdang̣a | See g̣wᵛ |
grope | aws | -Sv |
groundhog (or “woodchuck”) | moy | Sn |
group, act upon a | liw | S-v |
grouse | tmo | Sn |
grow (hair, plants) | g̣e | S-v |
grow (person) | tsiń̲ | Sv |
grow (shoots, sprouts) | stabg | Sv |
growl, to | sʔollqʼ | Sv |
grub | bolqʼwan | S-n |
gruel | lagmin | Sn |
grunt, to | sʔopqʼ | Sv |
gudgeon: for various spp. see under “fish.”guess | nidw | Sv |
gun | lolog̣skʼeys | See nkʼeysʔań̲ |
gunny sack | qʼočwʼal | Sn |
gunwales | sʔaliˑn | S-n |
gush | stopʼ | S-v |
damn | sv | |
hail, to | qlaLʔań̲ | Sv |
hair | lag̣ | Sn |
hair (fur) | niˑl | Sn |
hair, cut the | yʼoqʼ | -Sv |
hair, in the | aqaˑyi̲ʼ | sv |
hair, on the | ačw | sv |
half | datg̣lam | Sl |
halitosis, have | qʼoy haˑwi̲ʼa | See haˑwi̲ʼ |
hammer | npatʼtn̲oˑts | See patʼ |
hand | nʼep | Sn |
hand, act with the | nʼiq | S-v; Also das S-v |
hand outstretched, with the | liˑg | sv |
handful of granular objs., act upon a | čʼa | S-v (cl.). |
handful of liquid, act upon a | qliw | S-v |
handgame, play | nayatʼiˑya | Sn Sv |
handkerchief | kikǰam | Sn |
handkerchief (silk) | leswi | Sn |
handle (bucket, basket) | čʼiskʼws | See čʼis |
handle (knife) | dᵛoLys | See dᵛ |
handle (tool) | snʼog̣kys | See snʼog̣ |
hands, act with the | dᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
handsprings, turn | čʼikwʼalg̣ol | S-v |
hang onto | wʼintn̲a | See wʼin |
hang the head | se̲ʔeysg̣n̲bga | See ʔey |
hanging off the edge | owʼeˑtʼ | sv |
hanging up high | akʼaˑyi̲ʼ | sv |
happen | neˑbg | Sv |
happy, be | sidyaykʼ | Sv; Also qʼoyseˑwi̲ʼ Sv |
hard, be | qaW | S-v |
hard (difficult), be | qwaˑtʼ | Sv |
hat | čʼoyeˑs | See čʼoyʔ; Also matʼ S-n; Also daqmil Sn |
hat (in a myth) | baˑlʼaˑʼ | S-n |
hat, wear | čʼoyʔ | Sv |
hatch (egg) | posl | Sv |
hate, to | qʼoy̓ | Sv |
haul (a load) | sʔop | S-v |
haul, to | hiˑwi | Sv |
have | emčn̲ | -Sv |
have a lot (?) | blewgi | Sv (?). |
having | gidk | See gi |
having been …ed | dk | sv |
having done … | ank | sv |
having no … | qʼelyʼak | Srn |
hawk (bird hawk) | witgatg | S-n |
hawk (fish hawk) | dogwʼ | -S-n |
hawk (marsh hawk) | tewg̣ | -S-n |
hawk (marsh hawk) | čʼikdo | Sn |
hawk (meathawk) | r̲e̲čʼoleˑkslʼis | See čʼoleˑk |
hawk (nighthawk) | čʼasg̣iˑp | S-n |
hawk (sp.) | ndᵛoga̲ys | See n |
hawk (sparrowhawk) | čʼliklak | Sn |
hay | kson | Sn |
he-she-it (intensive) | bi | Sp |
head | nʼo | S-n |
head, act with the | ʔey | S-v; Also tʼoqʼ -Sv |
head, cut off the | kʼačʼ | -Sv |
head, on the | ačw | sv |
head of the penis | lᵛawʼaˑlʼs | See lᵛ |
headband | snawč | S-n; Also se̲ʼwallYn̲ys; See wal |
headfirst, act | g̣oˑ | S-v (cl.). |
headfirst, fall | dᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
headrest (for a cradleboard) | ʔeyyg̣ioˑts | See ʔey |
heal | wen̲bli | See wen̲ |
hear | domn | Sv |
heart | sdayn | S-n |
heartburn, have | likʼ | S-v |
hearth | sneylʼg̣s | See sney |
heat | g̣elbkʼs | See g̣el |
heavy, be | ʔiw | S-v |
heavy or pronged obj., act upon a | qa | S-v (cl.). |
heel | staklʼinč | Sn |
helldiver (black helldiver) | ngoq | Sn |
help, to | satʼwaˑY | Sv |
helping | awʼaˑY | sv |
helter-skelter | gmeˑteˑt | Sra |
hemorrhoids | kʼiliˑt mʼaˑsi̲ʼs | See kʼiliˑt |
“henwas” (a stone carving having spirit power) | henw | S-n |
herd (drive animals) | tpo | S-v; Also niw S-v |
herd, act upon a | liw | S-v |
here | gida | Sl |
here and there | okang | sv |
heron (great blue heron) | qʼaˑhʔ | -S-n |
heron (green heron) | tʼwaqʼ | S-n |
hiccough, to | Yakʼ | Sv |
hidden, be | pʼačʼ | +Sv sv |
hide (cured) | mbaw | S-n |
hide (uncured) | qla | S-n |
hide, act upon a | bᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
hide the bones (in the handgame) | čᵛewa | See čᵛ; Also see doˑkanga “shifts the bones from hand to hand before finally hiding them.”; See doˑ |
hiding | ayahʔ | sv |
high (above) | blay | Sl |
high (tall) | ʔaˑdiˑ | Sl |
high (up high, hanging) | akʼaˑyi̲ʼ | |
hill (mountain) | yʼayʼna | Sn |
hill (slope) | lalli̲ʼs | See lalli̲ʼ |
hill, down a | eqweˑL | sv; Also atqʼaps sv |
hillside, against a | alamn | sv |
hillside, along a | oYn̲ | sv |
hint (that one is hungry) | ʔan | Sv |
hipbone | gmočs | See gmoč |
hiss (snake) | skaˑkʼ | Sv |
hit (with a fist, kick) | kt | S-v (cl.). |
hit (with a long instrument) | w | S-v (cl.). |
hit (with a round instrument) | n | S-v (cl.). |
hit, to | dᵛ | -S-v (cl.). |
hit again on the same spot | čewi̲ʼ | -Sv |
hit on the head | qʼomi̲ʼ | -Sv |
hoarse, be | sqel | S-v |
hobble (an animal) | sqʼotʼlʼg̣a | See qʼotʼ |
hoe, to | spᵛLeˑčnʼa | See Leˑ |
hold (grasp) | snʼog̣ | Sv |
hold a baby on a cradleboard | ʔeM | S-v |
hold in the mouth | qbi | S-v (cl.).; Also qbᵛ S-v (cl.). |
hold someone’s possessions for him | womiˑdiˑla | See womiˑ |
holding (carrying) | oyamn | sv |
hole | ginr̲dgs | See gin |
hole (den) | waˑs | See waˑ |
hollow on top, be | g̣oM̓ | Sv |
home | čiˑs | See čiˑ |
home, arriving | adbn̲ | sv |
homesick, be | čʼiyoˑlʼ | Sv |
honey | r̲é̲r̲momsʔm pʼań̲s | See mom |
honeycomb | bog̣ | S-n |
honeybee | mom | -S-n |
hoof | qʼoǰing | S-n |
hook a fish | tʼapʼ | -Sv |
hoop, bend into | čʼis | S-v |
hoot (owl) | mbaw | Sv |
hop, to | kʼoY̓ | Sv |
hop on one foot | kʼlečʼ | Sv |
hop on one foot with the other held forward | čʼiWden | S-v |
hope that … | ʔam | Srp |
horn | tog̣i | Sn |
horned toad | popwʼeg | S-n |
horse | wač | Sn |
horse (wild) | tg̣aˑwʼ | S-n |
horsefly | sqʼoplʼing | S-n |
horseshoe | lasg̣ | -S-n |
let us … | nʼa | sv |
[hortative, first person singular: I let me … | ek | sv |
yʼoˑ | Srp | |
hot, be | g̣el | S-v |
house | lačs | See lač |
-house | haw | -S-n |
house (summer house) | wqeplʼg̣ | S-n |
house (type) | g̣ayaˑtʼa | Sn |
house (winter house) | loldm̓a̲llʼg̣s | See loldm |
house, build | lačʼ | Sv |
housefly | mang̣ | Sn |
house-pit | slʼoqoˑp | S-n |
how | waq | Sri |
how big | det | Sri |
how far | dadaˑdi | See dadaˑ |
how many | danq | Sri |
how much | det | Sri |
however | daˑts | Srp; Also dak Srp |
howl (mad dog) | waˑʼ | Sv |
howl (pack of coyotes) | yeq | Sv |
howl (wolf) | woˑʼ | Sv |
huckleberry | ʔiwm | Sn |
huckleberry (small sp.) | waslalm r̲e̲ʔiwm̓aˑkʼ | See ʔiwm |
huddle (herd) | liw | S-v |
hummingbird | pʼisʔ | -S-n |
hunchback | skʼoyʼa | Sn |
hunchbacked, be | sqalb | Sv |
hundred | tewnʼipnʼi tewnʼip | See tewnʼip |
“hung up” in sexual intercourse, be | se̲čʼliga̲dang̣a | See čʼlᵉ |
hungry, be | dyeˑmi̲ʼ | Sv |
hungry, go | sdaˑw | Sv |
hunt, to | gan | S-v |
hunt birds with torches | slom | S-v |
hunting | wawlag̣ | S-n |
hurry, to | soˑk | S-v |
hurt (injured), be | qʼaL | S-v |
hurt, to | mʼaˑsi̲ʼ | Sv |
hurt again on the same spot | kawʼ | -Sv |
husband | hiswag̣ | S-n |
hymen | dᵛews | See dᵛ |
I | ni | Sp |
I (declarative) | noˑ | Sp |
ice | we | S-n |
icicle, form | wayaˑlb | Sv |
if | heˑ | Srp |
imago | hontn̲ys | See hon |
imitate | sʔaywgalla | See sʔaywg |
at | sv | |
ang | sv | |
i | sv | |
impetigo | čʼimtʼs | See čʼi |
in | d̲at | Sl sn sp sd sa sl |
in … places | ʼaˑs | sa |
in (into) a container | ig̣og | sv; Also iwyʼg̣ sv |
in (into) a corner | akʼčʼwy | sv |
in (into) a flat place | ew | sv |
in (into) a hole | oneˑg | sv |
in (into) a house | oLy | sv |
in (into) a line | oykiˑn | sv |
in (into) a narrow place | akʼčʼwy | sv; Also akʼakweˑg sv; Also kʼačweˑg sv |
in (into) a pocket | akʼčʼwy | sv |
in (into) mud or snow | awʼiˑn | sv |
in (into) the bushes or woods | aqaˑyi̲ʼ | sv |
in (into) the doorway | eqʼy | sv |
in (into) the fire | alʼaˑlʼ | sv |
in (into) the hair | aqaˑyi̲ʼ | sv; Also ačw sv |
in (into) the mouth | odg̣nʼ | sv |
in (into) the mouth (snacking, swallowing) | og̣y | sv |
in (into) the road | eqʼy | sv |
in (into) the sunshine | atʼaˑwi̲ʼ | sv |
in (into) the water | ew | sv |
in a circle | akʼiˑmi̲ʼ | sv |
in a competition | eˑʼ | sv |
in a line, be | tʼepʼ | -Sv; Also owiˑ -Sv |
in front | lobytant | See loby; Also ayʼaˑY sv |
in front of the male genitals | ayʼasg̣ | sv |
in order to | wk | sv |
in pieces, be | tʼekʼ | +Sv |
in strips | onamn | sv |
in the eye (injure the eye) | čʼiwʼ | -Sv |
in the face (act on the face) | pʼeqʼ | -Sv sv |
in two (pl.), cut | golčʼ | -Sv |
in two (sg.), cut | gattʼ | +Sv |
inaudible, be almost | qyos | Sv |
incite | sne̲leˑgdgi | See leg |
ʼokʼ | sa | |
dank | sa | |
indeed (indicates a new subject) | čik | Srp |
indeed (indicates present-progressive action or state) | lis | Srp |
indeed (indicates that the speaker expects some response) | hay | Srp |
index finger | spelwys | See spel |
Indian | maqlag̣ | S-n |
a | sv | |
indigestion, have | likʼ | S-v |
industrious person | winYaˑʼ | S-n |
infatuated, be | ldokw | Sv; Also wičʼtn̲a; See wičʼ |
information (advice), give | sʔawʼaˑY | Sv |
inheritance | sg̣eg̣ | S-n |
injured, be | qʼaL | S-v |
ink | ʔink | Sn |
insect (similar to a weevil) | r̲e̲qamlslʼis | See qaml |
insect (sp.) | r̲e̲tʼaˑmdgislʼis | See tʼaˑm |
insect (threadlike water insect) | ʔamboʔm lag̣ | See ʔambo |
inside | waˑsi | Sl |
inside (?) | akt | sv |
inside (action inside) | oyeˑni̲ʼ | sv |
inside (action outside to inside) | oLy | sv |
“inside” gesture in the handgame (indicating that the marked bones are in the pattern oxxo) | yʼoˑsg̣n̲a | See yʼoˑ |
inside out, turn | spentʼoˑ | S-v |
“inside-outside” gesture in the handgame (indicating that the marked bones are in the pattern oxox or xoxo, depending upon the direction of the accompanying hand-gesture) | woy | S-n |
insist | g̣illi̲ʼr̲tn̲nʼa | See g̣illi̲ʼ |
inspect | swᵉotn̲nʼa | See swᵉ |
instead (rather, however) | dak | Srp |
instead (with) | tʼet | sn sp sd |
oˑt | sv | |
kʼ | sv | |
with, by means of | tga | sn sp sd sa |
insult (by coming jovially into a house of mourning) | saˑč | Sv; Also yeq Sv |
insult, to | laˑm | Sv |
intending to (feeling like) | nʼapg | sv |
intending to (planning to) | samni | sv |
ʔé̲ | sd sl | |
r̲ | psv; Also r̲é̲r̲ pSv pSn; Also r̲é̲ˑr̲ pSv pSn; Also r̲r̲ psv psn; Also r̲r̲é̲ psv | |
ˑ | pSv | |
interjections: the following are a few of the more structured interjections and interjection-like unanalyzable utterances occurring in the corpus. Myth speech “taglines” and rare interjections (usually with anomalous phonemic material) are omitted here but are described in the Notes to the Texts.careful! look out! | dodoˑ! | |
here, take it! | čimi! | |
here boy! (to a dog) | čʼisk! | |
just like that! All at once! | tʼasak! | |
oh! | yaˑ! | |
oh my goodness! | yags dwaˑ! | See yag |
shhh! (used to put an infant to sleep) | ʔisʔisʔis! | See ʔis |
sic ’im! | koskoskos! | See kos |
sssss! (sound of hot iron or rock being dropped into liquid) | čʼiW! | |
that’s not called for! | skay hak čʼaˑms! | See skay and čʼaˑm |
yes! | ʔiˑ! | |
interpret | lodadg | Sv |
interpret a shaman’s song | win | S-v |
dam | Srp | |
dal | Srp | |
interrupt | nayamčʼ | Sv |
intestines | qʼayʼe | Sn |
intestines (fish) | smʼoling | S-n |
into. Many morphemes have both a directional and a static locative sense. These have been listed above under “in.”into another room | etʼleˑg̣i | sv |
into a circle | oqʼil | -Sv |
into water | okʼčʼw | sv |
introduce (a person) | he̲sqoyg̣a | See qoyg̣ |
intrude | gᵛadbn̲oˑta | See gᵛ |
intuit | se̲mčelg̣a | See mčelg̣ |
invite (ask someone to do) | satma̲ | Sv |
invite (ask someone to go) | saMoˑ | S-v |
ipos (sp. edible root) | g̣eˑ | S-n |
iris (plant) | g̣aˑg̣ʔm lag̣oˑ | See g̣aˑg̣ and lag̣ |
iron (clothes), to | lᵛtʼasčnʼa | See tʼas |
iron (metal) | ǰigmin | Sn |
irrigate | sčʼiLWn̲a | See čʼi; Also sčʼir̲yamna; See čʼi; Also sčʼičʼn̲a; See čʼi |
island | ʔawalw | S-n |
itch, to | yʼoqʼ | Sv |
jackrabbit | ng̣ol | Sn |
jail | ʔiLyks | See oLy; Also ǰeyl Sn |
jar | ǰaˑ | Sn |
javelin | se̲kten̲eˑʼs | See kt |
jaw | g̣ag̣oˑ | Sn |
jay | tsg̣ew | -S-n |
jealous, be | sqas | Sv |
Jew | naqspoˑʼ | -S-n |
jingle | čaqʼ | Sv |
joining | dang̣ | sv |
joint | solpsag̣ | S-n |
joke, to | gmay | Sv |
juice | ntolsgs | See ntol |
jump (fish) | čew | -Sv |
jump, to | ngatʼ | S-v |
jump (run, sg.). to | hod̲ | S-v (cl.). |
juniper | qʼeˑLo | Sn |
juniper berry | biwčʼeˑw | S-n |
just as | waqt | See waq |
just did and no more | čʼn̲ | sv |
Kalapuya Indians | mokey | Sn |
katydid | čʼalmgoˑyʼ | S-n; Also čʼloppʼ -S-n |
keep doing | obg | sv |
keep doing | damn | sv |
keepsake | sg̣eg̣ | S-n |
kettle | liLpʼ | S-n |
kick, to | kt | S-v (cl.). |
kidneys | lemyʼeˑq | -S-n |
kill (pl.) | he̲sčʼoˑqʼa | See čʼoˑqʼ |
kill (pl.; slay) | lwel | Sv |
kill (sg.) | siwg | Sv |
killdeer | čʼwiˑdidig | S-n |
kind (sort) | wiqčʼ | S-n |
kind (this …, that …) | mʼas | sd |
kingfisher | čʼan | -Sn |
kinked, be | lg̣eˑy | S-v |
ys | sn | |
b | pn | |
r̲e̲ | pn; Also y sn | |
Klamath Falls | ʔiWr̲LWn̲nʼa | See ʔiW |
Klamath Lake | ʔews | See ʔew |
Klamath Marsh | ʔewksi | See ʔew |
Klamath People | ʔewksikniˑ | See ʔew |
knead | tg̣oy | Sv |
knee | qʼolʼinč | Sn |
knee, act with the | lʼoč | S-v (cl.). |
knife | waˑtʼi | Sn |
knife (type with a crosspiece handguard) | dᵛeqn̲ys | See dᵛ |
knife handle | dᵛoLys | See dᵛ |
knit | lečʼn̲ | Sv |
knock, to | g̣aW̓ | -Sv |
knot (tangle) | nᵉačqaˑyi̲ʼa | See nᵉ |
knot, tie a | qʼotʼ | -Sv |
knot up (cramp) | stiˑqʼ | Sv |
know | sʔaywgtn̲a | See sʔaywg |
know how, not | čʼaˑni̲ʼ | Sv |
lace (shoelace) | he̲sličlʼg̣oˑts | See slič |
lace up | lečʼn̲tn̲nʼa | See lečʼn̲ |
lacking (having no …, without) | qʼelyʼak | Srn |
