| Gloss |
Proto-Wakashan |
Proto-Kwakiutlan |
Proto-Nootkan
|
| skate |
*baːgʷa(ː)n(a) |
|
|
| gather and preserve |
|
*bakʷ- |
|
| separate |
|
*baqʷ- |
|
| swell |
|
*baxʷ- |
|
| measure |
|
*baƛ- |
|
| abandoned place |
|
*bi(ʔs) |
|
| bunch together |
*bin(q)- |
|
|
| glow or sparkle |
|
*bix- |
|
| prevent |
|
*bl- |
|
| run (away) |
*bu(ː)- |
|
|
| human being |
*bukʷ-/bakʷ- |
|
|
| hang head |
|
*buɬ- |
|
| fart |
|
*buqʷ- |
|
| sleepy |
*buqʷ(aɬ)- |
|
|
| pregnant |
|
*buxʷ- |
|
| razor clams |
|
|
*cakis(i)
|
| hop |
|
*cak(la) |
|
| head hanging down |
*camkʷ-/camqʷ- |
|
|
| kind of duck |
|
|
*caːpin/c’aːpin
|
| on edge or end |
*caːq- |
|
|
| twenty |
|
|
*caqiːc
|
| chase |
*cas- |
|
|
| throw water on |
|
*cas- |
|
| leak |
*ca(ː)xʷ-/ca(ː)χ- |
|
|
| rotate |
|
|
*caxʷ-
|
| mother of pearl |
|
*caxʷ(ay)i |
|
| loosely packed |
|
|
*caχt-/ciχt-
|
| pry up |
*ci(ː)kʷ- |
|
|
| sour |
*cilχʷ- |
|
|
| splash or sprinkle |
*ciːɬ- |
|
|
| frayed or rough |
|
*ciɬ- |
|
| horse clam |
|
*cimani |
|
| speak |
|
|
*ciq-
|
| ride the waves |
|
|
*ci(ː)q-
|
| melt or fry |
|
*ciχ- |
|
| crabapple |
|
|
*ciχa(piχ)
|
| fish trap |
|
*ckʷa |
|
| doubt or deny |
|
*cliqa |
|
| hail |
|
*clχa |
|
| bored |
|
*cm̍ic’- |
|
| blubber or fat |
|
*cnχʷ- |
|
| devil’s club (Oplopanax horridum) |
|
*cny̍as |
|
| whetstone |
|
*cq’ʷlc |
|
| flow |
*cum(xʷ)- |
|
|
| robin |
|
*cup’ali/cup’ala |
|
| beg for |
|
*cuqʷ- |
|
| brittle or dried out |
|
*cus- |
|
| urinate |
|
|
*cusk-
|
| adze off chips |
|
*cxʷ- |
|
| flap around or be stranded |
|
*cχʷ- |
|
| river or flow |
*c’aː- |
|
|
| toe |
|
|
*c’ac’aːkɬ(a)c’uma
|
| finger |
|
|
*c’ac’aːkɬ(a)n̍ukuma
|
| stomach rumbling |
|
|
*c’ac’aːq’an(aqƛ)
|
| sasquatch |
|
|
*c’ac’aːwaksiɬ
|
| drain |
|
|
*c’akstaː
|
| spearhead or barb |
*c’a(ː)kʷ-/c’a(ː)k- |
|
|
| antler |
|
|
*c’aːkʷit
|
| dirt |
*c’ak’ʷ(aq) |
|
|
| hold on lap or against chest |
|
|
*c’am-/c’ap-
|
| squirrel |
*c’a(ː)miː/c’imt’aw |
|
|
| rock cod |
|
|
*c’anaːč
|
| tail of fish |
|
*c’an̍it |
|
| hush or comfort |
|
*c’an̍uqʷa |
|
| sting or smart |
|
|
*c’apt-
|
| cedar branches |
|
*c’ap’aq |
|
| bark |
*c’aq- |
|
|
| mountain goat |
|
*c’aq |
|
| grey-haired |
|
|
*c’as-
|
| narrowly avoid accident |
|
|
*c’at-
|
| one |
|
|
*c’awaː(kʷ)
|
| rainbow |
|
|
*c’awayuːs
|
| spring (king) salmon |
|
|
*c’aːwiɬ
|
| tough or elastic |
*c’a(ː)χ- |
|
|
| perform ceremonial with chanting |
*c’aːyi(ː)q- |
|
|
| younger sibling |
|
*c’ay̍a |
|
| seaweed |
*c’aːy̍im |
|
|
| goose-neck barnacles |
|
|
*c’aʔin(i)wa
|
| surf gets rough |
|
|
*c’aʔuɬ-
|
| scoop up |
*c’iː- |
|
|
| throw or push with horns |
|
*c’i- |
|
| lean to side |
*c’i(ː)(t)- |
|
|
| throw or pound |
|
|
*c’ick-
|
| yearling seal |
|
*c’iduɬ |
|
| seagull |
|
*c’igilaǧa |
|
| clear off or clearing |
|
*c’ik- |
|
| clams |
|
*c’ikʷa |
|
| bird |
*c’i(ː)kʷ- |
|
|
| war or fight |
|
*c’ik’aɬ- |
|
| neck |
|
|
*c’ik’ʷam(a)c
|
| soft earth |
|
|
*c’i(ː)ɬ(χak)-
|
| dolphin |
*c’iːɬk’u(χ)/ciduːlkʷ |
|
|
| rumour |
|
*c’iɬχʷ- |
|
| kelp cod |
|
|
*c’imaːxʷaʔa
|
| mouse or rat |
|
|
*c’imic’imiː
|
| lean (meat) |
|
*c’inas |
|
| play cat’s cradle |
|
*c’inakʷa |
|
| go out (tide) |
|
|
*c’iːnaχ-/c’in̍aχ-
|
| scratchy squeaking sound |
|
*c’iniq- |
|
| slip apart (legs) |
|
*c’ip- |
|
| hair dripping wet |
*c’ipt(ak) |
|
|
| narrow |
*c’iːqʷ-/c’iːq- |
|
|
| wind up or braid |
*c’iːs- |
|
|
| dirty |
*c’is- |
|
|
| hate |
|
|
*c’is-
|
| intestines |
*c’is- |
|
|
| squirt |
*c’i(ː)(ɬ)tx- |
|
|
| cormorant |
|
*c’it’awi |
|
| jaw |
|
|
*c’iwaːp
|
| elderberry |
*c’i(ː)x- |
|
|
| stop raining |
|
*c’iχ- |
|
| arrow |
|
|
*c’iːχati(ː)
|
| cup or dipper |
|
|
*c’iːy̍uk’uma
|
| attentive |
|
*c’k- |
|
| short |
|
*c’kʷ- |
|
| sea urchin |
|
*c’kʷ- |
|
| walk through village inviting |
|
*c’kʷi |
|
| (weave) basket |
|
*c’l(k)- |
|
| feather |
|
*c’lk- |
|
| wriggle or wind |
|
*c’lkʷ-/c’nkʷ- |
|
| crack or split |
|
*c’lq-/c’t- |
|
| shine or flash |
|
*c’lq-/c’ɬ- |
|
| point with finger |
|
*c’m- |
|
| smoked oolachen |
|
*c’mdaq |
|
| be sparing with food |
|
*c’mk- |
|
| swallow whole |
|
*c’mqʷ- |
|
| stretch out vertically |
|
*c’mt- |
|
| go rapidly (in group) |
|
*c’n- |
|
| bubbles or beads of sweat |
|
*c’nc-/c’ns- |
|
| feel sick |
|
*c’nkʷ(ɬ)- |
|
| be shocked |
|
*c’nt-/c’lt- |
|
| dip food in oil |
|
*c’p- |
|
| throw (away) |
|
*c’q- |
|
| small bird |
|
*c’s- |
|
| wash |
*c’u(ː)- |
|
|
| give |
*c’uː(yi)- |
|
|
| totem pole (outdoors) |
|
*c’u(w)aχsi |
|
| unstable canoe |
|
|
*c’uc(k)-
|
| barnacles |
|
*c’uc’um̍a |
|
| black |
|
*c’uɬ- |
|
| basket hat |
|
|
*c’up-
|
| mitten |
|
*c’up’ax |
|
| punch |
|
|
*c’uqʷ-
|
| rattle or ring |
|
*c’uqʷ- |
|
| boil or pimple |
|
*c’us-/c’uʔs- |
|
| dig |
*c’u(ː)s-/zu(ː)s- |
|
|
| new |
*c’u(ː)x(t)- |
|
|
| stab |
*c’uxʷ- |
|
|
| grandchild |
|
*c’uxʷƛma |
|
| bracelet |
|
*c’uʔat |
|
| winter |
*c’u(ː)ʔinχ |
|
|
| singe or roast |
|
*c’(i)x- |
|
| untangle or coil up rope |
|
|
*ča(ː)m-
|
| right hand |
|
|
*čama(ː)caːs
|
| sweet |
|
|
*čamas
|
| pine |
|
|
*čamasmapt
|
| chief |
|
|
*čaːmat’a
|
| bed |
|
|
*čamaʔiɬ
|
| be able to |
|
|
*čamuɬ
|
| seal harpoon |
|
|
*čapxtuːp
|
| act swiftly |
|
|
*čašxʷ-
|
| miserable |
|
|
*čaːwiq-
|
| dripping |
|
|
*čaχča(ː)χa
|
| pick berries |
|
|
*čaːy̍axʷ-
|
| island |
|
|
*čaʔak
|
| pull |
|
|
*čiː-
|
| bow-legged |
|
|
*čičimuqspu(ː)ɬ
|
| chum or dog salmon |
|
|
*čičk’awʔas
|
| proud |
|
|
*čit-/čaxt-
|
| go on then |
|
|
*ču(ː)/šu(ː)
|
| vagina |
|
|
*ču(ː)n̍a
|
| tickle |
|
|
*čuχʷ
|
| water |
|
|
*č’a(ʔakʷ)
|
| fingernail |
|
|
*č’aɬač’a
|
| not see |
|
|
*č’a(ː)n̍i(ː)-
|
| skim from surface |
|
|
*č’aːp-
|
| breastbone |
|
|
*č’apa(ca)sχuma
|
| kissing sound |
|
