Appendix:Musi Swadesh list

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This is a Swadesh list of words in Musi, compared with definitions in English. The Musi language has the ISO 639-3 language code: .

Presentation

For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List

No. English Musi
Basé Musi
ꤸꥇꤾꥇ ꤸꥈꤼꥎꥁꥇ
1 I qu, aqu
2 you (singular) nga
3 he, she, it dié
4 we kami (exclusive), kitéq (inclusive)
5 you (plural) nga galéq
6 they ugang tu
7 this ikaq
8 that itu
9 here sikaq
10 there di sané, situ
11 who sapé
12 what apé
13 where di mané
14 when
15 how maqmané
16 not kan, daq
17 all galéq
18 many benaq
19 some babarapé
20 few dikit
21 other
22 one
23 two dué
24 three tigé
25 four empat
26 five limé
27 big besoq
28 long panjang
29 wide liboq
30 thick tebal
31 heavy begat
32 small keciq
33 short péndéq
34 narrow
35 thin tepes
36 woman betiné
37 man (adult male) lanang
38 man (human being) wang, ugang
39 child anaq
40 wife bini
41 husband
42 mother umaq, indoq
43 father baq
44 animal piaro
45 fish iwak
46 bird borong
47 dog koyoq
48 louse kutu
49 snake ulo
50 worm caceng
51 tree batang
52 forest alas
53 stick ranting
54 fruit buwah
55 seed bené
56 leaf daon
57 root ako
58 bark (of a tree) papagan
59 flower bungé
60 grass ompot
61 rope
62 skin kolet
63 meat dageng
64 blood daga
65 bone tulang
66 fat (noun)
67 egg teloq
68 horn tanduq
69 tail ikoq
70 feather bulu
71 hair rambot
72 head kepalaq
73 ear talingéq
74 eye matéq
75 nose idong
76 mouth molot
77 tooth gigi
78 tongue (organ) lida
79 fingernail kuku
80 foot sokoq, kaki
81 leg tongkay
82 knee lotot
83 hand tangan
84 wing
85 belly pegot
86 guts
87 neck tokoq
88 back
89 breast tétéq
90 heart jantong
91 liver ati
92 to drink inom (minom)
93 to eat akan (makan)
94 to bite gégét
95 to suck isap
96 to spit
97 to vomit
98 to blow
99 to breathe
100 to laugh tawé
101 to see kelèq
102 to hear dengo
103 to know tau
104 to think peker (meker)
105 to smell ciom (nyiom)
106 to fear takot
107 to sleep tido
108 to live idop
109 to die puna
110 to kill bono (mono)
111 to fight lagé (belagé)
112 to hunt boro (moro)
113 to hit
114 to cut tetaq (netaq)
115 to split belah (melah)
116 to stab cocoq (nyocoq)
117 to scratch
118 to dig kedok (ngedok)
119 to swim denang
120 to fly tegebang
121 to walk jalan (bajalan)
122 to come datang
123 to lie (as in a bed) goléq (ngoléq)
124 to sit dodoq
125 to stand cagaq (bacagaq) (action, state)
126 to turn (intransitive) beloq
127 to fall umban (tumban)
128 to give enjoq (ngenjoqké)
129 to hold caqé (kecaqé)
130 to squeeze pegas (megas)
131 to rub kosoq (ngosoq)
132 to wash sesa (nyesa)
133 to wipe
134 to pull raet
135 to push sogong
136 to throw rémbat, létok (melétok), sawat (nyiwat)
137 to tie
138 to sew jaet (nyaet)
139 to count itong (ngitong)
140 to say omong (ngomong)
141 to sing nyanyi (banyanyi)
142 to play maén (bamaén)
143 to float
144 to flow antau
145 to freeze
146 to swell bengkaq
147 sun mategagay
148 moon bulan
149 star lintang
150 water ayo
151 rain ujan
152 river sungi
153 lake
154 sea laot
155 salt uya
156 stone batu
157 sand bongen
158 dust lebu
159 earth tana
160 cloud aban
161 fog
162 sky lanét
163 wind angén
164 snow saljo
165 ice
166 smoke
167 fire api
168 ash awu
169 to burn motong
170 road larén
171 mountain
172 red abang
173 green ijaw
174 yellow konéng
175 white pote
176 black itam
177 night malam
178 day agay
179 year
180 warm angat
181 cold dengén
182 full peno
183 new anyar
184 old lawas
185 good rengké
186 bad jat
187 rotten bosok
188 dirty kotog
189 straight logos
190 round bulat
191 sharp (as a knife) tajem
192 dull (as a knife) tompol
193 smooth alus
194 wet basa
195 dry kegeng
196 correct beno
197 near pagaq
198 far jao
199 right kanan
200 left kidaw
201 at di
202 in dalam
203 with dingén
204 and ngén, waq
205 if kalu
206 because kené
207 name namé

Bibliography

  • Struktur Bahasa Musi [The Structure of Musi Language]‎ (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Linguistic Development Agency, Ministry of Education and Culture of Republic Indonesia, 1981
  • Morfologi dan Sintaksis Bahasa Musi [Morphology and Syntax of Musi Language]‎ (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Linguistic Development Agency, Ministry of Education and Culture of Republic Indonesia, 1985
  • Struktur Sastra Lisan Musi [Musi Oral Literature Structure]‎ (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Linguistic Development Agency, Ministry of Education and Culture of Republic Indonesia, 1989, →ISBN
  • Struktur Sastra Lisan Musi [Musi Oral Literature Structure]‎ (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Linguistic Development Agency, Ministry of Education and Culture of Republic Indonesia, 1989
  • Pemetaan bahasa-bahasa daerah di Sumatera Selatan [Languages Mapping in South Sumatra]‎ (in Indonesian), Palembang: South Sumatra Linguistic Center, 2017, →ISBN

See also

Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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