lacking, be | qʼeˑgi | Sv |
ladder | waq | S-n; Also gamnioˑts; See gᵛ |
ladder (for the underground winter house) | gᵛawloˑtkʼys | See gᵛ |
ladybug | snotʼoˑts | See snotʼ |
lake | ʔew | S-n |
lame, be | qʼwanqʼ | Sv |
land | g̣eˑla | Sn |
land (a canoe) | sg̣ᵛabaˑtn̲a | See sg̣ᵛ |
language | hemkangs | See hem |
language, speaking the … of the preceding noun | yal | sv |
lap, on the | aqʼaˑqʼ | sv |
lap, to | wlʼaks | S-v |
lark (meadowlark) | sqolʼe | Sn |
larkspur | ǰolg | -S-n |
last | tabyʼ | S-n Sl |
late, become | sponneˑga | See spon |
later | ʔonʼčeˑ | Srt |
laugh, to | wetn̲ | Sv |
laugh (pl.), to | lwayqʼ | Sv |
laughter | wetn̲ys | See wetn̲ |
laughter, roar with | sdoqʼ | Sv |
lavaliere | se̲lᵛowʼeˑtʼs | See lᵛ |
law, make | newlʼg̣ | Sv |
lay (an egg) | napl̓a̲la | See napl |
laying down (an obj.) | elʼg̣ | sv |
lazy, be | yʼaMkʼ | Sv |
lead (metal) | kʼeysa̲ls | See nkʼeysʔań̲ |
lead, to | spon | S-v (cl.). |
leaf | tʼapq | Sn |
leaf out | tʼapq̓a̲la | See tʼapq |
leak, to | či | S-v |
lean (on a stick) | se̲kᵛiwčnʼa | See kᵛ |
lean (vertical objs. together) | sčokʼ | S-v |
lean, to | sdokʼ | S-v |
leaning against | abaˑtn̲ | sv |
leaning diagonally against | abaˑyi̲ʼ | sv |
leapfrog, play | se̲ngatʼyg̣eˑʼa | See oyg̣i |
learn | sʔaywg | Sv |
leather | boqʼeˑw | S-n |
leave (go away) | gᵛoWasga | See gᵛ |
leave (someone behind) | he̲sčᵛalʼaˑlʼčʼa̲bga | See alʼaˑlʼ |
leave (something; abandon) | deˑWi | Sv; Also g̣lewyčn̲a; See g̣lewy |
leave alone (let go) | deliˑn | Sv |
leech | sdaqbong | S-n |
left, be on the | sqeˑdi | Sv |
leg | čʼoˑg | S-n |
leg, act with the | sboˑ | S-v |
leggings, wear | mideˑʼ | Sv |
legs, act with | sqeqʼ | Sv |
less than ten | qʼeˑgs | -Sa |
let (allow someone to go, do) | ʔinoˑ | S-v |
let (permit) | weˑwl̓ | Sv |
let go of | deliˑn | Sv |
let me …! () | ek | sv |
let us …! () | nʼa | sv |
let’s …! | haga | Srp |
lever, act with a | sʔiwl | S-v |
lice egg(s) | čʼiqaˑt | S-n |
lick, to | pʼelqʼ | Sv |
lid, to | wtʼamʼ | Sv |
lie (animal) | din | S-v |
lie (exist) | bᵛ | -S-v (cl.). |
lie (pl.) | lolʼal | S-v |
lie (sg.) | sqʼol | S-v |
lie (tell a falsehood) | kʼiy̓ | Sv |
lie flat on the back | wLetʼ | S-v |
lie on one’s side | qʼya | S-v |
lie on the stomach | wʼin | S-v |
light (in weight), be | tsaˑkʼ | Sv |
light a fire | soˑč | Sv |
light-colored, be | čoqʼ | Sv |
lightning, flash | wlepʼl̓ | Sv |
like (similar to) | sitk | Sre; Also pč sn sp sd sa |
like, to | dičʼeˑwi̲ʼa | See eˑwi̲ʼ |
limb | weq | Sn |
limber, be | kčaˑkʼ | Sv; Also wlʼiˑqʼ Sv |
limit (of a place), to the | abaˑni | sv |
limp, to | qʼwanqʼ | Sv |
line, be in a | tʼepʼ | -Sv; Also owiˑ -Sv |
line, in a | oykiˑn | sv |
line up (horizontally) | ʔeM | S-v |
line up (one behind the other) | temiˑ | S-v |
lint | mʼoˑg̓s | See mʼog̓ |
linty, be | mʼog̓ | Sv |
lion (mythological animal) | qʼoyqʼaˑwʼ | S-n |
liquid, act upon a container of | čʼi | S-v (cl.). |
liquid, act upon a handful of | qliw | S-v |
liquor (all types) | laˑm | Sn |
lisp, to | weǰli | Sv |
listen | mačaˑ | S-v |
listen for | nčayakʼ | S-v |
litter, carry on a | liwaˑ | S-v |
litter, have a | Laˑ | Sv |
little | kʼeččʼa | Sa; Also nčʼekʼ Sra |
little finger | qʼapčʼa | Sn |
live (be alive) | hoqn̲ | Sv |
live (pl.) | waˑ | Sv |
live (sg.) | čiˑ | Sv |
live with | kseg̣i | Sv |
lively, be | leg | S-v |
liver | balla | Sn |
living obj., act upon a | ksᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
lizard | qiˑʔa | Sn |
lizard (blue-tailed lizard) | lastostg | S-n |
lizard (sp.) | lʼoˑg | S-n |
lizard (water lizard) | sg̣oˑtʼig | S-n |
loan, to | wolqʼ | Sv |
located, be | ʔiW | S-v |
t | sp sd sa sl; Also ʼiˑt sl; Also tʼa sl | |
in, at, on | d̲at | Sl sn sp sd sa sl |
lock (a door) | he̲shod̲kʼya | See hod̲ |
locust | tʼaˑhʔ | -S-n |
loin cloth | he̲swayʼasg̣ys | See w |
lonesome, be | sakʼamsineˑʼ | Sv |
long (tall, high, far) | ʔaˑdiˑ | Sl sr |
long ago (in ancient times) | gaˑ | S-n |
long ago (some time ago) | dank | Sn |
long instrument, act with a | w | S-v (cl.). |
long object, act upon a | ʔᵛ | S-l (cl.). |
long objects (few), act upon | yan | S-v |
long time | maˑns | Srt |
look, to | dᵉl | S-v (cl.).; Also swᵉ S-v (cl.). |
look like | swᵉ | S-v (cl.). |
look for | g̣aˑykʼ | Sv; Also qmag̣ Sv |
looking like | sleˑs | See sleʔ |
loon | daplal | Sn |
loon (small sp.) | qoqyʼag̣ | S-n |
loose, be | čey | Sv |
lope | ltig̓ | Sv |
lose | sne̲qʼeˑgi | See qʼeˑgi Sv |
louse | kʼoY | S-n |
love, to | stin | S-v |
Lower Rogue River people | soˑlčoqkniˑ | See soˑl |
lukewarm, be | loqwa̲ | Sv |
lunch | čᵛelʼg̣s | See čᵛ |
lung(s) | tʼosoˑq | S-n |
lynx | slowaˑ | Sn |
“maa” (make a noise like a deer) | meˑʼ | Sv |
magpie | wʼig̣ | -S-n |
make (do, work) | sʔ | S-v (cl.). |
make a bed | slan̲a | See slan̲ |
make a face | sničʼiˑčʼ | S-v |
make a noise, rumpus | qʼeˑlʼi̲ | Sv |
make trouble | g̣lom | S-v |
man | hiswag̣ | S-n |
-man | meˑn | -Sn |
mane | waˑmčaqLWn̲ys | See waˑm Or waˑmLWn̲ys; See waˑm |
mangy, be | r̲r̲e̲stʼaqʼsga | See tʼaqʼ |
many | dom | Sa |
many places, in | domaˑs | See dom |
manzanita | qʼaǰaym | S-n |
march, to | kin | S-v |
marestail (plant) | g̣oˑ | S-n |
marks, make | qʼoˑčʼ | -Sv |
marks (scribbling), make | lʼaˑkʼ | -Sv |
marrow | stʼopʼ | S-n |
marry | se̲moseˑlʼa | See mboseʼlʼ |
marry (man) | snʼeweˑčʼs̓a̲la | See snʼeweˑčʼs̓a̲la; See snʼeweˑčʼ |
marry (woman) | hiswag̣s̓a̲la | See hiswag̣ |
Mars | r̲é̲r̲taklʼi | See tak |
marten (pine marten) | peˑp | Sn |
mash (something doughy) | lʼabkʼ | +Sv |
mash (something mushy) | čʼabkʼ | +Sv |
mash (something sticky) | tʼabkʼ | +Sv |
mash flat | padg̣ | -Sv |
massive shapeless obj., act upon a | čʼlᵉ | S-v (cl.). |
masturbate | yečʼeˑlʼ | Sv |
mat | slan̲ys | See slan̲ |
mat (floor) | slᵉikLs | See slᵉ |
mat (type) | stʼab | S-n |
mat (wall) | slᵉotn̲ys | See slᵉ |
mat (wall covering for a wickiup) | stewL | S-n |
mat, act upon a | slan̲ | Sv |
mat roll (knee support for a cradleboard) | slʼotʼitʼaˑʼ | S-n |
matches | maǰ | S-n |
mature, to | dis | S-v |
maybe.; See “perhaps.”meadow (plain) | saˑykʼa | Sn |
meadowlark | sqolʼe | Sn |
meanness (anger, cruelty) | qiLoˑ | S-n |
measles | gᵛotqʼags | See gᵛ |
measure, to | sg̣iloˑlg̣ | Sv |
meat | čʼoleˑk | S-n |
meat, act upon a piece of | čʼlᵉ | S-v (cl.). |
medicine, take | yawg̣ | Sv |
meet, to | hos | S-v |
melt | čakʼ | +Sv |
melt (be juicy, drippy) | čʼoččʼ | Sv |
melt (drip) | nčikʼ | S-v |
menstruate | mokʼ | Sv |
menstruate for the first time | sdopWi | Sv |
meow, to | mʼewʔ | Sv |
message | noˑkangs | See noˑ |
metate (lower grinding stone) | lmʼač | Sn |
metal | waˑtʼitiˑ | See waˑtʼi |
mica | widaˑl | Sn |
middle | datg̣lam | Sl |
middle finger | datg̣lamni | See datg̣lam |
midget, be | skʼič | S-v |
milk | ʔečʼs | See ʔečʼ |
mimic, to | sʔaywgalla | See sʔaywg |
mink | qliˑpa | Sn |
minnow: for various spp. see “fish.”mint | maˑčʼaˑ | S-n |
mirror | se̲dᵉlewas | See dᵉl |
miscarriage, have | kʼatʼaqʼiˑg̣i | Also sne̲ntʼiwčnʼa; See ntʼiw |
mischievous | ledalʔaˑni | See dalʔaˑk |
misty, be | g̣eˑla heʼa | See heʼ |
miss (be sad over an absence) | lag̣y | Sv |
miss (not see someone for some time) | lesmʼ | Sv |
miss a target | qʼaYʔań̲ | Sv |
mistake, make | sampʼali̲ | S-v |
mix, to | sokl̓ | Sv |
mix up (whip up, tangle), to | čʼaqʼ | S-v |
mixture of native tobacco and Bull Durham (“kinnikinnick”) | sokl̓s | See sokl̓ |
moccasin (buckskin), wear | waksna | Sn Sv |
moccasin (tule) | wipga | Sn |
Modoc(s) | moˑwa̲t̓aˑkʼkniˑ | See moˑwa̲ |
Modoc accent, have | goyʼ | Sv |
Molala | čaggeˑnkniˑ | See čag |
mole (animal) | r̲e̲ʼnᵉebli | See nᵉ |
mole (skin eruption) | likt | S-n |
Monday | lobyni | See loby |
money-lender | r̲e̲ʼwolqʼys | See wolq |
mons Veneris | ngenoˑ | Sn |
Montana Indians | wač̓aˑkʼ r̲e̲pʼań̲ys | See pʼań̲ |
month | sʔab | S-n |
moo, to | heˑma | See hem |
moon | r̲r̲e̲wg̣awʼs | See wg̣aw |
mop, to | kᵛčʼoˑsYeˑni̲ʼa | See čʼlos |
morning | mboˑsant | Sn |
mortar (for grinding) | sg̣a | Sn |
mosquito | čʼiNeˑk | S-n |
moss | qdayʔm skodas | See qday and skod |
moss (black moss) | kʼal | Sn |
moss (sp.) | swʼaw | S-n |
moth | g̣aqoloˑqtn | S-n |
mother | kʼis | -S-n |
moult | slʼoqʼ | Sv |
mountain | yʼayʼna | Sn |
mountain, over a | etʼleˑg̣i | sv |
mountain dock | g̣abyang | S-n |
mountain lily | loqʔm čonws | See loq and čonw |
mountain lion | daˑslaˑt | S-n |
mountain mahogany | ʔamdalm | See ʔamda; Also yoqmalm; See yoqma |
mountainside, along a | oYn̲ | sv |
mourn (cry over, take something very hard) | lowatbislʼ | Sv |
mourn (feel depressed over a death for a long time) | kloy̓ | Sv |
mourn (regret) | Lil | Sv |
mourn (wail) | stodg̣n̲ys̓a̲la | See st |
mouse | moqʼoˑga | Sn |
mouse (fieldmouse) | msa | S-n |
mouse (large sp.) | g̣laywʼa | Sn |
mouth | som | Sn |
mouth, act with the | qbᵛ | S-v (cl.).; Also han S-v |
mouth, hold in the | qbi | S-v (cl.). |
mouth, in the | odg̣nʼ | sv |
mouth, in the (biting, swallowing) | og̣y | sv |
mouthful, have | smʼoqʼy | Sv |
mouthful, strangle on | ntop | S-v |
move, to | sikʼ | Sv |
moving (changing one’s dwelling) | sL | sv |
mow | moliˑn | Sv |
much (many) | dom | Sa |
much (very) | moˑ | Srm |
mucus (eye) | wawʼaˑk | S-n |
mucus (nasal) | sniˑg̣̓s | See sniˑg̣̓ |
mud | tʼoboˑq | S-n |
mud (type) | tʼilʼe | S-n |
mud, in the | awʼiˑn | sv |
mud puddle | r̲e̲čʼir̲yamns | See čʼi |
muddy a stream | kʼoyoˑmi̲ʼ | Sv |
muddy place | tʼopʼe | S-n |
muddy-brown, be | mʼak | S-v |
mudhen | tʼohoˑ | S-n |
mudhen (sp.—also called a sp. of squirrel by Gatschet and one informant) | stʼokʼwa | Sn |
mudhole (bog) | stʼoy | S-n |
mule | limiˑl | Sn |
muller (two-horned upper grinding stone) | se̲ʼlᵛikLkʼys | See lᵛ |
mullet: for various spp. see “fish.” | ni | sa |
mumble | sʔeWeWʔ | Sv |
mush (wokas) | slot | S-n; Also noˑg̣̓a̲ls; See noˑg̣ |
mushroom (or toadstool) | lmenč | S-n |
mushy, be | čʼabkʼ | +Sv |
muskrat | pom̓aˑkʼ | See pom |
mustache | smʼoˑg̣ | Sn |
mustar see | čʼipʼs | See čʼipʼs |
mustard seed (sp.) | wisingʔm čʼipʼs | See čʼipʼ |
mustard seed gravy, eat | čʼipʼ | Sv |
my | gew | See ni and noˑ |
myth | r̲r̲e̲sʔabg̣leˑʼs | See sʔab |
myth, tell | g̣l | sv |
mythological animal (“giraffe”) | g̣iliˑli | Sn |
mythological animal (“lion”) | qʼoyqˑaˑwʼ | S-n |
mythological characters: for the proper names of persons and beings appearing in the myth texts, see “proper names”mythological humans | psewdi | S-n; Also r̲e̲gaˑwaˑs; See gaˑ and waˑ |
nag, to | skʼičʼ | Sv |
nail | ǰigmin | Sn |
nail, to | patʼ | -Sv |
naked, be | peˑnhi | Sv |
name | seˑss | See seˑs |
name (call) | ʔelg̣ | Sv |
name (mean, give a price to) | seˑs | Sv |
name unknown (“whatchamacallem”) | sgo | Sd |
nape of the neck | čʼikʼsʔm makwls | See čʼikʼ and mak |
k | sd | |
narrow place, in a | akʼčʼwy | sv; Also akʼakweˑg sv; Also kʼačweˑg sv |
nauseated (vomit), be | čonw | Sv |
nauseated, feel | qʼoy̓ | Sv |
nauseated, feel slightly | qbol | S-v |
navel | tʼog̣ | S-n |
near | syokʼaˑ | S-l |
near (close, short) | wikʼaˑ | Sl |
near (next to) | aqyeˑtn̲ | sv |
near (right up to) | alčʼwy | sv |
nearly | wikʼaˑ delčnʼbga | See wikʼaˑ and dᵉl |
nearly (almost: the action was not begun) | a̲ksg | sv |
nearly (almost: the action was begun but not completed) | Wiˑ | sv |
neck | niˑ | S-n |
neck, around the | aqʼaˑqʼ | sv |
neck, break the | kʼačʼ | -Sv |
necklace | yamn | S-n |
necklace (pendant) | se̲lᵛowʼeˑtʼs | See lᵛ |
needle | spiqn̲oˑts | See spi |
negro | wayha | Sn; Also r̲e̲čʼoleˑks; See čʼoleˑk |
neigh | heˑma | See hem |
neighbor | se̲dᵉlatln̲bags | See dᵉl; Also yawkkniˑ; See yawk |
neighborly person | se̲ʔilʼg̣iˑys | See elʼg̣ |
nephew.; See the reciprocal terms given under “aunt” and “uncle.” The following are not reciprocal:nephew (or niece: man’s brother’s child) | pʼaˑkt | S-n |
nephew (or niece: man’s sister’s child) | ačg̣aˑL | -S-n |
nephew (or niece: woman’s sister’s child) | mag̣oˑqʼ | S-n |
nest | snʼoLs | See snʼoL |
nest (den, burrow) | waˑs | See waˑ |
nest, build | snʼoL | Sv |
net (fishnet) | wičʼoˑL | S-n |
net (netting) | layg̣ | S-n |
net (or fishtrap?) | wlo | Sn |
net fish | deklʼg̣a | See dek |
net weight | lodih | S-n |
nettle | sleleˑčʼ | S-n |
nettle (virulent sp.) | r̲e̲Lopʼtn̲Ysʔm | See Lopʼ |
nettle cord | sleˑčʼ | S-n |
new | tʼeyn | Sra |
newlywed girl | sqabg | S-n |
never | qʼay dadaˑ | See qay and. dadaˑ |
next (too, more) | čgas | Sre |
next door | pelwi | Sl; Also yawk Sl |
next to | aqyeˑtn̲ | sv |
next to (right up to) | alčʼwy | sv |
nickel (five cent piece) | he̲sne̲r̲é̲ˑr̲bem̓s | See bem̓ |
niece.; See the reciprocal terms given under “aunt” and “uncle.”; See also the nonreciprocal terms given under “nephew” above.night | psin | Sn |
night, all | niˑsda | Srt |
nightmare, have | wden | S-v |
nine | Načqʼeˑgs | See Naˑs and qeˑgs |
nineteen | tewnʼip̓ant Načqʼeˑgs | See tewnʼip, Naˑs and qʼeˑgs |
ninety | Načqʼeˑgsnʼi tewnʼip | See Naˑs, qʼeˑgs and tewnʼip |
nipple (?) | lᵛotn̲ys | See lᵛ |
no | qʼay | Srn |
nock | sdᵉlawllʼg̣s | See dᵉl |
noise | qʼoy domns | See domn |
noise (rumpus), make | qʼeˑlʼi̲ʼ | Sv |
i | sa | |
g | sd | |
ng | sd | |
yʼas | sd | |
yʼeˑnʼ | sn sa sl sd | |
nonround objs. (few), act upon | yan | S-v |
noon | psekst | Sn |
north | yaˑma̲t | See yaˑma̲ |
northern peoples (Columbia River people) | yaˑma̲kniˑ | See yaˑma̲ |
north-west | ǰag̣ing | S-n |
nose | psi | S-n |