|
*č’apkʷ-/c’upkʷ-
|
| manned canoe |
|
|
*č’aːpuk
|
| blister |
|
|
*č’aqƛ(a)
|
| mink |
|
|
*č’aːstimac
|
| purple or crimson |
|
|
*č’aw̍ick’ay
|
| dizzy |
|
|
*č’a(ː)ʔuqʷiɬ
|
| mist or drizzle |
|
|
*č’iːc-
|
| sacrifice or scapegoat |
|
|
*č’ičm̍uː(ʔu)
|
| canyon |
|
|
*č’iːkinukst(aːs)
|
| fish scales |
|
|
*č’ip’aɬ(mis)/č’ip’it(am)
|
| scrape or shave |
|
|
*č’iːsk-
|
| give or throw away property on death of relative |
|
|
*č’išiː(ʔ)yu(qʷ)-
|
| soft or easily tom |
|
|
*č’it-/č’in-
|
| gill net |
|
|
*č’ita(čak)
|
| hemlock bark dye |
|
|
*č’iːtm̍ita
|
| whale |
|
|
*č’it’apuk
|
| war club |
|
|
*č’it’uːɬ
|
| tremble |
|
|
*č’ix-
|
| six |
|
|
*č’iːχpaːɬ
|
| fiy |
|
|
*č’iyaχ-
|
| butter clam |
|
|
*č’iʔic
|
| stink |
|
|
*č’u-
|
| mountain goat |
|
|
*č’učma
|
| wolf |
|
|
*č’uč’uwaχsiɬ
|
| small bird |
|
|
*č’ukn̍a
|
| birthmark |
|
|
*č’ukʷsiː
|
| suspicious or careful |
|
|
*č’u(ː)š-
|
| this or that |
*daː |
|
|
| hold |
*daː- |
|
|
| damp |
*dal(x)- |
|
|
| tow |
|
*da(ː)p- |
|
| young duck |
|
*dasdigʷnas |
|
| witchcraft |
|
*dasgi(ʔ)u |
|
| laugh |
|
*daʔɬ- |
|
| wipe |
*di(ː)- |
|
|
| drive in |
|
*diqʷ- |
|
| yellow cedar (bark) |
|
*dixʷ- |
|
| bend knee |
|
*dmkʷ- |
|
| drag with a rope |
|
*dn- |
|
| red cedar (bark) |
|
*dns- |
|
| make noise or speak |
*duː-/dunt- |
|
|
| buiy |
*du(ː)k-/du(ː)kʷ |
|
|
| trail out (line) |
|
*dukʷ- |
|
| have a nightmare |
|
*dulmx(it) |
|
| salt |
*dum- |
|
|
| look for or see |
|
*duqʷ- |
|
| armpit |
|
*duqʷ(lac’i)/dmqʷ(lac’i) |
|
| poisoned or numb |
*du(ː)s(aɬ)- |
|
|
| owl |
*dux- |
|
|
| jump |
*duxʷ- |
|
|
| nettle |
|
*duxʷa |
|
| have eyes open |
|
*dx-/tx- |
|
| and then |
*g(a)- |
|
|
| this or here |
*gaː |
|
|
| first or before |
*gaːl- |
|
|
| proper |
*gam-/gama- |
|
|
| halibut hook |
*gamu(ː)l’(a)/gimul’(a) |
|
|
| seafood |
|
*gawiqa |
|
| come |
|
*gaχ- |
|
| be (inside) somewhere |
*gi(ː)- |
|
|
| sibling-in-law |
*giː(n̍up)- |
|
|
| tooth |
*gi(ː)g-/gi(ː)k- |
|
|
| shake head |
*gi(ː)s(k)- |
|
|
| saw |
*gi(l)t- |
|
|
| long or tall |
|
*glt- |
|
| steal |
|
*gluƛ- |
|
| canoe |
|
*glw̍a |
|
| weasel or ermine |
|
*gl’m |
|
| get more or add (so many) |
|
*gn- |
|
| crawl or stalk |
*gul- |
|
|
| leak |
*gulx- |
|
|
| backwards or down |
*gʷa(ː)- |
|
|
| come here! |
*gʷaː(s) |
|
|
| measure |
*gʷa(ya)-/gʷaːn̍a |
|
|
| oyster-catcher |
*gʷay(gʷay) |
|
|
| tears |
|
*gʷaʔst |
|
| wake |
*gʷi(ː)- |
|
|
| foot or flipper |
*gʷi(ː)gʷi(ː) |
|
|
| rub |
*gʷil(kʷ)- |
|
|
| different |
*gʷis- /gʷiː(s)t- |
|
|
| deaf |
|
*gʷlkʷm |
|
| bum |
|
*gʷlt-/xʷlt- |
|
| support |
|
*gʷu- |
|
| live in a place |
|
*gʷukʷ- |
|
| provisions |
*gʷuːɬ- |
|
|
| ratfish |
*gʷuːmaː(ǧa) |
|
|
| frost |
|
*gʷus- |
|
| lefthand side |
*ǧa(m̍x)-/ǧa(mʔx) |
|
|
| puncture or gaff |
*ğaː(ƛ)- |
|
|
| fly |
|
*ğağadina/ğağad(li) |
|
| grandparent |
|
*ğağmp |
|
| night |
|
*ğanuƛ |
|
| eye |
*ğas- |
|
|
| salmonberry |
*ğawlaː(li)/ğawlaw(li) |
|
|
| hang |
|
*ğaxʷ- |
|
| stride or straddle |
|
*ğaχ- |
|
| starfish |
*ğa(ː)zq- |
|
|
| (go out) early in the morning |
|
*ğaʔ- |
|
| go after abalone |
|
*ğaʔɬğňi(y)iqa |
|
| long time |
*ği(ː)(yi) |
|
|
| move or come |
*ği(ː)- |
|
|
| askew or sideways |
*ğil(x)- |
|
|
| freckle |
|
*ğip- |
|
| trip |
|
*ğis- |
|
| wild rhubarb |
*ği(ː)s- |
|
|
| wipe dish |
|
*ği(ʔ)s-/qi(ʔ)s- |
|
| louse |
*ği(ː)x(k)- |
|
|
| steelhead salmon |
*ğiːχʷ(aχ) |
|
|
| wait |
|
*ğl(a)- |
|
| grasp or pull towards self |
|
*ğlp-/ğlq- |
|
| water lily |
|
*ğlwat |
|
| rack for drying fish |
|
*ğly̍u |
|
| somersault |
|
*ğl’uɬcista |
|
| call names or reproach |
|
*ğ(a)ɬ- |
|
| lie |
|
*ğm(s)-/ğmʔs |
|
| carry in arms |
|
*ğn(ala) |
|
| screech |
|
*ğn-/ğɬ- |
|
| woman |
|
*ğnm |
|
| wave or swell |
|
*ğnmala |
|
| reveal or bestow name on |
|
*ğu- |
|
| paddle |
|
*ğuiha |
|
| fish scales |
|
*ğup-/ğum̍- |
|
| shelter |
|
*ğus- |
|
| take in palm of hand |
|
*ğuχʷ- |
|
| red huckleberry |
|
*ğʷadm |
|
| lizard |
|
*ğʷalas |
|
| finished or ready |
|
*ğʷaɬ- |
|
| heavy |
*ğʷant-/ğʷay- |
|
|
| dog salmon |
*ğʷaːχ-/ğʷaːkʷ- |
|
|
| alder |
*ğʷa(ː)χ- |
|
|
| ochre |
*ğʷa(ː)χmis |
|
|
| raven |
*ğʷaːχʷ- |
|
|
| (do) thus |
*ğʷay- |
|
|
| sparrow |
|
*ğʷis- |
|
| dried salmon |
|
*ğʷis- |
|
| do regularly |
|
*ğʷiy̍ala |
|
| whale |
|
*ğʷiʔm |
|
| gum |
|
*ğʷl’ik |
|
| repay |
|
*ğʷn- |
|
| ashes |
|
*ğʷna(ʔ)i |
|
| face |
|
*ğʷuğʷmi |
|
| trout |
|
*ğʷul(isdi) |
|
| tallow or animal fat |
|
*ğʷuluqʷ |
|
| slender |
|
*ğʷuχʷ- |
|
| go or get going |
*ha(ː)-/ha(ː)l’- |
|
|
| yes |
*haː(ʔa) |
|
|
| eyelashes |
|
|
*hac(h)aːpsim
|
| this side |
|
|
*hacis/hačis
|
| long |
|
|
*haːc’a-
|
| northwest (wind) |
|
|
*hačɬ-
|
| black cod |
|
*hadani |
|
| barely |
|
|
*hahaqčim(a)
|
| stutter |
|
|
*haːhaːyacaq-
|
| hunger |
|
|
*haku-
|
| borrow |
|
|
*hak’ʷiɬ-/ʔak’ʷaɬ
|
| pay or send |
*haɬ- |
|
|
| ask to accompany one |
|
|
*haɬiːɬ
|
| defecate |
*hamaː-/ʔamaː- |
|
|
| Cannibal society |
|
*hamac’a |
|
| bone |
|
|
*hamuːt
|
| humpback salmon |
*hani(xʷ)- |
|
|
| shoot |
*hanƛ-/hanɬ- |
|
|
| hair |
*hap- |
|
|
| drown |
*ha(ː)p(ila)/haɬm- |
|
|
| willing |
|
|
*haːq’aɬ
|
| breathe |
*haːs-/haː(s)x- |
|
|
| sour |
*ha(ː)s(x)- |
|
|
| crab |
|
|
*hasaːmac
|
| know about |
|
|
*hašiɬ-
|
| be persistent or a pest |
|
*hat-/hat’- |
|
| swan or crane |
|
|
*hatuːman(i)
|
| bathe |
|
|
*hat’a-
|
| lumber split from tree |
|
*hawas |
|
| (tell) story |
|
|
*haːwic’(aqš)/hamiwic’(aqš)
|
| stop |
*hawil- |
|
|
| eat |
*ha(ː)w̍(a)-/ham̍(a)- |
|
|
| fall on face |
*haχʷ- |
|
|
| not know |
*ha(ː)yaː- |
|
|
| expect to happen |
|
*hayal’a |
|
| shadow or trace |
|
*hayamut |
|
| worry |
|
|
*hayaːqƛ
|
| act crazy |
|
|
*hayuxʷ-
|
| bass fishing |
|
|
*haːʔaɬ
|