nosebleed, have | popʼ | +Sv |
nose-plug | tʼotʼ | S-n |
not | qʼay | Srn |
not (“un-”) | le | Srp |
not know how to | čʼaˑni̲ʼ | Sv |
not recognize | qayqmʼ | Sv |
not see someone for some time | lesmʼ | Sv |
not yet | qʼay̓oˑ | See qʼay |
nothing | qʼay dwaˑ | See qʼay and dwaˑ |
nothing, have (be empty-handed) | le dwaˑ gi | See dwaˑ and gi |
nothing, have (lack) | qʼeˑgi | Sv |
s | sv sn sl | |
y | sv sn | |
now | ʔat | Srt |
now (right now) | pačʼit | Srt; Also pačʼačʼwi Srt |
now then! | ča | Srp |
numb, be | nǰoy | S-v |
nut (pine) | qdeˑLo | Sn |
oak | qlism | See qli |
obey | domn | Sv |
ʼas | sn sp sd sa sl | |
a | sa | |
obscene gesture (used as an insult) | ličʼo | S-n |
obsidian | mbosag | S-n |
ocean | soˑlčoq | See soˑl and čoq |
odor, have | bilwi | Sv |
off (away) | oWasg | sv |
off a vehicle | oliˑn | sv |
off of | osg | sv |
off the edge | oliˑn | sv |
off the edge, draped | owʼeˑtʼ | sv |
often | r̲e̲balaq | See balaq |
old, be | gmoč | Sv |
old (man), be | močeˑwi̲ʼ | Sv |
old man | čikʼaˑ | Sn; Also moč S-n |
old woman, be | weleˑg̣ | S-v |
omen, be | tg̣otg̣ | Sv |
on | d̲at | Sl sn sp sd sa sl |
on (onto, attached to) | otn̲ | sv |
on (onto) a fire | alʼaˑlʼ | sv; Also kslʼ sv |
on (onto) a pile | ikL | sv |
on (onto) a surface | eLa̲ | sv |
on (onto) a twisting edge | oYn̲ | sv |
on (onto) a vehicle | eLa̲ | sv; Also ikL sv |
on (onto) coals | aps | sv |
on (onto) the back | adgl | sv; Also alamn sv |
on (onto) the buttocks | akʼy | sv |
on (onto) the edge | oykiˑn | sv; Also oliˑn sv; Also alYn̲ sv; Also aliˑg sv |
on (onto) the end | awʼaˑlʼ | sv |
on (onto) the female genitals | ew | sv |
on (onto) the forehead | aliˑg | sv |
on (onto) the head or hair | ačw | sv; Also aqaˑyi̲ʼ sv |
on (onto) the lap | aqʼaˑqʼ | sv |
on (onto) the male genitals | ayʼasg̣ | sv |
on (onto) the neck | aqʼaˑqʼ | sv |
on (onto) the point | amʼaˑčʼ | sv |
on (onto) the very edge | eliˑw | sv |
on (onto) top of | wal | S-v sv |
on (onto) top of a full load | aptneˑg̣i | sv |
on foot | g̣eˑlantga | See g̣eˑla |
on one side | Nay | S-l |
on the eye, act | čʼiwʼ | -Sv |
on the face, act | pʼeqʼ | -Sv sv |
on the ground | g̣eˑlant | See g̣eˑla |
on the other hand | daˑts | Srp; Also dak Srp |
on the stomach, act | bolʼ | -Sv |
on top (above) | plen | S-l |
on top, be | wal | S-v sv |
once | dinʼaˑ | Srt |
one | Naˑs | Sa |
one-eared | lᵛqʼoˑmi̲ʼdk | See qʼomi̲ʼ |
one-eyed, be | sčʼoqʼ | Sv |
onion(s) | ʔalyan | S-n |
onion(s) (wild) | pni | Sn |
only | bil | Sre |
only after (only by, upon, until) | čeˑ | Sre |
onto. Many morphemes have both a directional and a static locative sense. These have been listed above under “on.”onto again and again, repeatedly | nʼ | sv |
ooze out | tʼat | +Sv |
open.; See “closing.”open (a door) | kʼaystn̲oˑla | See kʼays |
open (the eyes) | qʼlamčʼoˑla | See qʼlamčʼ |
open (the vagina) | kʼyeˑwʼ | -Sv |
opening the mouth wide | čgačwʼ | sv |
order, put in | wlelg̣ | Sv |
order, to | tbeˑw | Sv |
Oregon grape | weLeˑli | Sn |
orphan, be | qʼoˑYeˑg | Sv |
other (another).; See “one.”other end | doˑg̣eˑni | See doˑ |
other side, way | goniˑ | Sl |
otter | qʼoLt | Sn |
ought to | a̲t | sv |
ought to (hope that … ) | ʔam | Srp |
our | naˑlʼm | See naˑd |
out | eqn̲ | sv |
out (like a light) | pʼačʼ | +Sv sv |
out behind | koytʼa | Sl |
out from under | oditgoˑl | sv |
out of a container | odg | Also oyg̣ag |
out of a tree | eqweˑL | sv |
out of a tubular obj. | čʼiˑsqʼag | sv; Also očʼiˑpʼ sv |
out of fire | oykiˑn | sv |
out of sight, be | pʼačʼ | +Sv sv |
out of sight (hidden) | ayahʔ | sv |
out of water | oyg̣ag | sv; Also oykiˑn sv; Also oyg̣i sv |
outdo | win | S-v; Also gᵛoˑli; See oˑli |
outside | g̣anʼiˑ | Sl |
outside (action to the outside) | eqn̲ | sv |
“outside” gesture in the hand game (indicating that the marked bones are in the pattern xoox) | sg̣ečʼn̲a | See sg̣e |
outside the door | atʼiˑt | sv |
over | oyg̣i | sv |
over (above) | blay | Sl |
over a mountain | etʼleˑg̣i | sv |
over the edge | oliˑn | sv |
over the edge, draped | owʼeˑtʼ | sv |
over this way | ayʼaˑY | sv |
overboard | oliˑn | sv |
overflow | qampg̣ | Sv |
overlook someone | lesmʼ | Sv |
overtake | pinoˑ | S-v |
overturn | sdipn | S-v |
overturn a canoe | spolʼi̲ | S-v; Also he̲sʔᵛebli; See ʔᵛ |
owe | sgᵛiwtn̲a | See gᵛ |
owl (barn owl) | pʼeˑhʔ | -S-n |
owl (horned owl) | mokʼ | S-n |
owl (small sp.) | g̣aˑlʼ | S-n |
own land | g̣eˑlaa̲la | See g̣eˑla |
pace (horse), to | wilitgiʼ | Sv |
pace (lope, tiptoe), to | ltig̓ | Sv |
pack (a load) on the back | me | S-v |
pack basket | yʼagi | Sn |
pack into a ball | qpʼalʼ | Sv |
paddle (a boat).; See “canoe, act upon a.”paddle (canoe) | qčʼik | Sn |
paddle (as a waterfowl), to | sčʼol | S-v |
pain, have | mʼaˑsi̲ʼ | Sv |
pain in the side, have | kʼastʼ | Sv |
paint (red) | g̣lepkʼi | Sn |
paint (red, made of fungus) | waˑgin | S-n |
paint (smear), to | twaˑqʼ | Sv |
paint (smear on with a round obj., as a brush) | lᵛtčʼoˑsa | See tčʼoˑs |
paint (smear on with the hands) | dᵛtčʼoˑsa | See tčʼoˑs |
paint (the face) | lʼoˑmi̲ʼ | -Sv |
pair | ʔibg | S-n |
Paiute | saˑd | Sn |
palate | dangač | Sn |
pancake | ntitʼLa̲s | See titʼ |
pant for breath | kespʼ | Sv |
pants, wear | qʼaylaˑlb | Sv |
paper | beyba | Sn |
parch (wokas) | snab | Sv; Also sʔoˑlʼaˑlʼa; See sʔoˑ |
pare (the fingernails) | r̲e̲se̲qdᵛoliˑna | See qdᵛ |
parent-in-law (woman’s) | totqʼ | -S-n |
parents | se̲qoyg̣aˑʼs | See qoyg̣ |
parents-in-law (man’s), act with | wg̣oˑ | S-v |
parents-in-law (woman’s), act with | qoˑs | S-v |
parley, to | Waldga | See Wal |
part (the hair), to | se̲pčikʼdg̣a | See pčikʼ |
having done … | ank | sv |
from, a piece of | tiˑ | sn sp sd sa |
passionate, feel (man) | g̣oˑyʼi̲ | Sv |
passionate, feel (woman) | lmoY | Sv |
w | sv | |
in a state resulting from an action now completed | odg | sv |
pasture, to | pʼań̲wa | See pʼań̲ |
pat (as in the sweathouse to bring out sweat on one’s body) | tʼapʼ | -Sv |
patch, to | nᵉakʼya | See nᵉ and akʼy |
pay, to | sqoq | S-v |
pea | libwa | -S-n |
peck, to | kʼaWʼ | Sv |
peddler | ʔittalys | See attal |
peddling | attal | sv |
peel (bark), to | woliˑna | See w |
peel off (an outer layer), to | čʼoli̲ʼ | -Sv |
peeling | čʼeL | S-n |
ruined, entirely, hopelessly | all | sv |
pelican | koml | Sn; Also yaml Sn |
pen (or pencil) | somʼalwʼoˑts | See somʼalwʼ |
pendant | se̲lᵛowʼeˑtʼs | See lᵛ |
penis | g̣eq | Sn |
penis, act with the | sgᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
people | maqlag̣ | S-n |
people from | kniˑ | sn sp sd sa sl |
perform an action once | oga̲ | -Sv |
perhaps | ʔaMkʼa | Srp; Also ʔak Srp |
perhaps (either … or) | wag̣eˑnha | Srp |
periwinkle | goʔoˑyʼa | S-n |
permit, to | weˑwl̓ | Sv |
person | maqlag̣ | S-n |
pestle | gaˑmoˑts | See gaˑm; Also gaˑmkʼys; See gaˑm |
pet (domesticated animal) | wač | Sn |
phlegm, have | loˑqoˑqw̓ | Sv |
photograph, take | sʔodeˑtn̲a | See sʔ |
pick (berries) | loykʼ | Sv; Also ʔisga; See osg |
pick (one’s teeth) | he̲sqačʼaˑy̓a | See qa |
pick (wokas) | r̲e̲ʼlᵛosga | See lᵛ |
pick out. See | aqaˑyi̲ʼ | sv |
picking up | adgl | sv |
picking up (raising) | oyeˑg | sv |
picture | pikča | Sn |
pieces, be in | tʼekʼ | +Sv |
pierce | kᵛeqn̲a | See kᵛ; See also “puncture.” |
pig | goso | Sn |
pig-a-back, carry | dawaˑqʼy | Sv |
pile (as a cairn), to | swʼaˑlʼ | Sv |
pile (as coals) | sdoy | S-v |
pile (as logs, brush), to | sqečʼ | S-v |
pile (make a mound), to | sqoy | S-v |
pile (objs. on top of one another), to | se̲ʔiwlyeˑga | See wal |
pile, on a | ikL | sv |
pile, on top of a | aptneˑg̣i | sv |
pillow, be a | sʔolh | Sv |
pin, to | patʼ | -Sv |
pincers (for hot iron; pliers) | sne̲čʼliga̲oˑts | See čʼlᵉ; Also sne̲čʼlibgoˑts; See čʼlᵉ |
pince;s (of a crawfish) | čʼliga̲oˑts | See čʼlᵉ; Also čʼlibgoˑts; See čʼlᵉ |
pinch, to | čʼliga̲a | See čʼlᵉ |
pinch (as a tight shoe), to | tʼay | -Sv |
pinch (catch between two surfaces), to | čay̓ | -Sv |
pine (jackpine or “bull-pine”) | g̣apg̣a | Sn |
pine (lodgepole pine) | waˑko | Sn |
pine (ponderosa pine) | g̣oˑ | S-n |
pine (sugar pine) | qdeˑLo | Sn |
pine (white pine) | baˑ | Sn |
pine (yellow pine—or possibly a sp. of fir?) | liwl | -S-n |
pine cone | čagaˑl | -S-n |
pine gum | lalaˑqʼo | Sn |
pine gum (from the sugar pine; eaten) | čačablo | Sn |
pine marten | peˑp | Sn |
pine needle(s) | sbaˑMi | Sn |
pine needle cluster or whorl | bosq | S-n |
pine nut | qdeˑLo | Sn |
pipe | pʼag̣s | See pʼag̣ |
pipe, act upon a | sdᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
pistol | sikʼnitg | S-n |
Pit River (people and area) | moˑwa̲twaˑs | See moˑwa̲ |
pitch | sdiyʼa | Sn |
pitch, smear on (as a sign of mourning) | pʼloˑqʼ | Sv |
pitch-wood | qačʼn | Sn |
pitter-patter (as the heart) | kʼaw̓ | Sv |
pity, to | yo | S-v |
place names: these are listed in order of their English translations (and the translations are those given by the informants with very slight editing). Items for which no translation was obtained are listed in alphabetical order at the end of the section. A numeral indicates that the place is shown on the map found in the volume containing the Texts. and information about that place will be given in the accompanying Key. Descriptive material will be thus given here only for places not shown on the map. Places which are names of tribal groups are not listed here but will be found below under “tribal names.”“Above” | blay | The town of Bligh. Sl |
“All-along-the-Top” | ʔiWr̲LWn̲nʼa | See ʔiW Klamath Falls. 100. |
“Among-the-Bushes” | ʔiWqaˑyi̲ʼa | See ʔiW 131 |
“Apparition-Place” | he̲ssleˑks | See sleʔ 109 |
“Around-the-Neck” | ʔiWqʼaˑqʼ | See ʔiW Fort Klamath. 159. |
“Around-the-Neck-River” | ʔiWqʼaˑqʼnʼi g̣og̣e | See ʔiW Wood River. 154. |
“At-Round-Object-on-the-End” | lᵛawʼaˑlʼsd̲at | See lᵛ 68 |
“Badger-Standing-in-Water” | kols tgᵛews | See tgᵛ 49 |
“Badger’s-Place” | kolsʔmksi | See kol 36 |
“Bald-Eagle’s-Place” | yawqʼlmksi | See yawqʼl 71 |
“Ball-Court” | se̲qʼawehʔkʼys | A flat area at Crater Lake; see Text 10.; See qʼaw̓ |
“Bear’s-Place” | witʼeˑmʔmksi | See witʼeˑm 50 |
“Berry (sp.)-Place” | čʼayangsdi | See čʼayang 110 |
“Big-Space-Around” | moˑ ginkangs | See gin 69 |
“Bird-Lookout” | čʼikʼs waLg̣kʼys | See waLg̣ 9 |
“Bird’s (sp.)-Home” | qawdoˑgiˑsm čiˑs | See qawdoˑgiˑ 157 |
“Blackbird-Standing-on-Top” | čʼeg̣s dᵛawls | See dᵛ 117 |
“Blow- Through- Place” | wisg̣n̲di | See wi 67 |
“Blueberry-Place” | qʼlaˑǰksi | See qlaˑǰ 5 |
“Boiling-out” | ditqʼags | See di 85 |
“Bridge-Place” | slan̲kʼwsksi | See slan̲ 54 |
“Bubble-up-Place” | sčʼolʼksi | See sčʼolʼ 66 |
“Bullhead’s-Well” | kʼoččʼalm sʔilgs | See sʔilg Location never elicited. |
“Bull-Snake’s-Nest” | wamnagsʔm waˑs | See wamnag An island where the Williamson River Road joins the road from Chiloquin. |
“Burying-Place” | pʼnan̲ksi | See pʼnan̲ 59 |
“Cache-Place” | wog̣sdi | See wog̣ 60 |
“Canoe-Dredged-up” | sg̣ᵛotqʼags | See sg̣ᵛ No location obtainable. |
“Carry-Crow-up-The-Hillside” | g̣aˑg̣s ksᵛawlyeˑgs | See ksᵛ 8 |
“Carrying-on-One’s-Shoulders” | he̲sčʼikʼwaleˑʼs | See sčʼikʼwal Mount Thielsen. |
“Cave-Place” | g̣omeˑksi | See g̣ome 29 |
“Chalk-Place” | lobg̣sksi | See lobg̣ Apparently not the same as the next entry, but no location recorded. |
“Chalk-Place” | lobg̣sr̲r̲ksi | See lobg̣ 26 |
“Charcoal-Lake” | lkʼom ʔews | See lkʼom 14 |
“Chickadee-Place” | čʼisg̣iˑg̣s | See čʼisg̣iˑg̣i One mile below the hatchery on Crooked Creek. |
“Clam-Eating” | g̣leˑčʼpʼań̲kʼys | See pʼań̲ 43 |
“Cottonwood-Place” | wlalksi | See wlal 139 |
“Cough’s-Spitting-on” | ʔoqsoʼsʔm sloqʼtn̲ys | See ʔoqsoʼ 28 |
“Crawfish-Crawling-up” | g̣oyʼalm sg̣eyg̣s | See sg̣e 51 |
“Cut-on-Top-Place” | qdᵛawldi | See qdᵛ 58 |
“Diaphragm-Burnt-Through” | pʼaws nᵛkekʼs | See nᵛ Mount Harrison. Named after a man who went there on a power quest and returned able to utter only these words. |
“Dogs’-Place” | r̲e̲wač̓aˑkʼlmksi | See wač 150 |
“Down-Away” | ʔiWdbn̲lʼg̣a | See ʔiW Spring at the head of Crystal Creek. Translation dubious. |
“Dry-on-Top” | mpʼaqʼwls | See mpʼaqʼ 95 |
“Eat-First-Place” | sniWaˑdglsi | See sni 18 |
“Excrement-Falling-up-out” | sqʼeń̲s r̲e̲ʼwotqʼags | See w A place near the Wolf Ranch, where evil-smelling volcanic mud boils up and falls on the ground. |
“Falling-Downhill” | weqweˑLs | See w 103 |
“Fishnet-Stands-on” | wlo ksᵛikLs | See ksᵛ No location obtainable. |
“Flint-Place” | mbosagsawaˑs | See mbosag The town of Chiloquin. 40. |
“Going-Across-with-the-Fin-Showing” | čʼinkʼws | See čʼin 65 |
“Grass-Place” | ksonksi | See kson 93 |
“Grave-Place” | spinoˑksi | See spinoˑ 63 |
“Hang-around-the-Neck-Place” | waqʼaˑqʼksi | See w 123 |
“Hawk-Sitting-in-Water” | ndoga̲s čᵛewys | See čᵛ No location obtainable. |
“Head-Place” | nʼosksi | See nʼo 17 |
“Hehǰiˑʔas’-Place” | hehǰiˑʼsmksi | See hehǰiˑʼ 31 |
“Herd-Going-to-the-End” | čᵛabaˑni | See čᵛ 13 |
“Heron-Sitting-on-Top” | r̲é̲r̲qʼaˑhʔsʔm čᵛikLs | See čᵛ A mountain on the boundary of the old Reservation. |
“Hole-Through-Rocks” | qday ginqn̲ys | See gin 99 |
“Hollow-on-Top” | r̲é̲r̲g̣oM̓lʼi | See g̣oM̓ Goosenest Mountain. |
“Horse-Place” | wačksi | See wač 34 and 124. |
“Huckleberry-Place” | ʔiwmg̣eˑni | See ʔiwm Huckleberry Mountain. |
“In-the-Berries (sp.)” | čʼayangsd̲at | See čʼayang 151 |
“In-the-Spring” | g̣awmd̲at | See g̣awm 84 |
“Is-Inside” | ʔiWLy | See ʔiW 92 |
“Island-Place” | ʔawalwsg̣eˑni | See ʔawalw 7 |
“Jumping-over-for-Fun-Place” | se̲hod̲yg̣ieˑʼks | See hod̲ 79 |
“Kom-Sitting-in-Water” | kom čᵛewys | See čᵛ No location obtainable. |
“Knotted-in-Water” | wqʼotʼwas | See qʼotʼ Buck Island. 89. |
“Lake” | ʔews | See ʔew Klamath Lake. |
“Lake-Place” | ʔewksi | See ʔew The Klamath Marsh. |
“Land-Place” | g̣eˑlaa̲lks | See g̣eˑla 120 |
“Limbs-Stick-out-of-Water” | weq sqatqʼags | See qa 23 |
“Little-Alders-Place” | r̲e̲ʼwibl̓aˑkʼs | See wibl 57 |
“Little-Boy-Lying-on-the-Hillside” | čʼaˑg̣iʼaˑkʼ ksᵛalamns | See ksᵛ 114 |
“Little-Boy’s-Place” | čʼaˑg̣iʼaˑkʼimksi | See čaˑg̣i 125 |
“Little-Caves-Place” | r̲e̲g̣om̓aˑkʼksi | See g̣ome 30 |
“Little-Cottonwoods-Place” | r̲r̲e̲wlal̓aˑkʼs | See wlal 139 |
“Little-Ears-Place” | r̲e̲wʼawʼaˑqkʼalmksi | See wʼawʼaˑq 87 |
“Little-Hill-Place” | lalli̲ʼ̓aˑkʼs | See lalli̲ʼ 11 |
“Little-Mountain-Place” | yʼaynʼaʼaˑkʼs | See yʼaynʼa 148 |
“Little-old-Lady’s-Well” | weleˑqʼ̓aˑkʼlm sʔilgs | See sʔilg 141 |
“Little-Pine-Place” | g̣apg̣aʼaˑkʼksi | See g̣apg̣a 3 |
“Little-Plain-Lying-in-the-Way” | saˑykʼaʼaˑkʼ nᵉeqʼys | See nᵉ 52 |
“Little-Rapids-Place” | diwiˑʼaˑkʼs | See di 82 and 96. |
“Little-Rivers-Place” | r̲e̲g̣og̣̓aˑkʼksi | See g̣og̣e 32 |
“Little-Sand-Place” | g̣law̓aˑkʼksi | See g̣law 142 |
“Little-Willows-in-a-Group-along-the-Edge” | r̲e̲ʼyaˑkʼa liwykiˑns | See liw 73 |
“Little-Willows-Place” | r̲e̲ʼyaˑkʼar̲r̲ksi | See yaˑ 143 |
“Little-Winter-House” | loldm̓a̲llʼg̣kʼa | See loldm 61 |
“Lizards-Poured-out-on” | qiˑʔa g̣itʼLa̲s | See g̣itʼ 53 |
“Lodgepole-Pine-on-the-Very-Edge” | waˑko ʔiwliˑwa | See ʔiW 156 |
“Long-Object-in-the-Sun-Place” | ʔᵛatʼaˑwi̲ʼks | See ʔᵛ 46 |
“Medicine-Getting-Place” | yawg̣sa̲lks | See yawg̣ 28 |
“Mound-in-Water” | sqoyws | See sqoy 134 |
“Mountain-Place” | yʼaynʼaks | See yʼaynʼa Yainax. |
“Mouth-Place” | somdi | See som 15 |
“Muledeer’s-Wading-out” | baˑg̣oˑlsm banyg̣is | See ban 74 |
“Mullet-Eating” | tlag̣s pʼań̲kʼys | See pʼań̲ 128 |
“Mullet (sp.)-Killing-Place” | histʼyys lwelks | See lwel Summer Lake Ridge, near Beatty; a place on the old Reservation boundary. |
“Netting-Place” | dekčnʼks | See dek Skillethandle Point. 108. |
“Nettle-Cord-Place” | sleˑčʼsksi | See sleˑčʼ 136 |
“On-the-End” | ʔiWwʼaˑlʼa | See ʔiW 4 |
“On-the-South-Side” | moˑwa̲kstʼa | See moˑwa̲ 64 |
“On-the-Very-Edge” | ʔiwliˑwa | See ʔiW 80 |
“Otter’s-Den” | qʼoLtʔm waˑs | See qʼoLt 45 |
“Owl’s-Nest” | mokʼsʔm waˑs | See mokʼ A place south of Chiloquin, near the new Johns Manville plant. |
“Owl’s-Place” | mokʼsʔmksi | See mokʼ A place on the Wolf Ranch, near sqʼeń̲s r̲e̲ʼwotqʼags |
“Piled-up-Place” | swʼaˑlʼsg̣eˑn | See swʼaˑlʼ A place on the Klamath Marsh where there was a large cairn. |
“Plant(sp.)-Place” | čapdi | See čap No location obtainable. |
“Plant(sp.): Artemisia tridentata Nutt.)-Place” | qbolWiʔmg̣eˑni | See bolWi 24 |
“Plural-Objects-in-Water” | ʔiwa | See ʔi Summer Lake. |
“Poured-up-on-Shore” | g̣itʼbaˑtn̲čks | See g̣itʼ 98 |
“Projecting-on-the-End” | stakmʼaˑčʼ | See stak Eagle Point. 118. |
“Propped-up-against” | ʔiWawnʼa̲a | See ʔiW 97 |
“Rattlesnake-Cut-in-Two” | qʔis yᵛgatʼs | See yᵛ 145 |
“Red-Place” | r̲é̲r̲taklʼisksi | See tak A mountain near Silver Lake, towards Yamsay. |
“Right-up-against” | ʔiWbaˑtn̲nʼa | See ʔiW 106 |
“Ringing-Instrument” | nr̲é̲r̲ǰaqʼkʼys | See ǰaqʼ 111 |
“Roasting-Place” | noˑg̣a̲lks | See noˑg̣ 113 |
“Rock-Nest” | qdaywaˑs | See qday 2 |
“Rock-Place” | qdaydi | See qday 42 |
“Rock-Place” | qdayksi | See qday 78 |
“Round-Object-in-Water-Place” | lᵛewsi | See lᵛ 104 |
“Round-Object-on-the-End” | lᵛamʼaˑčʼ | See lᵛ 90 |
“Salmon’s-Place” | čʼiyaˑlʼsʔmksi | See čʼiyaˑlʼ 72 |
“Serviceberry-on-the-Bank” | čag lᵛaliˑgs | See lᵛ 121 |
“Serviceberry-on-the-Hillside” | čag lᵛalamns | See lᵛ 137 |
“Serviceberry-Place” | čagg̣eˑni | See čag Rogue River. |
“Serviceberry-Place” | čagdi | See čag A place below Saddle Mountain. |
“Sharp-on-the-End” | kalwʼaˑlʼ | See kal Algoma. 88. |
“Sharp-One” | daqʼnʼi | See daqʼ 39 |
“Sharpening-Instrument” | ʔᵛqʼečʼsa̲lkʼys | See qʼečʼ 19 |
“Shasta-Standing-on-the-End” | sesti tgᵛawʼaˑlʼs | See tgᵛ Squaw Point. 112. |
“Snake’s-Lying-in-Water” | wisingm dinws | See din 12 |
“Snipe-Place” | nʼaˑtʼaksi | See nʼaˑtʼa 35 |
“Spread-out-in-Water” | hiwws | See hiw 75 |
“Spring-Place” | g̣awmg̣eˑni | See g̣awm 37 |
“Spring-Place” | g̣awmr̲r̲ksi | See g̣awm 130 |
“Sqamdi’s-Den” | sqamdiwaˑs | See sqamdi 20 |
“Standing-on-the-Bank” | dᵛaliˑgs | See dᵛ 25 |
“Star’s-Fall” | qčoˑlʔm ntʼiwlʼg̣s | See ntʼiw 119 |
“Star’s-Plain” | qčoˑlʔm saˑykʼa | See saˑykʼa LaPine. |
“Striped-Rocks-Place” | balaˑwʼsksi | See balaˑwʼ A place to the north of Crater Lake and a boundary marker of the old Reservation. Rock formations at this place are in the form of vertically striated bluffs, almost like pillars. |
“Sucker’s-Going-up-out” | čʼomsʔm gᵛotqʼags | See gᵛ 16 |
“Sunrise” | niˑLg̣s | See niˑLg̣ 86 |
“Sunset-Place” | dinneˑgksi | See din 132 |
“Swan-Place” | g̣osksi | See g̣o 38 |
“Swan’s-Going-up-out” | g̣osʔm gᵛotqʼags | See gᵛ 21 |
“Taking-out-of-Water-with-a-Pointed-Instrument” | kᵛiwykiˑns | See kᵛ 33 |
“Tgolʼoˑts’-Lying-in-Water” | tgolʼoˑtsʔm ksᵛews | See ksᵛ 152 |
“Tgolʼoˑts’-Lying-Underneath” | tgolʼoˑtsʔm ksᵛodiˑlks | See ksᵛ 155 |
“Tracking-Over” | g̣wen̲pʼleˑg̣is | See g̣wen̲ l49. |
“Tree’s-Extending-out” | g̣oˑsʔm wqiws | See wqiw A place below Lang’s Ranch, near the Williamson River Cemetery. |
“Trees-Growing-out-in-a-Line” | g̣oˑs waˑmykiˑns | See waˑm The Williamson River Cemetery. Possibly the same as the last above? |
“Trees-Standing-in-a-Group-on-the-Edge” | g̣oˑs liwliˑgs | See liw 140 |
“West-Side” | tg̣almakstʼa | See tg̣alm 41 |
“Where-It-Is-Clear” | r̲é̲r̲yallʼant | See yal Spring Creek. 22. |
“Where-It-Is-Rough” | r̲é̲ˑr̲qeˑY̓lʼant | See qeY̓ 115 |
“Wild-Parsnips-among-(Rocks)” | skʼawangs lᵛakʼčʼwys | See lᵛ 133 |
“Willow-beside-the-Edge” | yaˑs ksᵛelwys | See ksᵛ 55 |
“Willow-on-the-End” | yaˑs ksᵛawʼaˑlʼs | See ksᵛ 77 |
“Willow-Place” | toqʼsksi | See toqʼ 76 and 146. |
“Wokas-Getting-Place” | woksa̲lks | See wok 107 |
“Yellowhammer-Flying-along-the-Side” | čʼews honlamns | See hon 102 |
ʔawsmi | Sn Bare Island. 116. | |
bečmi | Sn 62 | |
r̲é̲r̲čal̓aˑkʼs | See čal 81 | |
čeˑLg̣sdi | See čeˑLg̣ Saddle Mountain. | |
čokʼalws | See čokʼalw 56 | |
čʼaqʼwi | Sn 48 | |
čʼniWiˑlʼs | See čʼniˑWiˑlʼ No location obtained.; See Texts, 38.48. | |
dokwa | Sn The Mouth of Williamson River. 70. | |
doylkʼat | Sn 6 | |
giˑws | See giˑw Crater Lake | |
gombat | Sn Pelican Bay. | |
g̣oWasdi | See g̣oWa 144 | |
g̣welgsdi | See g̣welg Lake of the Woods. | |
r̲é̲r̲homsdi | See hom 158 | |
ǰigyes | See ǰigye 44 | |
kelms | See kelm Mount Calimus. | |
koyLa | Sn Fuego Mountain. | |
lalawqʼat | Sn 10l. | |
layqʼyaˑmi | Sn Fairchild, California. Possibly not Klamath. | |
leqʼmeˑsi | Sn A place at Warmsprings. Possibly not Klamath. | |
lʼoqoˑgat | Sn 138 | |
maˑdamsksi | See maˑdam 135 | |
močʼoˑy̓aˑkʼs | See močʼoˑy 1 | |
molsi | See mol Said to mean “Black-Swan-Place” (?). 129. | |
r̲é̲r̲r̲nenms | See nenm No location obtained. Said to be named after a mythological figure who kept crying /nenam nenam!/ BL thought this meant “Up! Up!” The myth is given by Curtin (1912). | |
paksa | Sn Little Wokas Bay. | |
qawkʼat | Sn 127 | |
qʼačwʼeˑč | Sn 27 | |
qʼaǰi | Sn 122 | |
sidaygsdi | See sidayg A place at Warmsprings. Possibly not Klamath. | |
soˑqetmi | Sn 147 | |
tanʼaqʼaksi | See tanʼaqʼa 105 | |
tg̣ablamč | Sn A place supposed to be somewhere on the northern banks of Klamath Lake. | |
tʼilkoydi | See tʼilkoy Shoalwater Bay. | |
tʼomsandi | See tʼomsan Mount Scott.; Also see waˑlmsiˑni below with the same gloss (?). | |
waktalys | See waktal Said to mean “Lodgepole-Pine-Place.” 10. | |
watangs | See watang 91 | |
waˑlmsiˑni | See waˑlm Mount Scott.; See tʼomsandi above with the same gloss (?). | |
wilwaldi | See wilmal 83 | |
wlʼiˑč | Sn 94 | |
place names (concluded)* | yaʼaˑkʼ | See ya 47 |
yanaldi | See yanal Agency Hill. 153. | |
yʼamsiˑ | See yʼam Yamsay. | |
place of | di | sn sv |
place of | ksi | sv sn sp sd sa sl |
place of (region of) | g̣eˑni | sn sl |
places (in … places) | ʼaˑs | sa |
plain (clearing, open space) | saˑykʼa | Sn |
plan, to | newlʼg̣ | Sv |
planned to do | a̲stg | sv |
planning to (intending to) | samni | sv |
plant: the following are the names of plants which either have no commonly known English name or which are unidentifiable. These are roughly grouped into: berries, bushes, grasses, reeds. roots, and miscellaneous-unidentifiable. The author’s unfamiliarity with plant taxonomy renders this list liable to error.berries:berry (sp. called “bearberry” by informants) | čʼmoLq | Sn |
berry (unknown sp. of edible red berry) | r̲r̲e̲sčoqʼoˑlysʔm | See sčoqʼy |
blueberry (Lonicera conjugalis) | ʔod | S-n |
blueberry (sp.) | baˑw | -S-n |
blueberry (sp.) | qʼlaˑǰ | Sn |
currant | čʼomsqʼ | S-n |
serviceberry (also called “saugusberry”) | čag | Sn |
thimbleberry | r̲e̲he̲sqamoˑlsʔm | (Rubus parviflorus Nutt.).; See qam The same (or another similar sp. ?) is also called r̲e̲he̲ssqačʼoˑli̲ʼsʔm; See čʼoli̲ʼ |
“thornberry” (also called “willowberry”) | čʼayang | S-n |
bushes, flowering plants, sagebrushesplant (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) | bolWi | Sn |
plant (Chrysothamnus bloomeri Grey) | waˑMi | Sn |
plant (Compositae, sp.) | waL | -S-n |
plant (Kunzia tridentata). | ǰag̣lo | Sn |
plant (sp. bush) | čʼomčʼaq | Sn |
plant (sp. bush) | qʼow | -S-n |
plant (sp. flowering plant) | ʔoˑlʼsʔm bonws | See ʔoˑlʼ |
plant (sp. sagebrush) | česleyn | -S-n |
plant (sp. sagebrush similar to Artemisia tridentata) | kʼat | Sn |
plant (sp. similar to wild parsnip) | g̣oˑd | -S-n |
grasses, seedsplant (Balsamorrhiza sagittata) | lba | Sn |
plant (Equisetum hyemale L.) | wačakw | S-n |
plant (Glycerinus, sp., or Agrostis perennans) | notak | Sn |
plant (marsh weed) | g̣odaˑ | Sn |
plant (mustard seed: Sisymbrium incisum Engelm.) | čʼipʼ | Sv |
plant (mustard seed. sp.) | wisingʔm čʼipʼs | See čʼipʼ |
plant (rye grass: Elymus condensatus Presl.) | g̣leˑpi | Sn |
plant (squaw grass: Xerophyllum tenax) | ʔepat | Sn |
plant names (continued)grasses, seeds (continued)plant (swordgrass, sp.) | beˑnhi | Sn |
plant (swordgrass, sp.) | čaw | -S-n |
reedsreed (burr-reed) | wčaq | Sn |
reed (Juncus balticus Willd.) | čʼnaw | Sn |
reed (Phragmites phragmites) | saˑl | Sn |
reed (Phragmites. sp.) | tg̣ap | Sn |
reed (Rumex geyeri or R. paucifolius Nutt.) | g̣naˑwat | Sn |
roots, tubersroot (Angelico) | ma | S-n |
root (Calochortus macrocarpus Dougl.) | yan | S-n |
root (Carum gairdneri) | ndalk | Sn |
root (Carum oregonum Wats.) | g̣eˑ | S-n |
root (Camassia esculenta) | bog̣s | See bog̣ |
root (death camas) | sgaw | Sn |
root (Gatschet gives Pencedanum ambiguum; Kouse cogswellia utriculata (Nutt.) Jones; sp. identified by LK as either Lomantium canbyi C. and R. or Lomantium piperi C. and R.) | leY | S-n |
root (Sium cicutaefolium Gmel.) | wqam | Sn |
root (sp. unknown) | mag̣iˑp | Sn |
root (sp. unknown) | dawiˑq | S-n |
root (sp. unknown) | g̣itnʼa | -S-n |
root (sp. unknown) | qlanʼe | Sn |
root (sp. unknown) | qlo | Sn |
root (sp. unknown) | tʼaks | S-n |
root (sp. unknown) | waˑl | Sn |
root (wild potato: Gatschet gives Sagittaria sagittifolia or Sagittaria variabilis; Sagittaria latifolia) | čwa | Sn |
root (Valeriana) | kʼoˑl | Sn |
miscellaneous-unidentifiableplant (sp. similar to wokas) | čyaˑw | S-n |
plant (sp. unknown) | ʔot | S-n |
plant (sp. unknown) | čap | Sn |
plant (sp. unknown) | non | S-n |
plant (a crop) | he̲swaˑ | See waˑ |
plate (dish) | sapLs | See sapL |
plate, act upon a | sʔoˑ | S-v |
plateau | knaˑt | Sn |
play, to | leˑwʼ | Sv |
play a flute | slʼoˑlwʼ | Sv |
play a joke | gmay | Sv |
play a rattle | ʔoloˑkʼ | Sv |
play cards | ligal gi | See ligal |
play catch | se̲qʼawehʔa | See qʼaw̓ |
play pool | landoˑʼ | Sv |
play possum | pʼeˑhǰiˑʼ | Sv |
play, the handgame | nayatʼiˑya | Sv Sn |
play tug-of-war | he̲spidg̣leˑʼa | See spi |
playing (in competition) | eˑʼ | sv |
playing cards | ligal | Sn |
please … ! ([polite imperative)) | ang | sv |
pleased, be | dičʼeˑwi̲ʼa | See dičʼ and eˑwi̲ʼ |
plot against | newlʼg̣tn̲a | See newlʼg̣ |
plow, to | sbᵛtʼoˑyi̲ʼa | See sbᵛ |
pluck (a bird) | oLqʼ | sv |
plug up | stʼil | S-v |
plugging up (closing, shutting) | akʼy | sv |
plum (wild plum) | dmolo | Sn |
plume | sdᵛotn̲ys | See dᵛ |
plural objects, act upon | ʔi | S-v (cl.). |
plural, action upon () | ˑ | sv |
payaˑqʼo | Sn | |
pocket, in a | akʼčʼwy | sv |
pocketknife | qʼosapʼ | S-n |
pod | čʼiLq | Sn |
point, on the | amʼaˑčʼ | sv |
point, to | g̣in | S-v; Also sqol S-v |
point (in the handgame, indicating the position of the hidden bones), to | spel | S-v |
point out (show) | ʔalaˑY | Sv |
pointed instrument, act with a | kᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
pointed instrument, act with a (stabbing, spearing) | s | S-v (cl.). |
pointed object, act with a | sqol | S-v |
poison, to | spʼaw | S-v |
poison oak | čʼimtʼsm | See čʼi; Also r̲e̲čʼibqʼsm; See čʼi |
poke with a pointed instrument | kᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
poker (for fire) | qba | Sn |
pole | waL | S-n |
pole (fishing) | wqa | Sn; Also swʼᵛewoˑts; See swʼᵛ |
police | poliˑ | S-n |
policeman | r̲r̲e̲snʼog̣ys | See snʼog̣ |