| sneeze |
*haʔic(x)- |
|
|
| tail |
|
*hc-/hs- |
|
| that (empty root) |
*hi(ː)- |
|
|
| porpoise |
|
|
*hicswan
|
| illuminate |
|
|
*hič(aːk)
|
| accident-prone |
|
|
*hiːhiːk’iːyaχ
|
| overhang |
|
|
*hikʷ-
|
| hire |
|
*hil(i)- |
|
| weak |
*hil(xʷ)- |
|
|
| wolf mask |
|
|
*hi(ː)laksum
|
| almost |
*hils- |
|
|
| proper (e.g. member of family) |
*hi(ː)ɬ- |
|
|
| trying |
|
|
*hiːɬʔayaχ
|
| (deer) tallow |
|
|
*himiks
|
| (put or be in) container |
*hin-/hani- |
|
|
| ask for |
|
|
*hiːnač
|
| go out to sea |
|
|
*hinaːčiƛ
|
| head end of sleeping platform |
|
|
*hiːnakuːwiɬ/hiːnakʷiɬ
|
| way of thinking |
|
|
*hiːnaːn̍iɬ
|
| elbow or heel |
|
|
*hiːnapaːqƛ
|
| amazed |
|
|
*hiːnaqɬ
|
| ride in |
|
|
*hinayuwiq
|
| growl |
*hiniːq- |
|
|
| get ready |
*hiːn̍(a)-/hiːl’(a)- |
|
|
| hit with instrument |
|
|
*his-
|
| sockeye salmon |
*hiːs(ina) |
|
|
| live with in-laws when married |
*hi(ː)skʷ-/hayaskʷ- |
|
|
| red huckleberry |
|
|
*hisʔan(wa)
|
| remember |
|
|
*hit(iː)-
|
| bay |
|
|
*hitac’uː(ʔ)s
|
| moaning |
|
|
*hiːtačap
|
| front door or porch |
|
|
*hitaksʔati(ʔay)iː
|
| arrive |
|
|
*hitaqayiƛ
|
| upsound |
|
|
*hitaqƛi(ː)ɬ
|
| get out of harbour |
|
|
*hitawisc’u-
|
| daughter |
|
|
*hitaχ(a)w̍iːɬuma
|
| win |
|
|
*hitaːʔaːp
|
| strange |
|
|
*hiːtkan(i)
|
| land otter |
|
|
*hiwaxni(ʔiː)-/waːxni(ʔiː)
|
| head |
|
*hixt’i |
|
| howl |
*hixʷu- |
|
|
| work hard |
|
|
*hixʷ-
|
| summer |
|
*hiʔnχ |
|
| be stuck in place |
|
*hk’ʷ-/χk’- |
|
| killer whale |
|
*hlχʔinuχʷ |
|
| eddy |
|
*hl’u(ʔ)ala |
|
| carry s.o. on one’s back |
|
*hmt- |
|
| butterfly |
|
*hmu-/hlu- |
|
| ask for a ride |
|
*h(a)ninuχʷ-/h(a)ninaχʷ- |
|
| curse |
|
*hnkʷ- |
|
| carry in apron |
|
*hnq- |
|
| look at one’s reflection |
|
*hnχ- |
|
| steep |
|
*ht- |
|
| crosswise or interwoven |
|
*hu- |
|
| go (several) |
*huː(qʷ)- |
|
|
| not much |
*huː(ʔ)iɬ/huːlaːɬ |
|
|
| bird |
*hukʷ- |
|
|
| rest |
*huɬ- |
|
|
| dance |
|
|
*huːɬ-
|
| observe |
|
*hum- |
|
| whole |
|
|
*humaqƛ
|
| spider |
|
*humaχa |
|
| kind of shellfish |
*hum(h)um- |
|
|
| wild rhubarb |
|
|
*huihaːq
|
| food found adrift |
|
|
*huːn̍iː
|
| roundish object |
*hup- |
|
|
| island |
|
|
*hupačakt
|
| lame |
|
|
*hupa(ː)mɬ
|
| help |
|
|
*hupiː
|
| kind of canoe |
|
|
*hupin(u)wa(ː)š
|
| vomit |
|
*huqʷ-/wuqʷ- |
|
| count |
*hu(ː)(k)s- |
|
|
| wrinkled |
|
|
*hus-
|
| rascal |
|
|
*hušaːk
|
| jealous |
|
|
*hut(ʔatu)
|
| abandon or leave |
|
*hut- |
|
| expose |
|
|
*hu(ː)t-
|
| topple over |
|
|
*huxʷ-/ʔuxʷ-
|
| know how |
|
|
*huχtakʷ-
|
| running around |
|
|
*huːyaːp
|
| waves |
|
|
*hu(ː)y̍a-
|
| (come) back |
|
|
*huʔa-
|
| yawn |
|
*h(a)x- |
|
| thrush |
|
*hχʷ-/ʔχʷ- |
|
| climb |
|
*hχʷ- |
|
| afterbirth |
|
*hχʷʔut |
|
| carry dish-like object |
|
*ka-/kax- |
|
| stick up |
*ka(ʔat)-/k’at- |
|
|
| hail |
|
|
*kac-
|
| killer whale |
|
|
*kakaw̍an(i)
|
| ankle |
|
|
*kala(ː)kaliː/kala(ː)kalʔayiː
|
| known |
|
|
*kamat
|
| kneel |
|
|
*kan-/kat-
|
| fungus |
*kanaːy̍i |
|
|
| carry on back |
|
|
*kanup’aɬ
|
| separate layers |
|
*kap-/kam̍- |
|
| like |
|
|
*kaːp(ap)-
|
| husband or man |
*kap(xʷ)- |
|
|
| collide or shove |
*kaq- |
|
|
| glance from comer of eye |
|
|
*kas-
|
| carry (baby) |
|
|
*kas-
|
| bent |
|
*kas- |
|
| nod or bob |
|
*kat-/kas- |
|
| scold |
|
|
*kaƛ-
|
| become visible |
|
|
*ka(ː)ƛχ-
|
| jump |
|
|
*kaʔackat-
|
| ladder |
|
|
*kaːʔaman(a)/kuχʷʔaman(a)
|
| long piece of wood |
|
|
*kic-
|
| pry up |
|
|
*kimit-
|
| gall |
|
|
*kiːstamac
|
| fast |
|
|
*kixɬ-
|
| light colour |
|
*kixʷ- |
|
| scratch or rip |
*ki(ː)χʷ- |
|
|
| break into pieces |
|
|
*kiƛ-
|
| round |
|
*klx- |
|
| be amazed or afraid |
|
*kɬ- |
|
| move head |
|
*knk-/knq- |
|
| loath |
|
*kns- |
|
| here you are |
|
|
*ku(ː)/kʷaː
|
| clean or filet fish |
|
|
*kuː-
|
| shave or scrape |
|
*kus- |
|
| beckon |
*kut-/kʷit- |
|
|
| steal |
|
|
*kuːw̍iɬ-
|
| doing as directed |
|
|
*ku(ː)w̍iɬa
|
| fresh (seafood) |
|
|
*kuxc-
|
| open |
|
|
*kuːƛ-
|
| spouse’s grandfather |
|
|
*kʷaːcχi
|
| be misplaced or diminished |
*kʷa(ː)ɬ- |
|
|
| stem-piece |
|
|
*kʷama
|
| rumble or rattle |
*kʷanxʷ- |
|
|
| wild onion |
|
|
*kʷan̍is
|
| trample or kick |
|
*kʷas- |
|
| hole |
*kʷawχʷ- |
|
|
| splash |
*kʷa(s)x- |
|
|
| uncovered |
|
|
*kʷaːχiː
|
| bluejay |
*kʷays-/kʷayx- |
|
|
| shrimp-like crustacean |
|
|
*kʷaƛkʷaːč
|
| grandchild |
|
|
*kʷaːʔuːc
|
| play musical instrument |
|
*kʷaʔuta |
|
| goldeneye duck |
|
*kʷdin(a)/gʷdin(a) |
|
| whistle |
*kʷiːkʷ- |
|
|
| eagle |
|
*kʷikʷ/wikʷ |
|
| fan dance |
|
|
*kʷiːkʷaːɬa
|
| Transformer (mythical figure) |
|
|
*kʷiːkʷi(ː)stupsa(ː)p
|
| sting or itch |
*kʷiːq- |
|
|
| harpoon head |
|
|
*kʷiːqaːpɬ
|
| spit |
*kʷiːs-/kʷiːɬ- |
|
|
| turn around |
|
|
*kʷiscaχta-
|
| break (waves) |
|
*kʷit- |
|
| knock or tap |
*kʷi(n)χ- |
|
|
| quiet |
|
|
*kʷiːyiɬ
|
| lie (down) |
|
*kʷl- |
|
| steam |
|
*kʷns- |
|
| mink |
|
*kʷn̍a(q) |
|
| concave object |
|
*kʷt- |
|
| pearl shell |
|
*kʷugʷis |
|
| suspect |
|
*kʷut- |
|
| warm |
|
*kʷuxʷ- |
|
| crow |
*k’aː(qan)- |
|
|
| ashamed |
|
|
*k’a-
|
| put loose objects away |
*k’a(ː)- |
|
|
| bend sideways |
*k’a(ː)- |
|
|
| soon |
|
|
*k’ačaː
|
| raise eyebrows |
|
*k’ak- |
|
| raw |
*k’al(ʔux) |
|
|
| fern |
|
*k’alax |
|
| urinate (man) |
*k’alqʷ- |
|
|
| sleep or dream |
|
*k’aɬ- |
|
| rough out (canoe) to shape |
*k’am- |
|
|
| take away (s.th. belonging to another) |
|
|
*k’am(a)-/k’ap-
|
| ring |
|
|
*k’a(ː)maːkʷ
|
| tiny clams |
|
*k’amamu/k’amumu |
|
| small waterfall |
|
*k’amazn |
|
| gnaw |
|
*k’ap- |
|
| hold in arms or squeeze |
*k’ap- |
|
|
| humpback salmon |
*k’aːp’i |
|
|
| claw or nail |
*k’a(ː)s- |
|
|
| harbour seal |
|
|
*k’aːsč’(uʔ)
|
| draw or paint |
*k’a(ː)t- |
|