pond lily: “wokas” | wok | S-n Further English entries having to do with this common food plant will be found under “wokas.” |
pond lily (sp. similar to wokas) | čʼiniˑqʼ | S-n |
pool (deep spring) | welw | S-n |
pool, play | landoˑʼ | Sv |
poor | r̲e̲ʼyolʼg̣spči | See yo |
poor (thin, unhealthy), be | sʔoysʔ | Sv |
pop, to | nčʼiw | S-v |
porcupine | čeˑl | S-n |
porcupine needles | smaˑy | Sn |
ʔm | sn sp sd sa sl | |
dan | sp | |
post (roof-support) | sčaw | S-n |
pot | čʼikʼaˑyi̲ʼoˑts | See čʼi |
pot (iron kettle) | liLpʼ | S-n |
potato | čwa | Sn |
poultice | doˑtn̲ys | See doˑ |
pounce on | delwg | Sv |
pound, to | qʼečʼ | -Sv |
pound down (tamp) | din | -Sv |
pound into a compact mass | qičʼ | -Sv |
pound with a fist or foot | kt | S-v (cl.). |
pound with a long instrument | w | S-v (cl.). |
pound with a round instrument | n | S-v (cl.). |
pour | g̣itʼ | S-v (cl.). |
pout | wbelqʼ | Sv |
pout (have naturally protruding lips) | wloq | S-v |
powerful, be | g̣illi̲ʼ | Sv |
power-quest, perform | spodw | Sv |
prairie (open space, clearing) | saˑykʼa | Sn |
prairie dog | msa | S-n |
prayer | pleya | Sn |
preacher | priˑča | Sn |
precipice | Wal | S-n |
pregnant, be | kosl̓ | Sv |
pregnancy spots, have | snakʼl | Sv |
premonition, have (be an omen) | tg̣otg̣ | Sv |
premonition in a dream. have (?) | tʼn̲ | sv |
pretty | dičʼiˑkʼaˑni | See dičʼ |
pretty, be | ǰleˑkʼ | Sv |
prick (thorn), to | kčʼen̲ | Sv |
prickle (as when one’s foot goes to sleep) | toy̓ | Sv |
prickle (feel something sharp) | lʔekʼ | Sv |
prickly, be | Lopʼ | +Sv |
prisoner | sponLydk | See spon |
prisoners | ʔiLydk | See oLy |
privy | lačʼkʼa | See lačʼ |
prod in the ribs | sǰiqʼa | See ǰiqʼ |
prohibit (forbid) | hiwsg | Sv |
prohibit (warn) | r̲e̲woytn̲bga | See woy |
project, to | sqačʼ | S-v |
project in a grove | witʼ | S-v |
project in a line | waˑm | S-v (cl.).; Also lčʼi S-v |
project out onto a plain | wqiw | Sv sv |
project to a point | stak | S-v |
promise, to | ʔapʔo | S-v |
prone obj., act upon a | doˑ | S-v |
pronged or heavy obj., act upon a | qa | S-v (cl.). |
prop up underneath | sdᵛodiˑla | See dᵛ |
proper names: these are alphabetized according to their English translation (quite makeshift in many cases) in four major sections: mythological characters (and cf. under “mythological animals” as well), men’s proper names, women’s proper names. and animals’ proper names.proper names—mythological characters: These are divided on the basis of their occurrence in the accompanying Texts into major characters, subsidiary characters. and minor characters. Many more common nouns also occur as the names of myth beings (e.g., such important figures as | /čʼaˑqyʼaˑk/ | “Little Boy”), but they are not found in any of the author’s texts and so are not included here. A few names which do not occur in the Texts but which have no common noun meaning (i.e., function only as “proper names”) are added here. Text references follow each entry wherever possible. It should be noted that the present division into major, subsidiary. and minor characters is based solely upon the occurrence of these figures in the author’s texts; in the totality of Klamath mythology the status of many of these beings would almost certainly have to be changed. |
Major charactersBald Eagle | yawqʼl | Sn 15 |
Black Bear | witʼeˑm | Sn 1 |
Coyote | wʼa | S-n Or kʼolyʼaˑ Sn 2, 3, 13, 16. |
Fish-hawk | dogwʼ | -S-n 15 |
Hidden-One | ʔaysis | See ʔaysi 4.272 ff. |
Pelican | koml | Sn 5.87 ff., 15, 16. |
Porcupine | čeˑl | S-n 3, 4.331 ff. |
Skunk | čʼaˑs | S-n 9 |
Weasel | čʼasgaˑy | Sn 7, 10. |
čečteˑs | S-n 7. (Equated with “Old Mink”). | |
gmo | S-n (Gmokʼamʼč). 4.241 ff, 5.57, 6, 11.16 ff, 13.96 ff, 16.39 ff, 17.15 ff, 18.8 ff, 26.60 ff. | |
hehǰiˑʼ | S-n (Hehǰiˑʔas). 8. | |
sqel | Sn (“Old Marten” or “Old Mink”—not used as a common noun). 10, 18.80. | |
swaˑya | Sn 5 | |
Subsidiary charactersAntelope | čew | Sn 1.2 ff, 2.52 ff, 5.59, 10.65, 13.84 ff. |
Badger | kol | S-n 2.1 ff. |
Buffalo | yohoˑ | Sn 3.4 ff. |
Bullhead | kʼoččʼa | Sn 6.2 ff. |
Frog | kowʼe | Sn 5.2 ff. |
Goose | loˑ | S-n 8 |
Grizzly Bear | loq | Sn 21.9 ff. |
Hat | baˑlʼaˑʼ | S-n 3.76 ff. |
Nighthawk | čʼasg̣iˑp | S-n 7, 17.2. |
Qawdoˑgiˑs | Birds | qawdoˑgiˑ S-n 11 |
Thunderbird | r̲r̲e̲lmen̲ys | See lmen̲ 13.12 ff. |
leˑw | Sn (The “Leˑw,” a monster dwelling in Crater Lake). 10.55 ff. | |
sqamdi | Sn 19 | |
Minor charactersAnt | qʼiMaˑč | Sn 4.328, 5.62. |
Awl | saqda | Sn 1.111, 4.147. |
Blue Crane. | sʔoˑg̣ | S-n 1.135. |
Breaking-through-with-Rocks | mbastga nqewi̲ʼYabgs | See qewi̲ʼ 7.20. |
Brown-Spots-above-the-Eyes | qʼaWlʼir̲e̲se̲lᵛikLs | See lᵛ 7.13. |
Butterfly (sisters) | weq | -Sn 4.314, 4.328. |
Chewing-up-Little-Trees | g̣apg̣a g̣wᵛačʼeˑsys | See ačʼeˑs 7.9, 17.6 ff. |
Cottonwood | wlal | Sn 13.72. |
Crow | g̣aˑg̣ | Sn 1.27, 13.4l. |
Deer | lilhang | S-n 10.61. |
Digging-up-Serviceberries | čag r̲e̲ʼlᵛotqʼags | See lᵛ 7.15.; Also recorded as čag r̲e̲lʼog̣s; See lʼog̣ |
Dove | ʔoˑlʼ | S-n 10.91. |
Dragonfly | qoqding | S-n 5.64 ff. |
Flea | kʼotʼ | S-n 5.62 |
Grasshopper (or Locust) | tʼaˑhʔ | -S-n 4.328 ff. |
Little Mudhen | stʼokʼwa | Sn 4.277 ff. Given by PO as “Little Squirrel” (and so recorded in the translation of the Texts) but later corrected by RD to “Little Mudhen.” |
Louse | kʼoY | S-n 5.48, 5.62. |
Mallard Duck | Weˑg̣ | S-n 4.277 ff. |
Meadowlark | sqolʼe | Sn 4.38 ff, 4.438 ff. |
Mudhen | tʼohoˑ | S-n 4.277. |
Ponderosa Pine | g̣oˑ | S-n 2.34. |
Rose Bush | čʼwidi | Sn 2.43. |
Sagebrush (sp.) | kʼat | Sn 2.38 |
Sandhill Crane | qʼlidiˑ | S-n 4.277. |
Serviceberry | čag | Sn 13.65. |
Sky-Roarer | g̣aloˑ qaˑqag̣s | See qaˑqag̣ 7.24, 17.2 ff. |
Snipe (Killdeer) | čʼwiˑdidig | S-n 4.55. |
Snowbird | čʼikʼaˑ | Sn 4.277. |
Snowbrush | r̲r̲e̲slʼabtn̲ysʔm | See slʼab 13.55. |
Stump | tʼotʼ | S-n 13.48. |
Willow | yaˑ | S-n 13.77 |
qʼaǰičwʼačweˑʼ | S-n Said to mean “show-off.” | |
tgolʼoˑt | S-n Said to be similar to (or identical with?) /čʼaˑqyʼaˑk/ “Little Boy.” | |
yaˑhʔ | -S-n | |
proper names—men’sBear-Slayer | loq r̲r̲e̲lwelys | See lwel |
Big-Old-Knees | r̲e̲qʼolʼančʔmč | See qʼolʼinč |
Big-Old-Testicles | r̲r̲e̲slʼolgʔmʼč | See slʼolg |
Brown | r̲é̲r̲čʼislʼi | See čʼis |
Bucket-Belly | poqʼoˑnkas | See nka |
Buttocks-in-the-Face | čʼoqbg̣s | See čʼoq |
Hair-Hat | lag̣ čʼoyeˑs | See lag̣ |
Little Marten | sqel̓aˑkʼ | See sqel |
Little Nail | ǰigmin̓aˑkʼ | See ǰigmin |
Muddy-Brown-Headed | r̲é̲r̲mʼak nʼos gidk | See mʼak |
Night-Wanderer | psin r̲e̲damnoń̲wys | See damnoń̲ |
Pants-Hanging-Down | nᵉiǰqʼoˑlys | See nᵉ |
Sharp-Nose | čaqʼpsis | See čaqʼ |
Stingy-with-Trouts’-Eyes | meYsm lolb wiˑčʼigs | See wiˑčʼig |
Widower | čimʼandk | See čimʼan |
čiˑloqin | S-n | |
čʼopbaq | Sn | |
lʼiˑk | -S-n | |
tʼak | -S-n | |
proper names—women’sAwfully-Stupid | qʼapapsys | See paps |
Bogeyman-Foot | qoˑʼs peč | See qoˑʼ |
Cooler-by-Blowing | snogs | See snog |
Little-Fire | lolog̣kʼa | See lolog̣ |
Lively-One (?) | wčʼeg | S-n |
Pig-Eye | goso lolb | See goso |
Pig-Tooth | goso dot | See goso |
Snipe (Killdeer) | čʼwiˑdidig | S-n |
Stella’s-Mother | sdelakʼsa̲b | See kʼis |
sagaˑt | S-n | |
sdela | Sn | |
proper names—animals’Pacer | r̲r̲é̲ˑr̲ltig̓s | See ltig̓ (Dog’s name). |
diˑgi | Sn (Dog’s name). | |
propped up against | awnʼa̲ | sv |
prostitute | r̲e̲se̲dᵛewlʼg̣ys | See dᵛ |
proud, be | yaˑmi̲ʼ | Sv |
prune a tree | gay | -Sv |
pubic hair | smʼaˑk | See mʼaˑk |
pucker the lips | sdočʼoˑkʼ | Sv |
puff the breath (onto a patient in a curing ceremony) | swokʼ | S-v |
pull, to | pᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
pull a tooth | kʼatʼ | +Sv |
pumice | čog̣i | Sn |
puncture | kekʼ | -Sv; Also kewi̲ʼ -Sv |
puncture (pierce, as the ears) | kᵛeqn̲a | See kᵛ |
puncture and peel (with the fingernails) | čʼlidg̣a | See čʼlᵉ |
pup (pet name for a dog) | weloč | Sn |
pupil of the eye | r̲é̲r̲boslʼi | See bos |
purse | waˑg̣ogs | See waˑ |
pus | čʼitqʼags | See čʼi; Also mʼolʼs; See mʼolʼ |
push, to | ktiwčnʼa | (etc.).; See kt; Also yᵛiwčnʼa (etc.).; See yᵛ |
put in order | wlelg̣ | Sv |
put on (clothes) | lwᵛ | S-v (cl.).; See also under the names of various articles of clothing. |
put out a fire | sipč | Sv |
putting down | elʼg̣ | sv |
quail (California quail) | r̲r̲e̲sdᵛawllʼg̣s | See dᵛ |
quail (mountain quail) | digaˑgaʼ | S-n |
quarrel, to | sasalky | Sv |
quarter of a dollar | kwaˑda | Sn |
quartz | wqʼa | S-n |
question, ask | woln̲ | Sv |
quickly | balaq | Srt |
quickly (fast, violently) | g̣illi̲ʼank | See g̣illi̲ʼ |
quiet, be | qap | S-v |
quiet (calm), be | tʼaˑm | S-v; Also g̣em S-v |
quit | g̣lewy | Sv |
quiver | ʔaqaˑwi | sn |
quiver (?) | doˑkangs | See doˑ |
quiver (skin bag for the bow and arrows) | weg̣eˑp | S-v |
quiver (as jelly), to | moY̓ | Sv; See also “shiver.” |
mat | Srp | |
rabbit | kay | Sn |
rabbit (cottontail) | čʼwakʼna | Sn |
rabbit (jackrabbit) | ng̣ol | Sn |
rabbit (small sp.) | r̲é̲r̲kʼoY̓s | See kʼoY̓ |
rabbitskin blanket | qʼalyʼa | Sn |
raccoon | wačginʼa | Sn |
race, to | soynʼ | Sv |
rack (for drying fish) | sbahoˑts | See bah; Also sčokʼlʼg̣s; See sčokʼ |
rack (for storage) | g̣eL | S-n |
rag | siˑl̓aˑkʼ | See siˑl |
rags (to wrap the feet with) | pʼiwg̣ | S-n |
railroad train | lolog̣s weˑgan | See lolog̣ and weˑgan; Also treyn Sn |
rain, to | qdoˑč | Sv |
rainbow | wičʼyaq | Sn |
raise (a child) | he̲stsiń̲ | See tsiń̲ |
raise (crops) | he̲swaˑ | See waˑ |
raising (lifting) | oyeˑg | sv |
raising (picking up) | adgl | sv |
ramrod | sqolr̲sg̣n̲nʼoˑts | See asg̣n̲ |
rapids | diwiˑs | See di |
rattle (cleft-stick) | ʔoloˑkʼs | See ʔoloˑkʼ |
rattle (deer-hoof) | sr̲e̲r̲čaqʼoˑts | See čaqʼ |
rattle, to | čaqʼ | Sv |
rattles (snake) | sne̲Walwis | See Wal |
rattlesnake | qʔi | S-n |
raw, be | sang̣i | Sv |
razor | se̲ʔᵛyʼoˑqʼoˑts | See yʼoqʼ |
reach (touch, act with the hand) | das | S-v; Also nʼiq S-v |
reach, to | tpek | S-v |
reaching (arriving) | adbn̲ | sv |
read | ʔeˑʔalg̣ | Sv |
ready, be | mʼolwʼ | Sv |
really | ʔeč | Srp |
receding hairline, having | r̲r̲e̲stʼaqʼLyykiˑndk | See tʼaqʼ |
receive | dekdang̣a | See dek |
recently | tʼeyn | Sra |
recently (a little while ago) | niˑya | Srt |
recognize | qoyg̣ | Sv |
recognize, not | qayqmʼ | Sv |
recover (heal) | wen̲bli | See wen̲ |
recover consciousness | se̲mčelg̣bli | See mčelg̣ |
red, be | tak | S-v |
reddish, be | ǰoy | S-v |
red-hot, be | ǰoyoˑ | S-v |
reed: for various spp. see under “plant.” Reeds having commonly known English names will be found under those headings. | t | sv sn sd sa sl sr |
reflect in water | kčalwa | See kčal |
reflection | kčalwys | See kčal |
se̲ | pv pd pr | |
region of | g̣eˑni | sn sl |
regret, to | Lil | Sv |
regret doing | sombal | S-v |
rejoice | sidyaykʼ | Sv; Also qʼoyseˑwi̲ʼ Sv |
relate (tell) | heseˑks | Sv |
relate one’s ailments | soˑwi | Sv |
related, be | sʔaˑMkʼ | Sv |
relative | sʔaˑMkʼs | See sʔaˑMkʼ |
relative whose connection has been broken by the death of an intermediate link (e.g., the brother of one’s deceased wife) | spinwyb | See spinoˑ |
release (let go) | deliˑn | Sv |
releasing | osg | sv |
relieve oneself, go to | gᵛeqn̲ča̲a | See eqn̲ |
relieve oneself from a canoe | čʼoqliˑna | See čʼoq |
remain behind | čᵛalʼaˑlʼbga | See alʼaˑlʼ |
remainder | ʔibgčʼn̲a | See ʔi |
remaining () | obg | sv |
remaining (in a state resulting from past action: having been … ed) | odg | sv |
remember | hoˑskanga | See hosʔ |
render grease | sdilʼg̣a | See di |
repeatedly in the air | eˑqʼ | sv |
replacing | akʼapsdi | sv |
report (take news) | sdil | S-v |
mat | Srp | |
rescue, to | lewg | Sv; Also sne̲ʼwibga; See wibg |
rest, to | g̣eˑǰigoˑla | See g̣eˑǰig |
resurrect | sne̲witn̲bli | See wi |
retriever | r̲e̲hod̲wys | See hod̲ |
returning | ebli | sv |
revenge, take | se̲ʼwalg̣a | See walg̣ |
revive | he̲shoqn̲bli | See hoqn̲; Also sne̲witn̲bli; See wi |
revolve | akʼiˑčʼ | sv |
rib | laˑl | S-n |
rice | r̲e̲mʼolq̓aˑkʼ | See mʼolq |
rich (powerful, prestigeful) | lag̣i | Sn Sv |
riches | domdwaˑ | See dom and dwaˑ |
rickety (swaying), be | čok | S-v |
rickety (unstable, loose), be | čey | Sv |
ride (a horse) | he̲sg̣isčnʼa | See g̣is; Also he̲shoˑd̲čnʼa; See hoˑd̲ |
ride (in an automobile, wagon) | lᵛor̲yamna | (etc.).; See lᵛ; Also sdilnčnʼa; See diln |
right (side) | steLbg | S-n (?). |
right (true) | qadak | Sra |
right away | nannwi | sv |
right up to | alčʼwy | sv |
rim of a basket, make | tʼg̣̓ | -Sv (?). |
ring (finger) | nʼepsisiˑls | See sisiˑli̲ʼ |
ring, to | ǰaqʼ | -Sv |
ring, wear | nʼepsisiˑli̲ʼa | See sisiˑli̲ʼ; Also lᵛoLy; See lᵛ; Also lᵛakyamna; See lᵛ |
rinse out the mouth | se̲qbᵛočʼkʼa | See qbᵛ |
ripe, be | noˑg̣ | Sv |
ripple, to | lqʼań̲ | Sv |
rise (sun) | niˑLg̣ | Sv; Also dinyg̣i; See din |
rising | adgl | sv; Also oyeˑg sv |
river | g̣og̣e | Sn |
riverbed (dry) | g̣og̣e palwys | See pal |
road | sdo | Sn |
road, in the | eqʼy | sv |
roan-colored (golden-red-brown), be | qas | S-v |
roan-colored (light reddish-brown), be | lʼim | S-v |
roar (as water, crowd, stampede) | sil̓ | Sv |
roar (with laughter) | sdoqʼ | Sv |
roast, to | noˑg̣̓a̲la | See noˑg̣ |
roasting (on coals) | aps | sv |
roasting (on the fire) | alʼaˑlʼ | sv |
roasting stick | sdᵛeLWn̲oˑts | See dᵛ |
robin | wisg̣ag̣ | Sn |
rock | qday | Sn |
rock (for cooking) | mba | S-n |
rock (heated and put on parts of the body affected by chills, arthritis, etc.) | se̲ʼlᵛelʼg̣s | See lᵛ |