|
| whale or seal oil |
|
|
*k’atuk
|
| not enough |
*k’at’a-/kat’a- |
|
|
| agape |
|
|
*k’awaχ-
|
| hurry along |
*k’a(ʔ)x- |
|
|
| split lengthwise |
*k’ax(ɬ)- |
|
|
| whittle or cut with adze |
*k’a(ː)χʷ- |
|
|
| purple |
|
|
*k’ayiːc
|
| sea shell |
|
|
*k’aːyišk’an(iː)
|
| swing |
|
|
*k’a(ː)yuːp-/k’a(ː)yuːm-
|
| kind offish |
|
|
*k’aƛχaːy̍akʷ
|
| squeal or scream |
|
|
*k’aʔitq-
|
| carve or cut |
*k’iː- |
|
|
| little finger |
|
*k’ida/k’ay(i)da |
|
| caulk a boat |
|
*k’ig-/k’ik- |
|
| roll or pull back |
*k’ik- |
|
|
| dig for clams |
*k’il(t)- |
|
|
| dark |
*k’ilt- |
|
|
| metal |
*k’il’(x)- |
|
|
| sweep |
*k’iɬ-/k’is- |
|
|
| spoil (meat) |
|
|
*k’i(ː)ɬ(χ)-
|
| fur seal |
|
|
*k’iɬanu.s
|
| kind of owl |
|
|
*k’iːɬcayap
|
| seal up or plug |
*k’i(ː)m- |
|
|
| penis |
|
|
*k’imis
|
| draw lips between teeth |
*k’imt- |
|
|
| pull (hair) loose |
*k’in- |
|
|
| rake |
*k’in(k)- |
|
|
| feel cold |
*k’in(t)- |
|
|
| sea anemone |
|
|
*k’in(i)ɬimac
|
| fish guts |
|
|
*k’in̍a(ː)q
|
| (pick) elderberries |
|
*k’ip- |
|
| use or do to one’s head |
|
*k’iq- |
|
| (right to) song or dance |
|
*k’is(ʔu) |
|
| drain water |
|
*k’is- |
|
| weave together |
*k’it-/k’iɬt- |
|
|
| on edge |
*k’itkʷ-/k’ʷukʷ- |
|
|
| dirty |
*k’ix- |
|
|
| close one’s eyes |
*k’iχ-/k’is- |
|
|
| run away or get scared |
*k’iːχʷ- |
|
|
| squeak |
|
*k’k-/k’ʷk- |
|
| twist or wring |
|
*k’lp- |
|
| crystal |
|
*k’l’aq |
|
| show discontent |
|
*k’mʔstu |
|
| grapple like a crab |
|
*k’nq-/k’nxʷ- |
|
| be or put a pile or load |
|
*k’q- |
|
| slacken |
|
*k’s- |
|
| not |
|
*k’(i)s-/k’i(ʔ)us |
|
| one side of flat thing |
|
*k’saʔzi |
|
| unstable |
|
*k’t- |
|
| tie or bind |
*k’ulk-/k’il(k)- |
|
|
| tongue |
*k’ulm |
|
|
| go out or extinguish |
*k’ulχ- |
|
|
| dip food in oil or grease |
|
|
*k’uːɬ-
|
| point or poke |
|
|
*k’um-/k’up-
|
| calm |
*k’uma(ː)q- |
|
|
| backbone |
|
|
*k’uːnis
|
| slip or slacken (rope) |
|
|
*k’upq-
|
| kind of sea bird |
|
|
*k’uːxʷa(š)/k’ʷuːxʷaː(š)
|
| further away |
|
|
*k’u(ː)ʔu(ɬ)
|
| sit |
*k’ʷa(ː)- |
|
|
| light (weight) |
*k’ʷa(s)- |
|
|
| tear or burst |
*k’ʷa(χ)-/k’ʷap- |
|
|
| hide (leather) |
*k’ʷac- |
|
|
| south wind |
|
|
*k’ʷaːciːniʔiː/k’ʷaːci(ː)n̍iʔiː
|
| small bullhead |
*k’ʷa(ː)cnama(c) |
|
|
| poor (boy) |
|
|
*k’ʷaːčim
|
| dolphin or porpoise |
|
|
*k’ʷak’ʷaʔakƛi
|
| otter |
*k’ʷal-/k’ʷaƛ- |
|
|
| (ritual) branches |
|
|
*k’ʷaːɬ(uk)
|
| slime |
|
*k’ʷaxa |
|
| cedar wood |
|
*k’ʷaχƛawi(ʔ) |
|
| fragile |
|
|
*k’ʷaːyuk
|
| twin |
|
|
*k’ʷaːy̍as
|
| fish knife |
|
|
*k’ʷičitin/k’ʷičitin̍
|
| squirm or twist |
|
*k’ʷikʷ- |
|
| hoarfrost |
|
|
*k’ʷima(ː)c
|
| lucky |
|
|
*k’ʷiqaɬ
|
| snow |
*k’ʷiːs- |
|
|
| be stuck |
*k’ʷit-/k’ʷin- |
|
|
| pry loose |
|
*k’ʷit- |
|
| suckle |
|
|
*k’ʷitiːk’ʷitiː
|
| suck |
*k’ʷixʷ-/k’ʷimt- |
|
|
| sight or select |
*k’ʷi(l)χ- |
|
|
| skunk cabbage |
|
*k’ʷk’ʷuk’ʷ |
|
| swim (fish) |
|
*k’ʷl- |
|
| (bud of) cottonwood |
|
*k’ʷl’un |
|
| scorch |
|
*k’ʷms- |
|
| eviscerate |
|
*k’ʷnɬ- |
|
| wet |
|
*k’ʷnq- |
|
| (inside) gills |
|
*k’ʷnzi |
|
| bright light or flash |
|
*k’ʷq-/q’ʷq- |
|
| wolf |
|
*k’ʷsl(ʔ)s |
|
| Indian tobacco (bush) |
|
*k’ʷt’χuli |
|
| split open |
|
*k’ʷu- |
|
| fold or bend |
*k’ʷuː(s)- |
|
|
| chin |
|
*k’ʷu(ʔ)aq |
|
| mussel |
*k’ʷuc(as) |
|
|
| be or put a flat thing |
|
*k’ʷup- |
|
| hoist or tug |
|
*k’ʷuqʷ-/q’ʷuqʷ- |
|
| nail |
|
*k’ʷut- |
|
| go |
|
*la-/l’a- |
|
| do or finish quickly |
|
|
*lawi(t)-
|
| wind around |
*layxʷ- |
|
|
| reef |
|
*liqi |
|
| sea elephant |
|
|
*liqʷasiʔi
|
| boiled fish |
|
*lisa |
|
| rummage or uncover |
|
*lit- |
|
| cheap |
|
|
*liːxʷ-
|
| red cedar |
|
*liʔχ |
|
| throw stones |
|
*lk-/l’k- |
|
| faint or weak |
|
*lkʷ- |
|
| dry |
|
*lmxʷ- |
|
| roll |
*luː(χʷ)- |
|
|
| bright light |
*lu(ː)(ʔak)- |
|
|
| flower |
|
|
*luːlačχ-/laː(ʔ)ulačx-
|
| old sockeye salmon |
|
|
*luːlaːs(akt)
|
| haunted |
|
*luɬ- |
|
| scorch |
|
*luihasa |
|
| empty |
|
*lup-/l’up- |
|
| fish by long-lining |
|
*luqʷ- |
|
| hemlock |
|
*luqʷ- |
|
| seesaw |
|
|
*lu(ː)škaːlaliː
|
| rocks |
|
*luʔχʷk’ʷs |
|
| stick out tongue |
*l’akʷ-/l’aχʷ- |
|
|
| wide open |
*l’aːp(χʷ)- |
|
|
| roll or fold up |
|
*l’iqʷ-/l’ix- |
|
| strange or foreign |
|
*l’kʷ-/l’kʷ- |
|
| be or handle moist material |
|
*l’q- |
|
| thimbleberry |
|
*l’qaχ- |
|
| campfire |
|
*l’qʷ-/lqʷ- |
|
| cough |
|
*l’Xʷu |
|
| wonder or be surprised |
|
*ɬaknxʷ |
|
| have difficult or painful time |
*ɬaːkʷ-/ɬaːxʷ- |
|
|
| salmon spear head |
|
|
*ɬa(ː)k’itawaχ
|
| paralysed or dead |
*ɬalaʔ- |
|
|
| salal bush |
*ɬan- |
|
|
| lose or be lost |
*ɬan(k)- |
|
|
| moan |
|
*ɬanisla |
|
| soft |
*ɬanqʷ-/ɬanp- |
|
|
| one day from today |
|
*ɬans-/ɬanc- |
|
| flap or spread wings |
*ɬapX-/ƛap- |
|
|
| give as gift |
|
|
*ɬaq-
|
| shelter |
|
*ɬaq- |
|
| choose |
|
|
*ɬa(ː)š-
|
| extend long flexible things |
*ɬat- |
|
|
| itch |
|
*ɬaχ-/t(a)q- |
|
| young man |
|
|
*ɬaːχuk/ɬaːχukʷ
|
| now |
|
|
*ɬaχʷ/ƛaχʷ
|
| generous |
|
|
*ɬaːyiːk/ɬaːq’iːk
|
| kind of basket |
|
|
*ɬaʔaːš
|
| lie (several people) |
|
*ɬi- |
|
| pregnant |
|
|
*ɬic(iːt)
|
| tie up |
*ɬim(a)- |
|
|
| inhale |
*ɬimχ- |
|
|
| mind or will |
|
|
*ɬiːm̍aqsti
|
| take by force |
|
*ɬinma/ƛinma |
|
| find by accident |
|
*ɬis-/ɬins |
|
| young cedar |
|
*ɬisk’ʷs |
|
| ragged |
|
*ɬit- |
|
| tug or pull |
*ɬit(kʷ)- |
|
|
| get cloudy |
|
|
*ɬi(ː)w̍aχ-
|
| cedar bark mat |
|
|
*ɬiχaɬ
|
| spread out (fabric) |
*ɬi(ː)χʷ-/ɬi(ː)xʷ- |
|
|
| miss |
*ɬiʔ(uː)-/ƛ i(ː)qʷ- |
|
|
| snake |
|
|
*ɬiːʔiʔ(ay)iː
|
| cover over |
|
*ɬm- |
|
| crabapple |
|
*ɬnχ |
|
| (edible) seaweed |
|
*ɬq- |
|
| brain |
|
*ɬqʷa- |
|
| board |
|
|
*ɬu-
|
| woman |
*ɬuk- |
|
|
| sinew or bowstring |
*ɬukʷ- |
|
|
| cramp |
|