rock the body to and fro | swʼinkanga | See wʼin |
rocking chair | swʼinkangoˑts | See wʼin |
rocky, be | qeY̓ | Sv |
rodeo | loˑdiˑn | Sn |
roe | Loqʼs | See Loqʼ |
Rogue River people | čagg̣eˑnkniˑ | See čag |
roll (wad up, tangle) | qʼoli̲ʼ | -Sv |
roll, to | diln | S-v |
roll in snow (on the power quest) | lpeʼ | sv |
roof | slᵉawls | See slᵉ |
root | wewk | Sn |
root: for various spp. see under “plant.” Roots having commonly known English names will be found under those headings.rope | qnog̣ | S-n |
ropelike obj., act upon a | ton | S-v; Also a few forms under nᵉ S-v (cl.). |
rose (wild rose) | čʼwidi | Sn |
rot (rust, decay) | slʼeqʼ | Sv |
rot (spoil, sour) | ntʼopʼ | Sv |
rotten wood | molo | Sn |
rough terrain, be | qeY̓ | Sv |
rough up | kʼoˑs | -Sv |
round, be | qʼal | S-v |
round instrument, act with a | n | S-v (cl.). |
round obj., act upon a | lᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
round objs. (few), act upon | pew | S-v |
row (a boat).; See “canoe, act upon a.”row, in a.; See “line, in a.”row hard | ʔoˑ | S-v |
rub off of oneself | se̲ʔidg̣oˑla | See odg̣ |
rub on (paint on) | tčʼoˑs | -Sv |
rub on (pitch, as a sign of mourning) | pʼloˑqʼ | Sv |
rub the hands together | se̲dᵛqʼoˑli̲ʼa | See qʼoli̲ʼ |
rule, make | newlʼg̣ | Sv |
rumble (as thunder, a noise in the distance) | lil̓ | Sv |
rumble (stomach) | qol̓ | Sv |
rump | se̲dᵛikLs | See dᵛ |
rumpus, make | qʼeˑli̲ʼ | Sv |
run (few; four-legged animal) | wle | S-v |
run (pl.) | din | S-v |
run (pl.; few) | dos | S-v |
run (road) | new | S-v |
run (ropelike obj.) | ton | S-v |
run (sg.) | hod̲ | S-v (cl.). |
run aground | ʔᵛawllʼg̣a | See ʔᵛ |
run away (flee) | qeˑq | S-v |
run away from home | gᵛowqiˑwa | See wqiw |
run over (with a wagon, automobile) | lᵛiǰqʼa | See lᵛ |
run slowly or purposefully (sg.) | hoˑd̲ | S-v (cl.). |
rust, to | slʼeqʼ | Sv |
rutabaga | taˑsnaˑk | S-n |
rye grass | g̣leˑpi | Sn |
sack | tʼaˑyʼ | S-n |
sack (buckskin sack for storing clothing) | waklo | Sn |
sack (gunny sack) | qʼočwʼal | Sn |
sack (type) | wilisik | Sn |
sack (type having vertical stripes on the edges) | r̲r̲e̲lg̣ᵉamnis | See lg̣ᵉ |
sad, be | qʼoyeˑwi̲ʼ a | See qʼoy; See also “mourn” and “regret.” |
sad (over an absence), be | lag̣y | Sv |
saddle | qakLs | See qa |
saddle (old style) | nᵉikLs | See nᵉ |
saddle blanket | ʔikLs | See ikL |
saddle blanket (old style) | pewL | S-n |
saddlesore, have | wen̲La̲a | See wen̲ |
salmon | čʼiyaˑlʼ | S-n |
same | se̲hongpči | See hoˑd |
same place | hatkak | Sl |
sand | g̣law | S-n |
sandal (buckskin), wear | waksna | Sv Sn |
sandal (tule) | wipga | Sn |
sap (sweet, from deciduous trees) | pʼilings | See pʼiling |
Satan | monaˑdalʼkniˑ | See monaˑ |
satisfied, be | gᵛiwyʼg̣a | See gᵛ |
Saturday | se̲ʔeˑtʼs | See ʔeˑtʼ |
saugusberry (serviceberry) | čag | Sn |
save (rescue) | sne̲ʼwibga | See wibg |
savior | r̲r̲e̲sne̲ʼwibgys | See wibg |
saw | slᵛolčʼoˑts | See slᵛ |
sawlike obj., act with a | slᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
sawmill | slᵛčaˑyi̲ʼs | See slᵛ |
say, to | sʔab | Sv |
scale (fish) | čʼiLq | Sn |
scales | sne̲nqʼiqʼlʼg̣oˑts | See nqʼiqʼ |
scar | wen̲lʼg̣bliWiˑs | See wen̲ |
scared (afraid), be | wos | Sv |
scared (startled), be | toqʼ | Sv |
scared (terrified), be | sinʼams | S-v |
scattering | owi | sv; Also aywwi sv |
scavenge | mosʼa̲la | See mos |
school | skoˑl | Sn |
scissors | sisoˑ | Sn |
scorch | nqotʼ.. | Sv |
scrabble | qaˑčʼ | -Sv |
scrape | ᵛqoˑt | -Sv |
scrape for grubs | dmey | Sv |
scrape for moth chrysalids | byen | Sv |
scrape hide | oLqʼ | sv |
scrape off | ᵛqitʼ | -Sv |
scrape off (a surface) | Lat | -Sv |
scrape off (clean off) | qetʼ | -Sv |
scrape off (something spilled) | ᵛqičkʼ | -Sv |
scrape out | ᵛdoqʼ | -Sv |
scraper (deerhorn) | kᵛiwliˑnoˑts | See kᵛ |
scraper (for skinning) | nᵉosgoˑts | See nᵉ |
scraps of dried fish | noˑg̣sʔm | See noˑg̣ |
scratch, to | daqč | Sv |
scratch (scrabble), to | qaˑčʼ | -Sv |
scratch (scribble, sharpen), to | qʼečʼ | -Sv |
scratch off | ᵛqitʼ | -Sv |
scream, to | pakʼ | Sv |
scribble (scratch) | qʼečʼ | -Sv |
scribble (mark on) | lʼaˑkʼ | -Sv |
scuff (abrade) | klaˑ | S-v |
scuff off (a bit of skin, leather) | kleqʼ | S-v |
scuff (the feet) | klot | S-v |
seagull (large sp.) | qʼatyaˑwʼ | S-n |
seagull (large sp.) | kolʔa | Sn |
seagull (small sp.) | qʼeˑč | Sn |
seagull (smallest sp.) | ʔig | S-n |
seal (animal) | walkoy | Sn |
search for | g̣aˑykʼ | Sv; Also qmag̣ Sv |
season of | ʼeˑmʼi | sn |
secret, keep | ʔaysi | Sv |
secrete (sap) | pʼiling | Sv |
sedge | wičpaˑy | Sn |
see, to | sleʔ | Sv |
seed | loˑq | Sn |
seed pod (winged seed pods of certain trees) | honlʼg̣s | See hon |
select. See | aqaˑyi̲ʼ | sv |
self | daˑk | Sre |
selfish, be | wiˑčʼig | Sv |
sell, to | sesadwi | Sv |
semen | kʼeˑlʼ | S-n |
send (gift, letter) | sne̲gᵛiwčnʼa | See gᵛ |
send (message) | noˑ | S-v |
send (person) | sgoyw | S-v |
separate (from one another) | biˑ | S-v |
separate (seeds from pods) | čapʼ | -Sv |
separate (seeds from pods: thresh, mash) | qoyi̲ʼ | -Sv |
separately | weliˑ | S-l |
serve on a tray, plate | sʔoˑwy | See sʔoˑ |
serviceberry | čag | sn |
set (sun) | noˑli | See noˑ; Also dinneˑga; See din |
set a dog upon | ksᵛoga̲tn̲a | See ksᵛ |
setting down | elʼg̣ | sv |
seven | labksept | See laˑb and ksept |
seventeen | tewnʼip̓ant labksept | See tewnʼip, laˑb and ksept |
seventy | labkseptnʼi tewnʼip | See laˑb, ksept and tewnʼip |
sever (pl.) | golčʼ | -Sv |
sever (sg.) | gattʼ | +Sv |
sever the head | kʼačʼ | -Sv |
sew | sqen̲ | Sv |
shadow | mʼaYs | See mʼaY |
shady, be | mʼaY | Sv |
shake | swʼᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
shake (head) | lᵛr̲e̲r̲pʼeqʼa | See lᵛ and pʼeqʼ |
shake all over | peL̓ | -Sv |
shake off the head | sgičkč | Sv |
shake out | čiqʼ | -Sv |
shake out (blanket, clothes) | wLičʼ | Sv |
shake wokas with live coals on a basket tray | siwy | Sv |
shaking forward and backward | ačʼwa | sv |
shallow | wikʼaˑ ʔeˑWi̲dk | See ʔeˑWi̲ |
shaman | qyog̣ | S-n |
sharp, be | kal | S-v |
sharp instrument, act with a | s | S-v (cl.). |
sharp-edged, be | daqʼ | Sv |
sharpen | qʼečʼ | -Sv |
sharp-pointed, be | čaqʼ | +Sv |
Shasta | sesti | Sn |
shatter (a brittle obj.) | pʼakʼ | +Sv |
shatter (a flimsy obj., a brittle obj.) | čewi̲ʼ | -Sv |
shatter (a thin surface) | tewi̲ʼ | +Sv |
shave | yʼoqʼ | -Sv |
shave (wood) | čoˑčlʼ | -Sv |
shavings, make | ʔičiˑčʼa | See čičʼ |
shawl | he̲slᵉoyg̣s | See slᵉ |
shed (a skin, as a snake) | skinčʼiˑsqʼaga | See skin |
shed (a winter coat) | čʼiˑl | S-v |
shed (hair; moult, become bald) | slʼoqʼ | Sv |
sheep | wyʼa | S-n; Also qʼwiˑl Sn |
shelf (rack for storage) | g̣eL | S-n |
shell (pod) | čʼiLq | Sn |
shield | snotʼoˑts | See snotʼ |
shinbone | waqkʼ | S-n |
shinbone awl | wag̣lw | S-n |
shine (glow) | kčal | S-v |
shine (moon) | wg̣awʼ | Sv |
shingles, make | ʔičiˑčʼa | See čičʼ |
shinny-ball | ǰimaˑʼ | S-n |
shiny, be | čʼel̓ | Sv |
shirt | čoLys | See čoLy |
shirt (armor) | qaqnʼoˑlʼ | S-n |
shirt, wear | čoLy | Sv |
shiver (from chills or fear) | neL̓ | Sv |
shiver (from cold) | dos̓ | Sv |
shiver (from fatigue or hunger) | Liw̓ | Sv |
shiver (from palsy or old age) | tʼiw̓ | Sv |
shiver (like jelly) | moY̓ | Sv |
shoe, wear | sdiksoˑy̓ | Sn Sv |
shoestring | he̲sličlʼg̣oˑts | See slič |
shoot (a sg. obj.) | sliń̲ | Sv |
shoot (at a target) | slʼoˑg̣l̓ | Sv |
shoot (once) | dewy | Sv |
shoot (pl. objs.) | nkʼeysʔań̲ | Sv |
shoot (pl. times) | yʼoˑ | S-v (cl.). |
shore, along the | aliˑg | sv; Also oYn̲ sv; Also alYn̲ sv |
shore, to the | abaˑtn̲ | sv |
shore, up on (out of the water) | oykiˑn | sv |
short (close, near) | wikʼaˑ | Sl |
shot (bullets) | baLaˑ | S-n |
shoulder | LapʼakL | S-n |
shoulder blade | niˑčg̣ | S-n |
shoulder blades, place between the | sʔepaqL | S-n; Also se̲dasdg̣ibgs; See das |
shout, to | nqen | Sv (cl.). |
shovel | keˑčnʼoˑts | See keˑ |
show, to | he̲ssleʔa | See sleʔ |
show (point out), to | ʔalaˑY | Sv |
show-off | qʼaǰičwʼačweˑʼ | S-n |
show-off, to | he̲sčaˑndgi | See čaˑn |
shuffle | kčečʼ | S-v |
shut up! | qʼa pagsdgi! | See pag |
shutting | akʼy | sv |
shy, be | salkʼy | Sv |
sick, be | sill̓ | Sv |
sick (hurt), be | mʼaˑsi̲ʼ | Sv |
side (just under the shortribs) | Leqʼo | -S-n |
side (on the …, off the …, etc.).; See “edge.”side, on the … side | ksta | sn sp sd sa sl |
sieve | sčiqn̲oˑts | See či |
sift | slačʼ | S-v |
sifting basket | slačʼqn̲oˑts | See slačʼ |
siftings (bits of shell and debris left over from sifting wokas or other seeds) | qaǰiˑʼ | -S-n |
sight (of a gun) | sdᵉlawllʼg̣s | See dᵉl; Also dᵉleLWn̲ys; See dᵉl |
silent, be | qap | S-v |
silk | leswi | Sn |
silly, act | qʼeˑlʼi̲ | Sv |
silly, be | gaykʼ | Sv |
similar to (like) | sitk | sre; Also pč sn sp sd sa |
sinew | mboyč | Sn |
sinew bow-backing | ʔiLWn̲ys | See eLWn̲ |
sing, to | swin̲ | Sv |
sink (pl.) | lmeˑlʼg̣a | See lmeˑy |
sink (sg.) | mpetʼlʼg̣a | See mpetʼ |
sister (man’s elder or younger sister) | tobaks | S-n |
sister (woman’s elder sister) | tʼaˑl | -S-n |
sister (woman’s younger sister) | tabyʼ | S-n Sl |
sister-in-law (man’s brother’s wife; wife’s sister) | molg̣ | S-n |
sister-in-law (man’s wife’s younger sister) | ksoˑnisga | Sn |
sister-in-law (husband’s brother’s wife) | čig̣ | -S-n |
sister-in-law (woman’s brother’s wife; husband’s sister) | ʔalaˑm | -S-n |
sit (pl.) | r̲e̲ʼwaˑbga | (etc.).; See waˑ |
sit (sg.) | čᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
sit down hard | sčemis | S-v |
six | Načksept | See Naˑs and ksept |
sixteen | tewnʼip̓ant Načksept | See tewnʼip, Naˑs and ksept |
sixty | Načkseptnʼi tewnʼip | See Naˑs, ksept and tewnʼip |
skim off | ʔiliˑna | See ʔi |
skin | čʼelgs | See čʼelg |
skin (cured hide) | mbaw | S-n |
skin (uncured hide) | qla | S-n |
skin, act on a piece of | bᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
skin (roasted skin of birds), eat | čʼelg | Sv |
skin an animal | nᵉosga | See nᵉ |
skinning scraper | nᵉosgoˑts | See nᵉ |
skirt, wear | sčʼiwaˑg | S-v |
skunk | čʼaˑs | S-n |
skunk cabbage | čʼaˑsysʔm tʼapq | See čʼaˑs and tʼapq |
sky | g̣aloˑ | Sn |
slacken | sLeg̣oWdgi | See Leg̣oW |
slander someone not present | sne̲mačaˑdga | See mačaˑ |
slap, to | teWčʼ | -Sv |
slap (tap), to | čʼasaqʼ | -Sv |
slap on the ear, to | čʼaw | -Sv |
slap on the hand, to | tʼaytʼitʼy | -Sv |
slap openhanded, to | ʔeqʼ | -Sv |
slash open a bulbous round obj. | titʼ | +Sv; Also aLaˑsg̣n̲ sv |
slave | loˑg | S-n |
sleep, to | qtan̲ | Sv |
sleet | čaˑy | -S-n |
sleet (snow mixed with rain) | gᵛoLqʼs | See gᵛ |
slide, to | lwʼič | S-v; Also čᵛ S-v (cl.).; Also kt S-v (cl.). |
slide down | oLal | -Sv |
slide down a slope | kok | -Sv |
slide down on the stomach | wʼinLWn̲čʼn̲a | See wʼin |
sliding off a tubular obj. | očʼiˑpʼ | sv |
slimy, be | lʼag̓ | Sv |
sling (or bull-roarer?) | sqiˑwʼ | S-n |
slip (and sit down hard) | sčemis | S-v |
slip (let something drop) | debl | S-v |
slippery, be | čloqʼ | +Sv |
slitting open | aLaˑsg̣n̲ | sv |
slobber, to | weˑčʼ | Sv |
slowly | kʼewnʼi | Sra |
smack the lips | očʼisg | -Sv |
small | kʼeččʼa | Sa; Also nčʼekʼ Sra |
small of the back | skʼaˑm | Sn |
smart (eyes, lips), to | qiw | Sv |
smash (a brittle obj.) | pʼakʼ | +Sv |
smash (a flimsy or brittle obj.) | čewi̲ʼ | -Sv |
smash (a surface) | tewi̲ʼ | +Sv |
smear (color or pitch) | lʼoˑmi̲ʼ | -Sv |
smear (paint) | twaˑqʼ | Sv |
smear (pitch on the head as a sign of mourning) | pʼloˑqʼ | Sv |
smell, to | sdig | Sv (cl.). |
smell (have an odor), to | bilwi | Sv |
smile, to | mʼotčʼočʼoˑyʼ | Sv |
smoke, to | slaˑyg̣ | Sv |
smoke (a hide) | smoˑlʼ | Sv |
smoke (tobacco, a pipe, etc.) | pʼag̣ | Sv |
smokehole | dᵉleqn̲ks | See dᵉl |
smooth, be | čloqʼ | +Sv |
snacking (biting, swallowing) | og̣y | sv |
snail | qʼawʼ | S-n |
snail (slug) | r̲e̲r̲é̲ˑr̲lʼag̓s | See lʼag̓ |
snake (black snake) | wising | Sn |
snake (blue racer snake) | r̲r̲e̲wlaqkangs | See wlaq Or r̲r̲e̲wlaqčis; See wlaq |
snake (bull snake) | wamnag | S-n |
snake (two-headed) | may | Sn; Also laˑba nʼos gidk; See nʼo; Also biblant nʼosa̲ldk; See biblan and nʼo |
snap against (as a branch) | teWčʼ | -Sv |
snarl (speak roughly to) | qiWkʼ | Sv |
sneeze, to | ʔeččoʼ | Sv |
sniff (test a scent) | soqʼ | -Sv |
snipe (killdeer) | čʼwiˑdidig | S-n |
snipe (Wilson snipe) | nʼaˑtʼa | Sn |
snore, to | Loˑqʼ | Sv |
snot | sniˑg̣̓s | See sniˑg̣̓ |
snow, to | ken̲ | Sv |
snow, in the | awʼiˑn | sv |
snowbird | čʼikʼa | Sn |
snowbrush | r̲r̲e̲slʼabtn̲ysʔm | See slʼab |
snowflakes (big and fluffy) | čʼomsʔm skodas | See čʼom and skod |
snowshoe | ni | Sn |
so (then, and) | čoy | Srp |
soak | tkʼaˑw | S-v |
soar | g̣ičʼoˑ | S-v; Also gobal S-v |
sob, to | Yakʼ | Sv |
soft, be | pčʼoˑqʼ | Sv |
soft (flabby, cushiony), be | tʼosqʼ | Sv |
soft (fuzzy, linty), be | mʼog̓ | Sv |
solar plexus | pʼaw | S-n |
soldier | soˑlǰa | Sn |
soldiers | soˑlǰ | S-n |
sole of the foot | tʼag̣aˑq | Sn |
some | nanqa | Sa |
somehow | waq | Sri |
someone | ka | Sd |
something | dwaˑ | Sa |
sometime | dadaˑ | Sri |
sometimes | r̲e̲ditnʼa | See dinʼaˑ |
somewhere | d̲at | Sl sn sp sd sa sl |
son | wnag | Sn |
son (elder) | tg̣eˑwnʼa̲b | See tg̣eˑw |
son-in-law | qeˑs | -S-n; Also wg̣oˑbgs; See wg̣oˑ |
soon | balaq | Srt |
soot | čʼapsg̣iˑ | S-n; Also čʼapkʼeˑk S-n; Also cf. Lapkʼeˑk S-n “ash from a hot fire.” |
sop (bread in gravy) | r̲e̲ʼlᵛer̲wa | See lᵛ |
“soppings” | r̲e̲ʼlᵛer̲ws | See lᵛ |
sores, have (?) | mtʼ | -Sv |
sorrel (plant) | r̲é̲r̲ǰoylʼi | See ǰoy |
so-so | ʔomʼʔamʼs | Sra |
sound (make a noise) | Wal | S-v (cl.). |
soup, eat | Loˑb̓ | Sv |
sour (stale), be | mʼeqʼ | Sv |
sour (rot, spoil), to | ntʼopʼ | Sv |
south | moˑwa̲t | See moˑwa̲ |
south-east | yeˑwa̲t | See yeˑwa̲ |
south-west | gobast | S-n |
space, be a | gin | S-v |
Spaniard | mpetʼkangs | See mpetʼ |
spank | teWčʼ | -Sv |
spark, to | ǰoyoˑ | S-v |
speak | hem | Sv |
speak clearly | st | S-v |
speak clearly (emphasize) | sdal̓tn̲a | See dal̓ |
speak roughly | qiWkʼ | Sv |
speak to the spirits | he̲shemkanga | |
See | hem | Also hasaswaˑkʼy Sv |
speak with a Modoc accent | goyʼ | Sv |
speaking the language of the preceding noun | yal | sv sn |
spear (fish spear) | stʼakwʼ | S-n |
spear (javelin, for competition) | se̲kten̲eˑʼs | See kt |
spear (pronged) | qalʼg̣s | See qa |
spear (salmon) | qi | S-n |
spear (fish), to | qalʼg̣a | See qa |
spectacles | r̲e̲se̲lᵛakʼws | See lᵛ |
spider | qʼalǰiǰig | S-n |
spinster | siww̓mʼč | See siww |
spirit (of the dead) | noˑlis | See noˑ |
Spiritland | noˑlisg̣eˑni | See noˑ |
“spirit rock” | yadiˑ | S-n |
spirited, be | leg | S-v |
spit, to | sloqʼ | S-v; Also qbᵛ S-v (cl.). |
spit out | Leˑ | -Sv |
spit out a seed | dwičqʼ | Sv |
spittle | sloˑqʼog | S-n |
splash (with a handful of liquid) | qliw | S-v |
split, to | čayi̲ʼ | +Sv |
split the skull, to | komi̲ʼ | -Sv |
split thin, to | čičʼ | -Sv |
spoil (food) | qʼoy g̣lega | See g̣leg |
spoil (in making) | qʼoy sʔodtʼa | See qʼoy |
spoil (rot) | ntʼopʼ | Sv |
spoon | mičʼoˑ | Sn |
spoon out | sg̣in | S-v |
spoonbill | g̣ononoˑʼ | S-n |
spoor, leave | g̣wen̲ | Sv |
spoor, track a | haY | S-v |
spotted, be | ltoˑqʼ | Sv |
sprain, to | qʼos | -Sv |
spread out (a mat) | slan̲ | Sv |
spread out (a substance) | ʔoˑwan | S-v |
spread out (dispersed) | aywwi | sv; Also owi sv |
spread eagle | wLetʼ | S-v |
spreading | owi | sv |
spring (pool) | welw | S-n |
spring (streamlet, water source) | g̣awm | Sn |
spring (season), be | sqoW | Sv |
sprinkle | čʼečʼ | -Sv |
sprinkle a handful of liquid on | qliw | S-v |
sprout, to | stabg | Sv |
squash, to | tʼeLqʼ | -Sv |
squash (make too tight) | tʼeli̲ʼ | -Sv |
squash (with pressure) | čʼiqʼ | -Sv sv |
squat | sgaWag | S-v |
sqaw grass | ʔepat | Sn |
squeeze (wring) | ačʼiˑkʼ | sv |
squeeze dry | čʼisq | -Sv |
squeeze out | tʼeli̲ʼ | -Sv |
squeeze out (ooze) | tʼat | +Sv |
squint, to | qʼnačʼiˑqʼ | Sv |
squirrel (gray squirrel) | qen | -Sn |
squirrel (large sp.) | čʼiL | S-n |
squirrel (pine squirrel) | giwʔ | S-n |
squirrel (sp.) | qʼeǰoč | Sn |
stab | s | S-v (cl.). |
stable | sdeybal | Sn |
stag | tog̣iʼa̲ldk | See tog̣i |
stagger | wor̲yamna | See w |
stale, be | mʼeqʼ | Sv |
stallion | lag̣i wač | See wač |
stamp on | tʼeˑqʼ | -Sv |
stamp on (trample down) | qetʼ | -Sv |
stand (pl.; few) | lwʼᵛlw | S-v (cl.). |
stand (sg.) | tgᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
stand in a group | logn | S-v |
star | qčoˑl | Sn |
stare, to | tʼwekʼ | Sv |
start (basket, talking), to | dlelg̣ | Sv |
start (noise, drum playing) | nᵛoyeˑga | See nᵛ |
start (work, journey) | dmo | S-v |
starting | yeˑg | sv |
startle | swaW | S-v |
startled, be | toqʼ | Sv |
stay (pl.) | waˑ | Sv |
stay (sg.) | čiˑ | Sv |
stay at home | čᵛalʼaˑlʼčʼa̲bga | See alʼaˑlʼ |
stay with | kseg̣i | Sv |
steal | pʼall | Sv |
steam, to | Wag̓ | Sv |
steep, be | lalli̲ʼ | Sv |
step (walk), to | g̣is | S-v |
step on | čʼosqʼ | -Sv; Also g̣isǰqʼa; See g̣is |
step-child.; See “step-mother.”step-father | qoˑslʼg̣s | See qoˑs |
step-mother | saˑs | -S-n |
stick (forked stick for stringing fish) | sčiga̲čnʼoˑts | See sči |
stick (piece of wood) | ʔanko | Sn |
stick (used in the gambling game as a counter) | sqosʔ | S-n |
stick on (bits of feathers or fur) | kʼmok | S-v |
stick together (glue) | ntʼakʼ | S-v |
stick together (melt together) | se̲nčakʼdang̣a | See čakʼ |
sticky, be | tʼabkʼ | +Sv |
sticky (slimy), be | lʼag̓ | Sv |
stiff, be | Wič | S-v |
still (absent, quiet), be | qap | S-v |
still (calm, quiet), be | tʼaˑm | S-v; Also g̣em S-v |
still (yet) | ʔoˑč | Srt |
stingy, be | wiˑčʼig | Sv |
stink, to | qʼoy bilwi | See bilwi |
stink bug | r̲r̲e̲skiy̓ys | See skiy̓ |
stir | Loˑ | -Sv |
stir (whip up, as batter or dough) | kᵛčʼaˑqʼa | See čʼaqʼ |
stirrup | loˑlt | S-n |
stocking(s), wear | sdeˑgin | S-n Sv |
stomach | nka | S-n |
stomach, act upon the | bolʼ | -Sv |
stomach, hit in the | pʼipʼ | -Sv |
stomach, lie on the | wʼin | S-v |
stomach-ache, have | nkas gi | See nka |
stoop down | paL | S-v |
stoop over | čʼinlʼg̣a | See čʼin |
stop (an action) | toqʼ | S-v |
stop (die away, as ripples) | Leg̣oW | S-v |
stop (fade away, as sound) | qmeˑs | S-v |
stop (gradually, as waves: subside) | qmeˑW | S-v |
stop (quit) | g̣lewy | Sv |
stop (rain, storm, snow, etc.) | smʼaˑWi | Sv |
store (food, clothes, etc.), to | se̲ʔiwʼaˑYa | See awʼaˑY |
storm (thunderhead) | yalqm | Sn |
stove | stoˑp | Sn |
straddle | sqeqʼ | Sv |
straddle a horse (put a foot over) | pečtʼleˑg̣i | See peč |
straight, be | laq | S-v |
straight (truly, directly) | dalʔaˑk | Sra |
straighten (an arrow) | tg̣oy | Sv |
straighten out (put in order) | wlelg̣ | Sv |
straighten out (tidy, neatly align) | swʼaqsna | S-v |
straightened out, be | tʼas | +Sv |
straight-grained | lg̣ᵉočʼn̲dk | See lg̣ᵉ |
strain the eyes | aypʼeˑkʼ | -Sv |
stranger | weliˑtankniˑ | See weliˑ; Also wennikniˑ; See wenniˑ |
strangle (on a mouthful of food) | ntop | S-v |
strangle (on something in the throat) | qliń̲ | Sv |
strangle (someone) | yᵛačqʼaˑqʼa | See yᵛ |
strangle (with the fingers) | čʼlᵉačqʼaˑqʼa | See čʼlᵉ |
straw (hay) | kson | Sn |
strawberry | ǰoyǰig | S-n |
stretch (a hide) | wak | S-v |
stretch apart | tʼačʼ | -Sv |
string | qnog̣ | S-n |
string, act upon a | ton | S-v |
string (beads, fish), to | slog | Sv |
string (fish), to | sčiga̲a | See sči |
stringlike mass, act upon a | kmᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
strip (naked) | he̲speˑnhi | See peˑnhi |
strip off (as bark) | čičʼ | -Sv |
striped, be | lg̣ᵉ | S-v (cl.). |
striped (horizontally), be | wičʼ | Sv |
striped rocks | balaˑwʼ | S-n |
strips, be in | čiwʼ | -Sv |
strips, in | onamn | sv |
strong (fast, violent), be | g̣illi̲ʼ | Sv |
strong (wiry), be | lič | S-v |
stub the toe | čam | -Sv |
stuck in a hole | akʼakweˑg | sv; Also kʼačweˑg sv; Also akʼčʼwy sv |
stuff, to | g̣iwg̣ | Sv |
stuff (a bird) | ʔisg̣n̲a | See asg̣n̲ |
stump | tʼotʼ | S-n |
stupid | čʼaˑm | S-n |
stupid, be | paps | Sv |
stutter | ʔakʼ | Sv |
stutter (be unable to speak properly) | LaW̓ | Sv |
stutter (mumble) | sʔeWeWʔ | Sv |
suck on | čʼoˑs | -Sv |
suck out | očʼisg | -Sv; Also čʼoˑs -Sv |
suck out disease (as a shaman does) | qbᵛiwčibga | See qbᵛ; Also qbᵛiwdgl; See qbᵛ; Also qbᵛiwqn̲a; See qbᵛ |
sucker: for various spp. see under “fish.”suckle | ʔečʼ | Sv |
suggest remedies | sʔawaˑY | Sv |
summer | padaˑ | Sn |
sun | sʔab | S-n |
Sunday | sandi | Sn |
sunflower seeds | lopiˑliˑn | S-n |
sunken | osn̲ | sv |
sunshine | kčalqn̲ys | See kčal |
sunshine, in the | atʼaˑwi̲ʼ | sv |
support a person (act as a crutch, carry on a litter) | liwaˑ | S-v |
suppurate | mʼolʼ | Sv |
surely | qadak | Sra |
surface, down onto a | eLWn̲ | sv |
surface, on a | eLa̲ | sv |
surprise, to | sg̣emdg̣i | Sv |
surprised, be | sǰim | S-v |
surprised (startled, scared), be | toqʼ | Sv |
surrounding (around the edges) | akʼiˑmi̲ʼ | sv |
surrounding a central obj. | akyamn | sv |
suspect, to | qaˑsi̲ʼ | Sv; Also laʔytn̲a; See lag̣y; Also swew Sv |
suspend | stin | S-v |
suspended | akʼaˑyi̲ʼ | sv |
suspenders | he̲stinyg̣is | See stin |
swallow (bird) | tʼitʼq | Sn |
swallow, to | sg̣odg̣n̲ | Sv; Also Waˑ -Sv |
swallowing (biting, snacking) | og̣y | sv |
swan | g̣o | S-n |
sway (be rickety) | čok | S-v |
sway (tree) | hinkanga | See hin |
sweat, to | swalqʼ | Sv |
sweat (in a sweathouse) | sboklʼi | Sv |
sweathouse | sboklʼis | See sboklʼi |
sweep | Leˑ | -Sv; Also čʼlos -Sv |
sweep (a sg. obj. or a few objs.) | Loˑ | -Sv |
sweet, be | Loy̓ | Sv |
swell up | goW | Sv |
swell up (as a tumor) | ntʼosʔ | Sv |
swim, to | wdom | S-v |
swim (fish) | dᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
swim underwater | qi | S-v |
swing, to | sg̣inwettʼ | Sv |
swordgrass (sp.) | beˑnhi | Sn |
swordgrass (sp.) | čaw | -S-n |
syrupy-looking, be | čʼeč | S-v |
table | teybal | Sn |
tadpole | goʔoˑlʼ | S-n |
tail | qbel | Sn |
take away from | dmesg | Sv |
take care of | beˑLi̲ʼ | +Sv |
take home first | owiˑ | sv |
taking away (action along) | en̲ | sv |
taking away from | odg̣ | sv |
taking off a tubular obj. | očʼiˑpʼ | sv |
talk | hem | Sv |
talk to the spirits | he̲shemkanga | See hem; Also hasaswaˑkʼy Sv |
tall (far, deep, wide) | ʔaˑdiˑ | Sl sr |
tamp down | din | -Sv |
tan a hide | tg̣oy | Sv |
tan a hide (by dipping in deer brains and water) | smoˑkʼ | Sv |
tangle, to | swʼelw | Sv |
tangle (mix up, whip into a mass), to | čʼaqʼ | -Sv |
tangle (wad up) | qʼoli̲ʼ | -Sv |
tangled, be | nᵉačqaˑyi̲ʼa | See nᵉ; Also nᵉačtn̲a; See nᵉ |
tap (slap) | čʼasaqʼ | -Sv |
taste, to | apsa̲ | -Sv; Also edw -Sv |
taste (by just touching the tongue to) | noˑkʼ | -Sv |
taste (good, bad, etc.) | mʼaˑsi̲ʼ | Sv |
tattered, be | tʼekʼ | +Sv |
tattle | Walyg̣i | See Wal; Also sdilsga; See sdil |
tattoo | pal | -Sv |
tea | tiˑ | Sn |
teach | he̲ssʔaywga | See sʔaywg |
teacher | r̲e̲he̲ssʔaywgys | See sʔaywg |
teal (sp.) | čʼeˑg | S-n |
tear (from weeping) | kʼelmʼa | Sn |
tear a hole | ettʼ | -Sv |
tear apart | tʼačʼ | -Sv |
tear down | swʼeng | Sv |
tease, to | gmay | Sv |
tease (by giving a gift and then withdrawing it), to | ǰiˑwʼ | Sv |
tease (ridicule, make fun of) | solwg | Sv |
teat | ʔečʼs | See ʔečʼ |
teethe | dotʼa̲la | See dot |
telephone | hemkangoˑts | See hem |
telescope | delčnʼoˑts | See dᵉl |
tell | sʔab | Sv |
tell (take news, report) | sdil | S-v |
tell a myth | g̣l | sv |
tell on (tattle) | sdilsga | See sdil; Also Walyg̣i; See Wal |
tell the highlights (?) | aplʼ | sv |
temple (body part) | nab | -S-n |
ten | tewnʼip | Sa |
ten, less than | qʼeˑgs | -Sa |
tender, be | lʼeqʼ | Sv |
tent | siˑlhaws | See siˑl and haw |
tepee | sčokʼlʼg̣s | See sčokʼ |
terrified, be | sinʼams | S-v |
testicle(s) | slʼolg | S-n |
than | nalk | Sre |
thank | sepkʼeˑčʼ | Sv |
that (absent) | neˑ | Sd |
that (remote) | hoˑd | Sd |
that big | kʼet | Sri |
that far, long | kʼadaˑ | Sri |
that many, much | kʼank | Sri |
that way | goniˑ | Sl |
then (so, and) | čoy | Srp |
there | hiˑ | S-l |
there (over there) | doˑ | Sl |
there (over there—proximate?) | geˑ | Sl |
there (that place) | hadakt | Sl |
they | sa | Sp |
they (intensive) | baˑd | Sp |
thick, be | hop | (?). S-v (?). |
thief | r̲e̲pʼallys | See pʼall |
thigh | bosaklʼ | S-n |
thimbleberry | r̲e̲he̲sqamoˑlsʔm | See qam; Also r̲e̲he̲ssqačʼoˑli̲ʼsʔm; See čʼoli̲ʼ Possibly different species. |
thin, be | sʔoysʔ | Sv |
thing (“what-you-may-call-it”) | gitgo | Sn |
think | hosʔ | Sv |
think something to be | seˑwi̲ʼ | |
thirsty, be | ʔambodga | See ʔambo |
thirteen | tewnʼip̓ant ndan | See tewnʼip and ndan |
thirty | ndanni tewnʼip | See ndan and tewnʼip |
this (proximate) | geˑ | Sd |
this big, much | kʼet | Sri |
this way | ginaˑ | Sl |
thistle | r̲r̲e̲kčʼen̲ysʔm | See kčʼen̲ |
thorn | r̲r̲e̲kčʼen̲ys | See kčʼen̲ |
thread | qnog̣ | S-n |
threaten | snoloˑkʼ | Sv |
threaten (with a weapon) | stoˑbg | Sv |
three | ndan | Sa |
three-sided (coming to a dead end) | Yatb | sv |
thresh | qoyi̲ʼ | -Sv |
thrice | ndanni | See ndan |
throat | nʼawg̣ | -S-n or S-n |
throb | nǰampkʼ | Sv |
throb (beat hard, as the heart) | diqʼ | Sv |
throb (pitter-patter, as the heart) | kʼaw̓ | Sv |
throb with pain | taw̓ | Sv |
through | eqn | sv |
through a tube | asg̣n̲ | sv |
throw | otʼw | -Sv |
throw (a handful) | keˑ | S-v |
throw (a load, mass of objs.) | wʼetʼ | S-v |
throw (pl. in a heap) | be | -Sv |
thumb | tqʼopʼoˑ | Sn |
thump | ltʼoqʼ | Sv |
thunder, to | lmen̲ | Sv |
Thunderbird | r̲r̲e̲lmen̲ys | See lmen̲ |
thunderhead | yalqm | Sn |
thundering noise, make | lom̓ | Sv |
Thursday | wonibnʼiks | See woniˑb |
ticklish, be | ǰiqʼ | Sv |
tie, to | slič | S-v; Also swᵛ S-v (cl.). |
tight, be | g̣ičʼ | S-v |
tight, make (do something tightly or firmly) | qʼačʼ | -Sv |
tight, make (tie too tightly, squeeze, squash) | tʼeli̲ʼ | -Sv |
tightness | qal | S-n |
time of | ʼeˑmʼi | sn |
tiptoe, go on | ltig̓ | Sv |
tired, be | g̣eˑǰig | Sv |
tired of (“fed up with”), be | mičbi | Sv |
to the edge | oykiˑn | sv |
to the end (limit of a place) | abaˑni | sv |
to the shore | abaˑtn̲ | sv |
toadstool (or mushroom) | lmenč | S-n |
tobacco | qačgal | Sn |
tobacco mixture (native tobacco and Bull Durham) | sokl̓s | See sokl̓ |
today | gen wayts | See wayt |
toddle | kčečʼ | S-v |
together | dola | Sre |
together (meeting, coming together) | dang̣ | sv |
toilet, go out to the | gᵛeqn̲ča̲a | See eqn̲ |
toilet, go to the (baby) | weʼ | Sv |
toilet paper | se̲ʔikʼyoˑloˑts | See akʼy |
tomorrow | mboˑsant | Sn |
tongue | baˑwč | sn |
tongue, act with the | bel | S-v |
tooth | dot | Sn |
tooth, break a | kʼatʼ | +Sv |
toothpick | he̲sqačʼaˑy̓oˑts | See qa |
top (children’s plaything) | he̲sdᵛelʼg̣eˑʼs | See dᵛ |
top, along the | eLWn̲ | sv |
top, be on | wal | S-v sv |