|
*ɬuk’ʷiːks/ɬiːk’ʷiːks
|
| tipping over |
|
|
*ɬuq-
|
| bowl |
*ɬuːqʷ- |
|
|
| thunder |
|
|
*ɬuːt-
|
| turn head away |
|
*ɬuxʷ- |
|
| flint or crystal |
|
|
*ɬuːχ
|
| dwell or lie |
*ma(ː)- |
|
|
| drink (baby word) |
|
|
*maː(χ)-
|
| eat as side dish |
*maːc-/ma(ː)s- |
|
|
| fly (insect) |
|
|
*maːckʷan
|
| supernatural being |
|
|
*ma(ː)cma(ː)yuxʷan(iː)
|
| enter house |
|
|
*mačinuƛ
|
| go fast in water |
|
|
*maːčuk/m̍aːčuk
|
| flea |
|
|
*mač’asi(ː)na
|
| fish of sea bottom |
|
*maglis/ihaglis |
|
| move one end of plank |
|
*ma(ʔ)iɬa |
|
| buy |
|
|
*ma(ː)kʷ-
|
| tug at line (fish) |
|
*makʷ- |
|
| have lips sealed |
|
|
*mak’ʷ(itx)-
|
| fruit (juice) |
|
*malaχdi |
|
| playing with dolls or shells |
|
|
*maːmaːk’an
|
| swallow (bird) |
|
*mamaɬik’a |
|
| white person |
|
|
*mamaɬn̍i
|
| leader or harpoon line |
|
|
*mamaqs(i)y̍ima
|
| fishing for cod |
|
|
*mamayit(a)
|
| excrement |
*manak |
|
|
| bask in sun |
|
*manis(as)/man̍is(as) |
|
| smelt |
|
|
*ma(ː)n̍aw(iː)
|
| left with baby sitter |
|
|
*maqƛi(ʔi)
|
| dark or shade |
*maːqʷ- |
|
|
| heal up |
*mas-/m̍as- |
|
|
| blossom |
|
*mas- |
|
| roast or bake over coals |
|
|
*maːs-
|
| commoner |
|
|
*masčim(a)
|
| howl or wail |
|
|
*ma(ː)siːwiƛ/ma(ː)siwiɬ
|
| sea lion |
|
*mawak’(a) |
|
| Douglas fir |
|
*mawal’as |
|
| avoid |
|
*max-/m̍ax- |
|
| trap falls |
|
|
*maχ-
|
| horsetail |
|
|
*maʔaxʷ/m̍aʔaxʷ
|
| sand dollar |
|
|
*maːʔic
|
| boy |
|
|
*maʔiƛqac
|
| twin |
|
*mdm |
|
| skate |
|
|
*miːlaː(š)č
|
| twist (rope) |
*mil(t)- |
|
|
| aim |
*mils- |
|
|
| level |
|
|
*miɬ-
|
| sealing spear |
|
|
*miɬsy̍i(ː)/miɬsiʔiː
|
| sockeye salmon |
|
|
*miq’aːt
|
| smell |
*mi(ː)s- |
|
|
| bow |
|
|
*mi(ː)stati(ː)
|
| black cod |
|
|
*miːšaːwiːχ
|
| porcupine |
|
*mixdi |
|
| go round in a circle |
|
*m(a)liq- |
|
| smile |
|
*mlxʷ-/mnxʷ- |
|
| wind from land |
|
*mɬ- |
|
| sockeye salmon |
|
*mɬik |
|
| mumble or buzz |
|
*mm(k)-/hm(k)- |
|
| grouse |
|
*mmk(ls)/kʷmx |
|
| overeat |
|
*mnɬ- |
|
| onion |
|
*mqʷ(c’i) |
|
| marten |
|
*msƛǧn |
|
| twitch |
|
*mt- |
|
| four |
*muː/m̍uː |
|
|
| bear |
|
|
*mucmuχ(a)q
|
| blue |
|
|
*mukʷ-/m̍ukʷ-
|
| grateful |
|
*mul’- |
|
| tide rising |
|
|
*muːɬ-
|
| waves breaking on jetty |
|
|
*muɬatq-
|
| damage |
|
*mus- |
|
| cut |
|
|
*mut-
|
| balsam fir |
|
*mut- |
|
| deer |
|
|
*muwač
|
| boil or steam |
|
|
*muxʷ-/muqʷ-
|
| hump-backed |
|
*muxʷ-/muχʷ- |
|
| clam basket |
|
|
*muxʷu(yiː)
|
| chiefs wife |
|
*muziɬ |
|
| rainbow |
|
*mxsaqʷ |
|
| do fast |
|
*mxʷ-/m̍xʷ- |
|
| bob up and down |
|
*m(a)χʷ- |
|
| what |
*m̌a(ː)- |
|
|
| hold in teeth |
*m̌ia(ː)-/m̌al- |
|
|
| dragonfly |
|
*m̌akʷaǧadli |
|
| cold |
|
|
*m̌aɬ-
|
| move or swim around |
*m̍a(ː)ɬ(aː)-/ma(ː)ɬ(aː)- |
|
|
| recognize |
|
*m̍aɬt’i(ʔ)ala- |
|
| (widowed) in-law |
|
|
*m̍aɬt’i(ʔ)i
|
| thumb |
|
|
*m̍a(ː)m̌a(ː)m̍ican̍ukuma
|
| (woman’s) older sibling |
|
|
*m̍a(ː)m̍i-
|
| possessions |
|
*m̍am̍ikas |
|
| test or weigh |
*m̍a(ː)n(a)- |
|
|
| put spell on |
|
|
*m̍anu(ː)q-
|
| pluck out |
|
*m̍aq-/ma(p)- |
|
| fly |
*m̍a(ː)t- |
|
|
| work |
*m̍a(ː)w-/ma(ː)w̍- |
|
|
| tie |
*m̍iawkʷ-/ma(ː)qʷ- |
|
|
| deliver |
*m̍iaw̍u- |
|
|
| close friend |
|
*m̍ayaɬa |
|
| give birth |
|
*m̍ay̍uƛ a |
|
| take by the hand |
*m̍a(ː)ƛ- |
|
|
| two or second |
*m̍iaʔ(aɬ) /maʔ(aɬ) |
|
|
| sister or cousin (of woman) |
|
|
*m̍aʔaχsy̍iqsu
|
| fish or meat |
*m̍iː- |
|
|
| surprised or hesitant |
|
|
*m̍ickʷ-
|
| awesome |
|
|
*m̍iːm̌i(ː)n̍aːk
|
| gather (fish) |
*m̍in(aːɬ)- |
|
|
| rain |
|
|
*m̍iƛ-
|
| move away |
|
*m̍iƛ- |
|
| tease or do mischief |
|
*m̍iƛ- |
|
| swallow or choke |
|
*m̍k- |
|
| white or grey |
|
*m̍l-/m̍uqʷ- |
|
| think of |
|
*m̍lqw-/mlqʷ- |
|
| stir |
|
*m̍(a)ɬ- |
|
| gesture |
|
*m̍ins-/m̍nc- |
|
| throw away |
|
*m̍q- |
|
| crave |
|
*m̍s- |
|
| sealed off |
*m̍u(x)- |
|
|
| bulky object or stone |
*m̍ukʷ- |
|
|
| bum (torch) |
*m̍ul’-/m̍il’- |
|
|
| keep secret or mute |
*m̍u(ː)qʷ- |
|
|
| scrotum |
|
*m̍u(ʔ)qʷdli |
|
| animal |
|
*m̍uq ʷs |
|
| punch |
|
*m̍x-/mx- |
|
| wet |
|
*m̍χʷ- |
|
| dare |
|
*na- |
|
| go (with) |
*na(ː)(ʔuː)-/n̍a(ː)- |
|
|
| tail of fish or bird |
*naːk-/n̍aːk |
|
|
| ling cod |
|
*naɬm |
|
| grizzly bear |
*naːn(a) |
|
|
| grandparent |
|
|
*nani-
|
| coiled |
|
|
*naːp-/laːp-
|
| strong |
|
|
*naš-
|
| mallard duck |
*naːχ-/naːq |
|
|
| tattle |
|
|
*naːy(iʔ)ayikʷ
|
| echo |
|
|
*nayi-/naya-
|
| snow |
|
*nay̍(iʔ) |
|
| child |
|
|
*nay̍aq(akʷ)/yan̍aq(akʷ)
|
| kick or put foot out |
|
|
*naƛk-
|
| hear or sense |
|
|
*naʔaː-
|
| share food with |
|
|
*naːʔiːyuχ-/n̍aːʔiːyuχ-
|
| vulva |
|
*naʔxʷ |
|
| parent- or child-in-law |
|
*ngʷmp |
|
| nose |
|
|
*nic’a
|
| take revenge |
|
*nik- |
|
| show |
|
*niɬ- |
|
| muddy |
|
*niqʷ- |
|
| be satiated or full |
|
|
*nis-
|
| belch |
|
|
*nisc’it(aq)-
|
| land or country |
|
|
*nism̍ak
|
| beam |
|
|
*nitup
|
| pull up |
*ni(ː)χ- |
|
|
| a short while |
|
*nm(aɬ) |
|
| pound |
|
*np-/n̍p- |
|
| I or we |
*nuː- |
|
|
| mountain |
*nuk(iʔiː) |
|
|
| fur seal |
|
*nukʷi |
|
| pitch-wood |
|
|
*nukʷiyac
|
| slightly more |
|
|
*nuːsiq/nuːsaq
|
| spoiled or polluted |
|
*nut- |
|
| glacier |
|
*nuym̍a/n̍uym̍a |
|
| flexible |
|
*nχ-/n̍χ- |
|
| pick berries |
|
*n̍a-/n̍kʷ- |
|
| (day)lighf |
*n̍aː- |
|
|
| look |
*n̍aːk- |
|
|
| upstream or south |
|
*n̍al(a) |
|
| one |
*n̍am- |
|
|
| tired |
|
|
*n̍am-
|
| die instantly from blow |
|
|
*n̍apxtaː-
|
| drink |
*n̍a(ː)q- |
|
|
| work magic |
|
*n̍awala- |
|
| wait |
*n̍aw(kʷ)-/naw(kʷ)- |
|
|
| crazy or disturbed |
*n̍awɬ(aːwi)-/n̍awɬ(aːwi)- |
|
|
| cover |
*n̍axʷ- |
|
|
| climb (mountain) |
|
*n̍aχ- |
|
| wolverine |
|
*n̍aƛ’(aʔi)- |
|
| dip or sink |
*n̍iː- |
|
|
| thread or sew |
*n̍i(ː)(q)-/q’in- |
|
|
| short |