top, down on | eLWn̲ | sv |
top, on (above) | plen | S-l |
top of a full load, on | aptneˑg̣i | sv |
top of a tree | haˑba | Sn |
torch | kopkʼ | S-n |
torch (for night-fishing) | kʼlᵛočʼws | See kʼlᵛ |
touch, to | das | S-v; Also nʼiq S-v; Also tpek S-v |
tough (meat), be | čweˑkʼ | Sv |
toward | dalʼ | sn sp sd sa sl |
toward (action toward for a purpose) | olgi | sv |
toward (coming) | ebg | sv |
town | tawn | Sn |
track (an animal), to | haY | S-v |
track, leave | g̣wen̲ | Sv |
track (mud, etc.), to | tʼabl | -Sv |
trading | oyʼoˑt | sv |
trample down | qetʼ | -Sv |
s | pv | |
trap (fishtrap?) | wlo | Sn |
trap, to | ntʼačʼlʼg̣a | See tʼačʼ |
trap (fish), to | knew | Sv |
travel, to | damnoń̲ | Sv |
tree | g̣oˑ | S-n |
tribal names: the following are the names of some of the groups surrounding the Klamath. It may benoted that almost any place name can be used as a “tribal name” when it occurs with {kniˑ} | sn | sp sd sa sl “from, people or person from.” |
Coos (Hanis) | haˑniˑ | S-n |
Kalapuya | mokey | Sn |
Lower Rogue River | soˑlčoqkniˑ | See soˑl |
Modoc | moˑwa̲t̓aˑkʼkniˑ | See moˑwa̲ |
Montana Indians (tribe unspecified) | wač̓aˑkʼ r̲e̲pʼań̲ys | See pʼań̲ |
Northern tribes (along the Columbia River) | yaˑma̲kniˑ | See yaˑma̲ |
Paiute | saˑd | Sn |
Pit River | moˑwa̲twaˑs | See moˑwa̲ |
Rogue River | čagg̣eˑnkniˑ | See čag |
Shasta | sesti | Sn |
Upland Takelma (or Rogue River) | waˑlmskniˑ | See waˑlm |
Warmsprings | weˑteˑnkniˑ | See weˑteˑn |
Wasco-Wishram | ʔampg̣eˑni | See ʔamp |
Wintu | qadakʼiˑwaˑs | See qadakʼiˑ |
tried to do | a̲stg | sv |
trigger | sliń̲wloˑts | See sliń̲ |
trim (prune a tree), to | gay | -Sv |
tripe | qaqaˑč | Sn |
troll (race of little people) | gagaˑnʼa | Sn |
troll, to | spiwa | See spi |
trolling line | spiwoˑts | See spi |
trot, to | slʼowʼiWyʼ | Sv |
trouble, make | g̣lom | S-v |
trout | meY | S-n |
truly (directly, straightly) | dalʔaˑk | Sra |
truly (surely) | qadak | Sra |
try, to | g̣eg̣w | Sv |
tubular obj., out of | čʼiˑsqʼag | sv |
tubular obj., sliding off of | očʼiˑpʼ | sv |
tubular obj., through a | asg̣n̲ | sv |
Tuesday | labnʼiˑks | See laˑb |
tug-of-war, play | he̲spidg̣leˑʼa | See spi |
tule | may | Sn |
tule (dyed, used as basket material) | moqwʼ | S-n |
tule pith (or “meat” of the roots) | mayʔm lolb | See may |
tule roots (rootlets used in basketry) | mayʔm lag̣ | See may |
tumor (breast tumor) | sg̣a | Sn |
tunnel, dig | dmᵛ | S-v (cl.).; Also lbo S-v |
turkey | sqolʼoˑ | S-n |
turkey buzzard | čway | S-n |
turn (become) | dgi | sv |
turn (change) | g̣leg | Sv |
turn inside out | spentʼoˑ | S-v |
turning around | akʼiˑčʼ | sv |
turning over | ebli | sv |
turnip | taˑnab | S-n |
turtle | ngag | Sn |
tweezers | se̲pᵛyʼoˑqʼoˑts | See yʼoqʼ |
tweezers (pincers) | sne̲čʼliga̲oˑts | See čʼlᵉ; Also sne̲čʼlibgoˑts; See čʼlᵉ |
twelve | tewnʼip̓ant laˑb | See tewnʼip and laˑb |
twenty | labnʼi tewnʼip | See laˑb and tewnʼip |
twice | labnʼi | See laˑb |
twilight, be | tʼibeˑq | S-v |
twinkle | ʔeˑlwʼ | Sv |
twinkle (flicker, glitter) | lʼeqʼ | Sv |
twins | laˑb̓a̲ls | See laˑb |
twist, to | twᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
twist together (to make cord, basket foundation, etc.) | pčiń̲ | Sv |
two | laˑb | Sa |
ugly | qʼoy sleˑs | See qʼoy |
umbilical cord | tʼog̣ | S-n |
unable, be | g̣esg | Sv |
unable, consider someone | čʼoy | Sv |
unbelievable | gyaˑm | -S-n (?) |
unbutton | lᵛtʼepʼkʼwoˑla | See tʼepʼ |
uncle (father’s brother) | seˑy | -S-n |
uncle (father’s sister’s husband) | aws | -S-n |
uncle (mother’s brother) | log̣oˑčʼ | -S-n |
uncooked, be | sang̣i | Sv |
under | odiˑl | sv |
under (below) | monaˑ | Sl |
under the armpit | odiˑl | sv |
under the feet | anasg̣ | sv |
under water or earth | osn̲ | sv |
underarm odor | hoččʼig | S-n |
underpants | montanni | See monaˑ; Also se̲qʼaylaˑlbdiˑlas; See qʼaylaˑlb |
underpants (woman’s) | sakʼaˑlog | S-n |
understand | domn | Sv |
understand (feel, intuit) | mčelg̣ | Sv |
underwater ledge | whilaˑ | Sn |
undoing | oˑl | sv |
undone, come (something loosely fastened) | Loli̲ʼ | +Sv |
undone, come (something tightly fastened) | Lewli̲ʼ | Sv |
undress | lwᵛočʼiˑpʼa | See lwᵛ; Also lwᵛosga; See lwᵛ |
unhappy, be | čʼiyoˑlʼ | Sv |
a number of segments are found for which no meaning can be assigned. Many of these are of dubious segmentation as well. These will be listed here for purposes of future research. It may also be noted that several proper names and many place names also were recorded with no analysis. In view of the overwhelming majority of Klamath personal and place names which do have semantic content, these items are also suspect. They will be found in full at the end of the sections on “proper names” and “place names.” | ||
ʼa | sr | |
aˑʼ | sv | |
bkʼ | sv | |
čaq | -Sv (?) | |
či | S-v | |
čoˑ | -Sv | |
čʼopʼ | S-n | |
daˑnʼa | sr | |
ginʼa | -Sn | |
kʼoˑčg | S-v | |
lʼog | S-v or S-n (?) | |
nčʼo | S-v (cl.). | |
p | sv | |
peˑtʼ | S-n | |
sdgi | -Sv | |
sg̣ag̣al | S-n | |
sleg̣ | S-v | |
snotʼ | S-v .. | |
wiyaˑ | Sn | |
wlaq | S-v | |
yWiˑlg̣ | sv | |
unripe wokas | čʼiniˑqʼ | S-n |
unripe wokas (budding) | dᵛewlʼg̣s | See dᵛ |
untie | sličlʼg̣oˑla | See slič |
untied, be (something loose) | Loli̲ʼ | +Sv |
untied, be (something tight) | Lewli̲ʼ | Sv |
until (only after) | čeˑ | Sre |
until (up to) | banʼi | Sre |
unwrap | wepLoˑla | See wepL |
up (above, over) | oyg̣i | sv |
up (picking up) | adgl | sv |
up (raising) | oyeˑg | sv |
up (uphill, upstream) | amni | sv |
up against | abaˑtn̲ | |
up high | akʼaˑyi̲ʼ | sv |
up high (above, over) | blay | Sl |
up high (on top) | plen | S-l |
up off the back | adgl | sv |
up out of | otqʼag | sv |
uphill | amni | sv |
Upland Takelma (or Rogue River people) | waˑlmskniˑ | See waˑlm |
upside down, turn | sdipn | S-v |
upstream | og̣amn | sv; Also amni sv |
urinate | swičʼ | Sv |
urine | swičʼs | See swičʼ |
use (have a use for someone or something) | gislaˑʼ | Sv |
vagina | stʼem | S-n |
valeriana root | kʼoˑl | Sn |
valley | ginws | See gin |
valley (plain, clearing) | saˑykʼa | Sn |
vehicle, on a | ikL | sv; Also eLa̲ sv |
vehiele, off a | oliˑn | sv |
vein | kʼekʼeˑč | Sn |
venereal disease | goWyʼasg̣s | See goW |
Venus | pse r̲e̲gᵛen̲ys | See en̲ |
ʼa̲l | sv sn | |
vertical obj., act upon a | dᵛ | S-v (cl.). |
very | moˑ | Srm |
violently (quickly) | g̣illi̲ʼank | See g̣illi̲ʼ |
violently, do | ač | -Sv; Also iw -Sv |
violin | ʔoloˑkʼoˑts | See ʔoloˑkʼ |
vision (spirit), have | swin̲ys̓a̲la | See swin̲ |
visit, to | gᵛelwybga | See gᵛ |
visored cap | sdimč | S-n |
vomit, to | čonw | Sv |
wad up | qʼoli̲ʼ | -Sv |
wade | ban | Sv |
wade (paddle, as a waterfowl) | sčʼol | S-v |
wag the tail | se̲ʼwač̓a̲la | See wač |
wagon | čʼiˑk | -Sn; Also weˑgan Sn |
wait for (as game) | waLg̣ | Sv |
wait on ahead for someone | sdaˑY | Sv |
waiting for | awʼaˑY | sv |
wake up | sg̣isoˑl | Sv |
walk, to | g̣is | S-v |
wander | damnoń̲ | Sv |
want, to | sanʼaˑWawli | Sv |
war | se̲lwels | See lwel |
war arrow | kʼeys | See nkʼeysʔań̲ |
warm, be | los | S-v |
warm (lukewarm), be | loqwa̲ | Sv |
Warmsprings | weˑteˑn | S-n |
warn | r̲e̲woytn̲bga | See woy |
warpaint, put on | pʼoˑkʼ | -Sv |
wart | sqʼitʼo | Sn |
Wasco-Wishram | ʔampg̣eˑni | See ʔamp |
wash, to | stabačkʼ | Sv |
wash (body, dishes, fruit) | ǰoqʼ | -Sv |
wash (clothes, hair), to | dmetčʼ | Sv |
wash (hands) | saǰaqw | Sv |
washerman (or -woman) | r̲e̲dmetčʼys | See dmetčʼ |
washpan | stabačkʼoˑts | See stabačkʼ |
waste (spend prodigally) | r̲e̲keˑwllʼg̣a | See keˑ |
watch (a performance) | ʔay̓ | Sv |
watch for | waLg̣ | Sv |
watch from afar | diloˑčibga | (etc.).; See oˑ |
watchman | r̲r̲e̲swᵉar̲lYn̲bgys | See swᵉ |
water | ʔambo | Sn |
-water | čoq | -Sn |
water, act on a container of | čʼi | S-v (cl.). |
water, act on a handful of | qliw | S-v |
water, deep underneath | osn̲ | sv |
water, in (into) | ew | sv |
water, into | okʼčʼw | sv |
water, out of | oyg̣ag | sv; Also oykiˑn sv |
water, up out of | otqʼag | sv |
water pump | ʔambo ʔiyg̣ioˑts | See oyg̣i |
waterfowl | meˑmaqla | sn |
watermelon | sang̣s pʼań̲kʼys | See pʼań̲ |
water-skater (insect) | ǰoyoˑbig | S-n |
wave, make a | lqʼań̲ | Sv |
wave in the breeze | gobal | S-v |
way (kind, fashion) | ʔas | sd; Also mʼas sd |
way, get out of | sʔenw | Sv |
we | naˑd | Sp |
weak-eyed, be | čʼepqʼ | Sv |
weakly | yaNWaˑ | Sra |
wear (clothing) | lwᵛ | S-v (cl.).; See also under the names of various articles of clothing: e.g., “hat,” “shirt,” “pants,” etc. |
wear out | wen̲ | Sv |
weasel | čʼasgaˑy | Sn |
“weather rock” (a shamanistic instrument for calling up wind) | nǰaqʼsgoˑts | See ǰaqʼ |
weave, to | lečʼn̲ | Sv |
web (spiderweb) | qʼalǰiǰigsʔm sne̲ntʼačʼlʼg̣s | See tʼačʼ; Also layg̣s (“netting”).; See layg̣ |
wedge | nčaˑyi̲ʼoˑtkʼys | See čayi̲ʼ |
Wednesday | ndanniˑks | See ndan |
weevil (black weevil) | ʔeˑyʼ | S-n |
weevil-like insect | r̲e̲qamlslʼis | See qaml |
weigh | nqʼiqʼ | S-v |
well (good) | dičʼ | Sra |
well, dig a | sʔilg | Sv |
west | tg̣alm | Sn |
wet, be | mʼoqʼaLtʼ | Sv |
wet (soak), to | tkʼaˑw | S-v |
what | dwaˑ | Sa |
wheat | loˑlomaq | Sn |
wheel | Wiˑl | Sn |
when | dadaˑ | Sri |
where | d̲at | Sl sn sp sd sa sl |
where (there where) | doˑs | See doˑ |
where (there where) | doˑs | See doˑ |
whether | yet dam̓oˑ | See dam |
whetstone | lᵛqʼečʼs | See qʼečʼ |
which | ka | Sd |
which of two | yaˑnWa | sd |
while | i | sv |
whimper, to | Yakʼ | Sv |
whine (as a baby) | mʼeˑqʼy | Sv |
whine (as a dog) | mʼikʼ | Sv |
whip | wdᵛoga̲oˑts | See dᵛ |
whip up (mix) | čʼaqʼ | -Sv |
whip with a limber obj. | tʼitʼ | -Sv |
whirl | g̣ol | S-v |
whirl a sling around | wotʼwkʼiˑčʼa | See otʼw |
whirling around | akʼiˑčʼ | sv |
whirlwind | qaqiˑʔg̣ | S-n |
whiskey | laˑm | Sn |
whisper, to | Leqʼ | Sv |
whistle, to | slʼoyoˑkʼ | Sv |
white, be | bal | S-v |
white man | basdin | Sn |
white of the eye | g̣aloˑ | Sn |
whitish, be | boqʼ | Sv |
who | ka | Sd |
why | waq É giwk | See waq |
wickiup, build | sdinʼaˑʼ | Sv |
wide (tall, far, deep) | ʔaˑdiˑ | Sl sr |
widgeon | čʼamgikʼwa | Sn |
widow, be | wenwy̓ | Sv |
widower, be | čimʼan | Sv; Also slaˑmʼi Sv |
wife | snʼeweˑčʼ | S-n |
wiggle | pʼesʔ | -Sv |
wild celery | bočʼo | Sn |
wild parsnip | skʼawang | S-n |
wild plum | dmolo | Sn |
wildcat | slʼet | Sn |
wildcat (lynx) | slowaˑ | sn |
wildcat (mountain lion) | daˑslaˑt | S-n |
will () | wabg | sv |
willow | yaˑ | S-n |
willow (cascara) | saˑdm pʼań̲kʼys | See pʼań̲ |
willow (sp.) | toqʼs | See toqʼ |
willow bark | qʼalmilmil | Sn |
willow shoot | g̣wewč | sn |
win | win | S-v; Also gᵛoˑli; See oˑli |
win a fight | sqʼom̓ | Sv |
wind | slʼewys | See slʼewy |
wind, blow | wi | S-v (cl.). 4’ 4 |
windbreak | sqečʼlʼg̣s | See sqečʼ |
winded, be | pʼotʼ | Sv |
windpipe | hoqn̲oˑts | See hoqn̲; Also sg̣odg̣n̲oˑts; See sg̣odg̣n̲ |
windy, be | slʼewy | Sv |
wing | Lań̲s | See La̲ń̲ |
wink | qʼnačʼiˑqʼ | Sv |
winning | oˑli | sv |
winter | loldm | Sn |
Wintu | qadakʼiˑ | S-n |
wipe | nčʼamaˑs | S-v |
wipe off the face | ʔibqʼoˑla | See pʼeqʼ |
wiry (strong), be | lič | S-v |
with (instead) | tʼet | sn sp sd |
with () | tga | sn sp sd sa |
with difficulty | čeˑt hak | See čeˑ |
without | qʼelyʼak | Srn |
wokas (pond lily) | wok | S-n |
wokas (parched but yet unhulled) | siwys | See siwy |
wokas (rotted pods ready to have the seeds extracted) | sne̲ntʼopʼlʼg̣s | See ntʼopʼ |
wokas (special high quality) | sbokwʼ | S-n |
wokas (unripe) | čʼiniˑqʼ | S-n |
wokas (unripe and budding) | dᵛewlʼg̣s | See dᵛ |
wokas, grind | beqs | Sv |
wokas, grind lightly to remove hulls | lᵛoliˑna | See lᵛ |
wokas, parch | snab | Sv; Also sʔoˑlʼaˑlʼa; See sʔoˑ |
wokas, pick | r̲e̲ʼlᵛosga | See lᵛ |
wokas bud | qʼambolwʼs | See qʼambolwʼ |
wokas juice | qawčʼi | Sn |
wokas leaf | baLwʼ | -S-n |
wokas mush | slot | S-n; Also noˑg̣̓a̲ls; See noˑg̣ |
wolf | g̣ewč | S-n |
woman | snʼeweˑčʼ | S-n |
women | weˑwʼanʼ | S-n |
wonder …? | bas | Srp |
wood | ʔanko | Sn |
woodchuck (or “groundhog”) | moy | Sn |
woodpecker | sr̲e̲r̲kʼaW̓s | See kʼaW̓ |
woodpecker (red-headed woodpecker) | wʼagin | -S-n |
woodpecker (small sp.) | qiliˑw | S-n |
woodpile | sdoyLs | See sdoy |
wood rat | qočʼaˑ | Sn |
woodtick | sqʼoˑg | S-n |
work (do, make) | sʔ | S-v (cl.). |
work for someone | tʼwaˑY | Sv |
work on something (to prepare it) | r̲é̲ˑr̲beˑLi̲ʼa | See beˑLi̲ʼ |
worm | mʼolq | Sn |
worse | goniˑlʼ | See goniˑ |
wounded, be | qʼaL | S-v |
wrap, to | wepL | Sv; Also smoˑ S-v (?). |
wrap the head | g̣oˑtʼaqʼtn̲a | See g̣oˑ |
wrap the legs around | qbatʼy | Sv |
wren | čʼiˑLoLoˑʼ | -S-n |
wren (tule wren) | čʼiqtʼiˑtʼi | Sn |
wrestle | sosannʼg̣ | Sv |
wring out | ačʼiˑkʼ | sv |
wring out (squeeze dry) | čʼisq | -Sv |
wrinkle from exposure to water | mbodyʼ | Sv |
wrinkled, be | kmᵛqʼoˑli̲ʼa | See qʼoli̲ʼ |
wrist | nᵉawʼaˑlʼs | See nᵉ |
write | somʼalwʼ | Sv |
yard (unit of measurement) | ʔanko | Sn |
yawn, to | skʼayaˑčwʼ | Sv |
year, be | ʔiLoˑl | Sv |
yellow, be | g̣ek | S-v |
yellowhammer | čʼew | S-n |
yellow-headed blackbird | kaklaˑwʼ | -S-n |
yellowjacket | kʼin | S-n |
yelp, to | waq̓ | Sv |
yesterday | ʔonaˑ | Srt |
yet | ʼoˑ | sr |
yet (still) | ʔoˑč | Srt |
yew | čʼobing | S-n |
you (pl.) | ʔaˑd | Sp |
you (sg.) | ʔi | Sp |
young man | nčalqnʼi | See nčalq |
younger | tabyʼ | S-n Sl |
youngest (son, brother) | tabyʼni | See tabyʼ |
zigzag, go | wličʼ | S-v |