|
|
*n̍iːc-
|
| tell or say |
|
*n̍ik- |
|
| hold in claws |
|
|
*n̍ikʷ-
|
| penis |
|
*n̍ik’ |
|
| grunt |
|
|
*n̍iɬq-
|
| small bird |
|
|
*n̍iːn̍i(ː)č-/n̍ayn̍iays-
|
| salmon roe |
*n̍ixʷ- |
|
|
| in turmoil |
|
|
*n̍iƛ(χʷ)-
|
| lie back |
*n̍iƛ- |
|
|
| turn inside out |
|
|
*n̍iƛk-
|
| make fun of |
|
|
*n̍uː-
|
| old or wise |
|
*n̍u(ʔ)aq- |
|
| egg |
|
|
*n̍uč’akʷ
|
| steam |
*n̍uk- |
|
|
| sing |
*n̍ul-/nul- |
|
|
| elder brother or sister |
|
*n̍ula- |
|
| push or lean against |
|
*n̍uɬ- |
|
| all |
|
|
*n̍uːm̍(a)
|
| use sling |
*n̍unk- |
|
|
| scattered |
|
|
*n̍uːpi-
|
| harpoon shaft |
|
|
*n̍uːpiyaq’/nuːpiyaq’
|
| swallow |
*n̍uqʷ- |
|
|
| abscess |
|
|
*n̍uqʷiʔiː
|
| tell stories |
|
*n̍us- |
|
| get tangled or argue |
|
|
*n̍us-
|
| distribute property |
|
|
*n̍uš-
|
| become sun-cracked |
|
|
*n̍uxʷ-
|
| naughty |
|
*n̍ix-/nx- |
|
| near |
|
*n̍xʷ(a)- |
|
| flat (layer) |
|
*pa(ƛ)-/p(a)q- |
|
| across |
|
|
*pakʷ-/pak’ʷ-
|
| flood or overflow |
|
*paɬ- |
|
| filet |
|
|
*paːɬ-
|
| soak (to soften) |
*pa(ː)s- |
|
|
| yawn |
|
|
*paːstaq-
|
| Raven’s wife |
|
|
*paːšχ(s)uk
|
| wild rose fruit |
|
|
*patq’aywa
|
| lose or be lost |
|
|
*pawaɬ-
|
| nest |
|
|
*paːχʷac
|
| peel off inner bark |
*pays- |
|
|
| flare up |
|
|
*paƛ-
|
| grave or corpse |
|
|
*piːcksy̍iː/piːcksiʔiː
|
| flat or thin |
*pil(kʷ)-/pil’(kʷ)- |
|
|
| sword fern (game) |
|
|
*pila(y)pila(y)
|
| liver |
|
|
*pi(ː)laːq
|
| tight |
|
|
*piɬ(q)-
|
| dampen |
|
*piqʷ- |
|
| move about |
*pi(ː)s(at)- |
|
|
| whistle |
|
*pi(ʔ)s-/pik- |
|
| wink or close eyes |
|
|
*pišq-
|
| aim or look at |
|
|
*piːχ-
|
| bladder |
|
*pizac’i |
|
| fill up or swell |
|
*pn- |
|
| clear or make easy (to traverse) |
|
*psila |
|
| give medicine |
|
*pt- |
|
| starve |
|
*pu- |
|
| swell or blow up |
*puː(xʷ)- |
|
|
| blow horn |
|
|
*puːtq-
|
| dreaming |
|
|
*pu(ː)w̍is-
|
| float |
*puxʷ-/p’uxʷ- |
|
|
| warm or heat |
|
*px- |
|
| cut or split |
|
*pχ-/bχ- |
|
| heal (shaman) |
|
*pχ- |
|
| wither |
|
*pχʷ- |
|
| fin or palm |
|
*pƛa |
|
| handle (small objects) |
*p’a(ː)- |
|
|
| foam up |
|
|
*p’ac-
|
| dark |
*p’ad- |
|
|
| pluck (feathers) |
*p’al- |
|
|
| work |
|
*p’a(ʔa)la |
|
| large canoe |
|
|
*p’amw̍aɬ
|
| cranberry |
|
|
*p’ap’aʔis
|
| chiton |
|
|
*p’aq’am/p’aq’ʷam
|
| goods |
|
|
*p’atqʷ-
|
| ear |
*p’ayp’ay(ʔiː)/p’asp’ay(ʔiː) |
|
|
| decayed |
*p’ayq-/p’anq- |
|
|
| peek |
|
|
*p’aχ-/paχ-
|
| string out |
|
*p’aƛ- |
|
| soft material |
|
|
*p’iɬuq-
|
| hard |
|
*p’is- |
|
| grope |
|
*p’ixʷ- |
|
| gather (fish or birds) |
|
*p’kʷ-/pkʷ- |
|
| blunt |
|
*p’lq- |
|
| fog |
|
*p’lχla |
|
| sister-in-law |
|
*p’lχʷ-/p’lxʷ- |
|
| blink |
|
*p’ɬ- |
|
| gasp or groan |
|
*p’nq-/ʔnq- |
|
| taste |
|
*p’q- |
|
| halibut |
*p’uː(xʷ)- |
|
|
| moss |
*p’ul- |
|
|
| bubble up |
|
*p’uɬ- /m̍uɬ- |
|
| tired |
|
|
*p’us-
|
| dent or bend |
*p’us(k)-/p’aws(k)- |
|
|
| because or for (that) |
*qa- |
|
|
| nits or lice eggs |
|
|
*qac’aɬiːna
|
| watertight basket |
|
|
*qačaqapɬ/qačaqamɬ
|
| hat |
|
*qa(y)it |
|
| three |
|
|
*qakc’a
|
| lose (in game) |
|
*qak’ʷ- |
|
| cook fish beside fire |
|
*qalakʷa |
|
| boil |
|
|
*qalamitq-
|
| wake of fish in water |
|
*qalat(la) |
|
| walk or roam |
|
*qaɬ-/qas- |
|
| younger brother |
|
|
*qaɬaːtikʷ
|
| trap |
*qam- |
|
|
| deer |
|
*qamila |
|
| rise (smoke or haze) |
|
*qap- |
|
| spring salmon |
|
*qap(s) |
|
| orphan |
|
|
*qaqayaʔak
|
| cut in two |
*qa(ː)t- |
|
|
| hard |
|
|
*qat-/qan-
|
| listen |
|
*qaxʷ-/qaχʷ- |
|
| forked or barbed |
*qa(ː)χ- |
|
|
| clear throat |
|
*qaχ-/qaʔχ- |
|
| die or dead |
|
|
*qaχ-
|
| pack basket |
|
|
*qaʔawac
|
| kind of flat fish |
|
*qc’- |
|
| kind of knife |
|
*qc’m/gc’m |
|
| be or put on side (head) |
|
*qiɬ-/qix- |
|
| spirit of Wolf Ritual |
|
|
*qi(ː)šim/qi(ː)šam
|
| bass |
|
|
*qit’ap
|
| make fast with loop |
*qix(t)- |
|
|
| fade or decay |
|
*qiχ- |
|
| lie |
|
*qlkʷ- |
|
| preserve food with grease |
|
*qlxʷ- |
|
| egg |
|
*qlχ- |
|
| adze |
|
*qns- |
|
| put on shoes |
|
*qnχ- |
|
| be or put upside down |
|
*qp- |
|
| give hunting cry (dogs) |
|
*qq- |
|
| coil |
|
*qs-/gs- |
|
| if |
*quː/qaw |
|
|
| drift |
|
*quqʷ- |
|
| be hard or tough |
*qu(ː)t(k)- |
|
|
| freeze |
|
|
*qu(ː)xʷ-
|
| man or Indian |
|
|
*quːʔas
|
| soul or shadow |
|
|
*quʔaːyič’ina
|
| beautiful |
|
|
*qʷac’aɬ
|
| swan |
*qʷaǧʷuː(qʷ)/ğʷaǧʷuː(qʷ) |
|
|
| seagull |
|
|
*qʷaliː/qʷalali
|
| cut open (fish) |
|
*qʷaq- |
|
| swing |
|
*qʷaqʷafri |
|
| flower or down |
|
*qʷas- |
|
| intentionally |
|
|
*qʷaːss(a)ʔuχ
|
| crunchy |
|
|
*qʷax-
|
| show |
|
*qʷaχʷ- |
|
| smoke |
*qʷayx-/kʷayx- |
|
|
| wolf |
|
|
*qʷayac’iːk
|
| needle |
|
*qʷaʔχʷba |
|
| untie |
|
*qʷiɬ- |
|
| far side |
|
*qʷis-/χʷis- |
|
| hemlock |
|
|
*qʷiƛ’aqmapt
|
| parent or child-in-law |
|
|
*qʷiːʔi(qsu)
|
| excrement |
|
*qʷms- |
|
| worry |
|
*qʷu(ʔ)iqla |
|
| thumb |
|
*qʷuna |
|
| bulge |
|
*qʷuqʷ- |
|
| dancing blanket |
|
*qʷutix |
|
| full |
|
*qʷut’- |
|
| dust or powder |
|
*qʷχ-/qʷχʷ- |
|
| find |
|
*q’a- |
|
| wound |
|
|
*q’a(čaq)-
|
| straight or hit |
|
*q’a(p)- |
|
| cataleptic state in ritual |
|
|
*q’ac(aː)-
|
| continually |
|
|
*q’aːcuk
|
| expert at |
|
|
*q’ac’ik
|
| cut off |
*q’akʷ- |
|
|
| slave |
*q’a(ː)kʷu(ː)/qaxʷ(iːɬ) |
|
|
| flounder |
|
|
*q’alaɬč’a(ʔuː)
|
| curl up |
*q’alxʷ-/q’anxʷ- |
|
|
| chamber pot |
*q’a(ː)ɬ- |
|
|
| braid |
|
*q’aɬ- |
|
| green or unripe |
*q’am(ʔs)- |
|
|
| sing (for dancers) |
*q’amat- |
|
|
| cottonwood |
*q’a(ː)mi(ː)-/q’a(ː)ni(ː)- |
|
|
| horse clams |
|
|
*q’amiːq
|
| punish |
*q’a(ː)m̍i- |
|
|
| sap-wood |
|
|
*q’aihip’a-/q’arhap’a-
|
| willing to learn |
*q’ap- |
|
|
| put arms around |
|
|
*q’apkʷ-
|
| slice fish for drying |
|
|
*q’ap(a)ɬ-
|
| respond |
*q’aq’awy̍u-/χawy̍u- |
|
|
| eyebrow |
|
|
*q’aq’ič(i)
|
| cave |
|
|
*q’aq’iƛ/ʔaq’iƛ
|
| think |
*q’aːs- |
|
|
| chisel or adze |
*q’a(ː)s(t)-/q’alt- |
|
|
| poke with elbow |
*q’as(k)- |
|
|
| sea otter |
|
*q’a(ʔ)sa |
|
| bald |
|
|
*q’asqiː
|
| string breaks |
|
|
*q’aš-
|
| knee or elbow |
|
|
*q’ašinukuma/q’uša(q)nukuma
|
| patch |
*q’at-/q’an- |
|
|
| thank |
|
|
*q’atiq-
|
| curled up |
|
|
*q’atxʷ-
|
| beaver |
|
|
*q’at’axʷa
|
| fish nose |
|
|
*q’awa(ː)n
|
| start to smell bad |
|
*q’awaχʔit |
|
| uncovered (at low tide) |
*q’a(ː)xʷ- |
|
|
| cloudy water |
|
|
*q’aːyaq(a)
|
| lake |
*q’aʔu(ː)- |
|
|
| first menstruation |
|
|
*q’ic’ayit
|
| hemlock needles |
|
*q’ic’s |
|
| give signal with head |
|
|
*q’ičk(at)-
|
| smear or paint |
*q’ilc-/q’ils- |
|
|
| long feather |
|
|
*q’i(yaː)ɬ-
|
| nettle |
|
|
*q’i(ː)ɬmapt
|
| navel |
|
|
*q’ima(ː)n(a)
|
| whirlpool |
|
|
*q’imatq-
|
| dog |
|
|
*q’iniːƛ(č)
|
| much or many |
|
*q’inm |
|
| speak kindly |
|
|
*q’in̍a-
|
| wild currant |
|
*q’is(ina) |
|
| lie |
*q’iːt(kʷ)- |
|
|
| doubt |
|
|
*q’itaːkʷ
|
| sweetheart |
|
|
*q’iwiqsu
|
| driftwood |
|
*q’iχ- |
|
| mosquito |
|
*q’iχa |
|
| bite |
|
*q’k- |
|
| stationary |
|
*q’k- |
|
| rock clam |
|
*q’km̞̍a |
|
| long or deep |
|
*q’l-/qʼlʼ- |
|
| heavy or weight |
|
*q’ls-/q’lc- |
|
| carry in arms |
|
*q’ɬ- |
|
| lazy person |
|
*q’ms(χd) |
|
| brittle or crispy |
|
*q’mxʷ-/qmxʷ- |
|
| stop flowing (sap) |
|
*q’n- |
|
| scald |
|
*q’nc-/q’ns- |
|
| bad feeling in throat from rancid fat |
|
*q’nq’χu |
|
| chitons |
|
*q’ns-/q’nc- |
|
| fold or bundle |
|
*q’ns- |
|
| eat meat or fat |
|
*q’s- |
|
| be somewhere (person(s)) |
|
*q’t- |
|
| edible sea anemone |
|
*q’(a)t- |
|
| calm |
*q’u(ː)(qʷ)-/q’ʷu(ː)qʷ- |
|
|
| fruit |
|
|
*q’uːc’aqtu(ː)p/q’ʷuːc’aqtu(ː)p
|
| loon or grebe |
|
*q’uda(q) |
|
| well up |
|
*q’uɬ- |
|
| bent |
|
*q’uɬ-/q ʷuɬ- |
|
| howl |
|
*q’um-/q’m- |
|
| copulate or move back and forth |
*q’up(xʷ)- |
|
|
| belly |
|
|
*q’us(p’at’u)-
|
| alien (Salish) |
|
|
*q’uːsap
|
| make use of a pole |
|
*q’ut- |
|
| translate |
|
|
*q’uːy̍ap-
|
| medicine |
|
|
*q’u(ː)y̍i
|
| eat herring eggs |
|
*q’x- |
|
| six |
|
*q’ƛ’a- |
|
| stand (plural objects) |
|
*q’ʷa- |
|
| partialdried or soaked |
|
|
*q’ʷac’aqakʷ
|
| get up |
|
*q’ʷakliɬ |
|
| twist |
*q’ʷal-/q’ʷaƛ- |
|
|
| uncle or brother of male |
*q’ʷali(kʷ)- |
|
|
| bum to cinders |
|
*q’ʷaɬ- |
|
| heron or crane |
*q’ʷaːnis/q’ʷaːlis |
|
|
| lupine or clover root |
*q’ʷans- |
|
|
| grow |
*q’ʷa(ː)q-/q’ʷaːχ- |
|
|
| shark |
|
*q’ʷaqʷ- |
|
| crowded together |
|
*q’ʷat’- |
|
| cry |
*q’ʷay(q)-/q’ʷa(ː)s- |
|
|
| autumn |
|
|
*q’ʷa(ː)y̍iː(ʔi)čχ
|
| pick sprouts |
|
*q’ʷaʔɬ- |
|
| rotten |
*q’ʷil-/q’ʷayl- |
|
|
| sticky or rubbery |
*q’ʷin-/q’ʷinat- |
|
|
| snot |
|
|
*q’ʷin(a)tmis
|
| char bottom of canoe |
|
|
*q’ʷiːq-
|
| squeeze |
|
*q’ʷi(ʔ)s- |
|
| scratch |
*q’ʷit-/q’ʷiɬ- |
|
|
| Mink (in stories) |
|
|
*q’ʷityaːt/kʷatyaːt
|
| collapse or crumble |
*q’ʷiːƛ-/q’ʷiːɬ- |
|
|
| do on one’s own |
|
*q’ʷ(i)l- |
|
| alive or survive |
|
*q’ʷla- |
|
| ticklish |
|
*q’ʷlqʷ- |
|
| end |
|
*q’ʷl’(ba) |
|
| hide s.th. or do secretly |
|
*q’ʷl’aƛ a |
|
| liver |
|
*q’ʷm(m)s |
|
| poke or pierce |
|
*q’ʷmt- |
|
| roll down (rocks) |
|
*q’ʷmx- |
|
| often |
|
*q’ʷn-/q’ʷl- |
|
| fat |
|
*q’ʷnk- |
|
| swallow after chewing |
|
*q’ʷnqʷ- |
|
| take apart |
|
*q’ʷqʷ- |
|
| drizzle |
|
*q’ʷs- |
|
| scar |
|
*q’ʷt- |
|
| standing out or more |
*q’ʷu(m)- |
|
|
| stump |
|
*q’ʷumaqmi |
|
| pour or sprinkle |
*q’ʷup- |
|
|
| bladder |
|
|
*q’ʷuqʷac
|
| mountain |
|
*q’ʷuq’ʷs |
|
| neck |
|
*q’ʷuq’ʷun̍i |
|
| eat berry cake |
|
*q’ʷut- |
|
| dress |
|
*q’ʷuχʷ- |
|
| wise |
|
*sa- |
|
| crawl |
*sa(χ)- |
|
|
| one or alone |
*sa-/saχʷ- |
|
|
| spear |
*sa(ʔak)- |
|
|
| sharp |
|
|
*sačk-
|
| sea urchin |
|
|
*sačkaːp(ɬ)
|
| unceasingly |
|
|
*sač’-
|
| bracken fern |
|
*sagʷm |
|
| additional |
|
*saka |
|
| rush or reed |
|
|
*salaχaɬ
|
| lips |
|
*saliqti/saliqʷti |
|
| ring finger |
|
*sal’(ayu) |
|
| song of love or lament |
|
*sal’ala |
|
| shark |
|
|
*samaːs
|
| Douglas fir |
|
|
*sama(ː)χtaqapt
|
| kelp fishing line |
|
|
*sana(p’aɬ)
|
| peel cedar bark |
*sanq- |
|
|
| skin or turn back |
|
*sap- |
|
| hummingbird |
|
|
*saːsin
|
| offspring |
|
*sasm |
|
| itch |
|
|
*sa(ː)tq-
|
| use (a means of transport) |
|
*saw̍ati |
|
| cover |
*say- |
|
|
| far |
|
|
*sayaː-/χayaː-
|
| travel (by water) |
*sayk- |
|
|
| whistle |
|
|
*saːyupq-/saːwupq-
|
| seal |
|
*saʔkʷ- |
|
| use a stick or pole |
*siː- |
|
|
| maggot |
|
|
*siːc(maːna)
|
| fish chowder |
|
|
*siču(ʔ)iː
|
| blueberry (bush) |
|
*sikʷ- |
|
| bend or crooked |
|
*si(ʔ)kʷ- |
|
| huckleberry |
*silm- |
|
|
| snake |
|
*siɬm |
|
| wolverine or marten |
|
|
*siɬsi-
|
| roast fish over coals |
|
|
*simit-
|
| stick bait on hook |
|
|
*si(ː)p’iq-
|
| suppurate |
|
|
*si(ː)q-
|
| cooked or ripe |
*si(ː)q- |
|
|
| split lengthwise |
*si(ː)t- |
|
|
| tail |
|
|
*sit’a-
|
| peel |
|
*six- |
|
| rash or sores |
|
|
*sixʷ(iʔiː)
|
| herring eggs |
|
|
*siːχm̍uː/χiːcm̍uʔuː
|
| I |
|
|
*siy̍a(ː)
|
| fishing for octopus |
|
|
*siy̍uːp
|
| have others do one’s work |
|
*sɬ- |
|
| extract oolachen oil |
|
*smk- |
|
| mouth |
|
*sms- |
|
| think |
|
*s(i)n- |
|
| whole |
|
*sn(ala) |
|
| nits or louse eggs |
|
*sndn |
|
| flash |
|
*sp- |
|
| inedible red berry |
|
*sp’uli/sp’a(w)li |
|
| take |
*su(ː)- |
|
|
| you |
*suː(k)- |
|
|
| tree |
|
|
*suč’(as)
|
| five |
*suk’a(ː)- |
|
|
| drill |
*sul(t)- |
|
|
| sand |
|
|
*sup’icmis
|
| pleased |
|
*suqʷ- |
|
| swim |
|
|
*sus-
|
| thunder |
*su(ː)w̍aː |
|
|
| spiderweb |
|
|
*suːyaq
|
| sawbill duck |
|
*sχm |
|
| mixed up |
|
|
*šaːxt(akʷ)
|
| flee |
|
|
*šaxʷ-
|
| purse or draw together (lips) |
|
|
*šiq-
|
| brush off |
|
|
*šiš-
|
| fern |
|
|
*šiƛ a
|
| freight canoe |
|
|
*ši(ː)ƛ(uq)sac
|
| rust |
|
|
*šuχ-
|
| halibut |
|
|
*šuːyuːɬ
|
| drift or wade |
*taː- |
|
|
| still |
|
|
*ta(ː)kaː
|
| belly |
*ta(ː)k’- |
|
|
| warm oneself |
*taɬ- |
|
|
| drip |
|
*tarhaqʷa |
|
| mosquito |
|
|
*tana(kʷ)(mas)
|
| cannibal dancer |
|
*tanis |
|
| cross-piece |
|
|
*ta(ː)pʔa(ma)
|
| oolachen net |
|
*taqaʔɬ |
|
| earthquake |
|
|
*taqiː
|
| hold or squeeze |
*ta(ː)qʷ-/tap(q)- |
|
|
| cover |
|
*taqʷ- |
|
| walk with cane or staff |
|
|
*taq’aɬ-
|
| rub on |
|
|
*tas-
|
| older brother |
|
|
*ta(ː)yiː/taːyaːyu
|
| fish or seal club |
|
|
*taːyi(ː)n(iɬ)
|
| sick |
|
|
*taʔ(iɬ)
|
| sea cucumber |
|
|
*taːʔiniwa
|
| fall or sink |
*tiː(kʷ)-/tay(kʷ)- |
|
|
| alive or healthy |
|
|
*tiːč-
|
| sea otter |
|
|
*tiːčaq
|
| flick or bounce |
|
*t(i)k- |
|
| splash |
*tilxʷ-/taʔilxʷ- |
|
|
| fish bait |
*tiːɬ- |
|
|
| octopus |
|
|
*tiːɬ(uːp)
|
| skunk cabbage |
|
|
*timaːt/timuːt
|
| wade or kick in water |
*timqʷ-/timq- |
|
|
| vibrate |
*tims-/timx- |
|
|
| covered in sweat or dew |
|
*tiniqa |
|
| squash or smash |
*ti(ɬ)q- |
|
|
| laugh |
*ti(ː)xʷ-/ti(ː)kʷ- |
|
|
| green or yellow |
|
*tiχ- |
|
| (eat) cured salmon eggs |
|
*tmkʷ- |
|
| cover with dirt |
|
*tqʷ- |
|
| (lake) trout |
|
*tq’ani |
|
| octopus |
|
*tq’ʷa |
|
| press against |
|
*ts- |
|
| walk |
|
*tu- |
|
| pluck |
|
|
*tucq-/tucχ-
|
| stretch tight |
|
|
*tučiɬ-
|
| east (wind) |
|
|
*tuč’a-
|
| skin or hide |
|
|
*tukʷaq
|
| soft |
*tulqʷ- |
|
|
| dark spot |
*tu(ː)m-/tu(ː)p- |
|
|
| garbage |
|
|
*tumu(ː)s
|
| hereditary privileges |
|
|
*tupaːt(i)
|
| ling cod |
|
|
*tuškaːwiχ
|
| bunched up |
*tu(ː)xq-/tu(ː)χʷ- |
|
|
| become afraid |
|
|
*tuːχ-
|
| spruce |
|
|
*tuːχmapt
|
| fish with line |
*t’a(p)- |
|
|
| lean |
*t’a(ː)(χ)- |
|
|
| sudden |
|
|
*t’aččiƛ-
|
| sardines |
|
|
*t’ačk’umc
|
| scratch |
*t’akʷ- |
|
|
| fish gills |
|
|
*t’ak’ʷas
|
| slice fish |
|
*t’aɬ- |
|
| lash or tie |
*t’am- |
|
|
| drum or beat time |
*t’am(s)- |
|
|
| kingfisher |
*t’a(ː)mu(ː)kʷ |
|
|
| stacked or layered |
|
|
*t’aːna-
|
| carry on back |
|
|
*t’anup-
|
| child |
|
|
*t’a(ː)n̍a
|
| think |
|
|
*t’apat-
|
| close eyes |
|
|
*t’apɬ-/t’amɬ-
|
| straight (opposite) |
*t’a(ː)q-/t’aʔχ- |
|
|
| give up |
|
|
*t’aq(aː)-
|
| scatter or distribute |
|
*t’aq- |
|
| noon |
|
|
*t’aqasiː
|
| truthful |
|
|
*t’aqu-
|
| believe |
|
|
*t’a(ː)qʷ-
|
| shiver |
|
*t’as- |
|
| dive |
*t’a(ː)(m)s-/da(ː)(m)s- |
|
|
| hawk |
*t’at’ak’ʷ(k’uk) |
|
|
| insect |
|
|
*t’at’apw̍an(a)
|
| bucking the wind (in canoe) |
|
|
*t’aːt’aːwic
|
| star |
*t’a(ː)w- |
|
|
| overloaded |
|
|
*t’awaːkʷ-
|
| trail or way |
*t’ax- |
|
|
| pad |
*t’aykʷ-/t’ayk- |
|
|
| anchored |
|
|
*t’ayuː-
|
| necklace |
|
|
*t’aː(ʔa)numa
|
| kind of canoe |
|
*t’gʷn |
|
| lie in wait |
|
*t’i-/t’ay- |
|
| (stone) weight |
*t’i(ː) |
|
|
| fern (root) |
|
*t’ibam- |
|
| drum in rapid beat |
|
|
*t’ick-
|
| sit or lie back |
*t’ik-/t’iːqʷ- |
|
|
| dig with digging stick |
|
|
*t’iːkʷ-
|
| hang |
|
*t’ikʷ- |
|
| hiccup |
|
|
*t’i(ː)k’ʷacq-
|
| soak |
*t’i(ː)ɬ- |
|
|
| step on |
|
*t’ip- |
|
| (handle) mushy stuff |
|
*t’iqʷ- |
|
| carry bulky thing on shoulders |
|
*t’ix- |
|
| black eye |
|
*t’ixʷ- |
|
| (wipe) tears |
|
|
*t’iχ-
|
| thicken or curdle |
|
*t’iʔk-/t’iʔkʷ- |
|
| soil or clay |
|
*t’k- |
|
| jump (fish) |
|
*t’lm- |
|
| cranberry |
|
*t’ls- |
|
| old canoe |
|
*t’m(s)- |
|
| shrivel up |
|
*t’mkʷ- |
|
| gooseberry |
|
*t’mxʷ-/tmxʷ- |
|
| close (to another person) |
|
*t’(a)n-/t’(a)n- |
|
| cold |
|
*t’ns/t’nc- |
|
| hard |
|
*t’nx-/d(i)x- |
|
| climb |
|
*t’p- |
|
| blame |
|
*t’q- |
|
| clover root |
|
*t’qʷ- |
|
| chest |
|
*t’q’bu(ʔa) |
|
| pound |
|
*t’s- |
|
| giant sea urchin |
|
|
*t’uc’up
|
| shred cedar bark by pounding |
*t’ulxʷ- |
|
|
| lump |
*t’um(q)-/t’un(k)- |
|
|
| cattail or reed |
|
|
*t’u(ː)na(ː)xʷ
|
| happy |
|
|
*t’uːp(uk)
|
| sneeze |
|
|
*t’up’icx-
|
| narrow opening |
*t’u(ː)qʷ-/t’u(ː)kʷ- |
|
|
| cut |
*t’u(ː)s-/t’u(ː)c- |
|
|
| rabbit |
|
|
*t’ut’upč’as
|
| waves |
|
*t’uxʷa |
|
| head |
*t’uχʷ-/t’uq- |
|
|
| river or stream |
|
*wa- |
|
| say or speak |
*waː(ɬ)- |
|
|
| well now |
*waː(y)/w̍a(y) |
|
|
| murre |
|
|
*waːcq’aš
|
| periwinkle |
|
|
*wac’aːy̍i
|
| (carry) firewood |
|
|
*wa(ː)č-
|
| thin skin |
|
|
*wač’in(a)
|
| go |
|
|
*wahaːkʷ
|
| return or circle |
*wal(x)-/wal(k)- |
|
|
| larynx |
|
|
*wani(ː)q
|
| herring |
|
*wan̍(ay)i(ʔ) |
|
| red snapper |
|
|
*wa(ː)n̍uɬ
|
| frog |
*wa(ː)q’(it) |
|
|
| cape |
|
*waqʷ- |
|
| spawn |
|
*was- |
|
| pit of stomach |
|
*wasdm/w̍asdm |
|
| try |
|
*wax- |
|
| bee or wasp |
|
|
*waxaːc’iɬuɬ
|
| fart |
*wa(ː)xʷ-/w̍a(ː)xʷ |
|
|
| throw away |
|
|
*waχ-/w̍aχ-
|
| weak |
*wayɬ-/w̍ayƛ- |
|
|
| go back |
|
|
*waƛ’aq-
|
| kelp perch |
|
|
*waʔaqap
|
| sleep |
|
|
*waʔič-
|
| lift |
|
*wi- |
|
| insufficient or fail |
*wi(ː)- |
|
|
| spring |
|
*wi(ʔ)agiwa |
|
| timid |
|
|
*wiːc(ʔ)akʷ
|
| be late |
|
*wic’a- |
|
| thoughtless |
|
|
*wičaq-
|
| barren (woman) |
|
|
*wikaχuɬ
|
| easy |
|
|
*wikcuk
|
| stormy weather |
|
|
*wiki(ː)c’aχ(akʷ)
|
| unwilling to give |
|
|
*wikiːma
|
| absent |
|
|
*wik’iːt
|
| beach |
|
*wil’/wiʔl |
|
| sturdy or durable |
|
|
*wiːmiːɬ
|
| raid |
*wiːna-/w̍ina- |
|
|
| fear |
|
|
*wiːnač/wiːn̍ač
|
| weary of |
|
|
*wipax-
|
| feeble |
|
|
*wipxuːɬ
|
| angry or stormy |
|
|
*wiːq-
|
| blunt |
|
|
*wisaqaɬ/wičaqaɬ
|
| dark |
|
|
*wist(i)q’a-
|
| lie back |
|
*wiχ- |
|
| miss |
|
|
*wi(ː)yi(ː)-
|
| stingy |
|
|
*wiːyiːk
|
| never |
|
|
*wiːy̍a
|
| go out (fire) |
|
|
*wiƛ’aq-/w̍iƛ’aq-
|
| baby seal |
|
*wliqʷ/w̍liqʷ |
|
| afraid |
|
*wlq-/w̍lq- |
|
| at short notice |
|
*wlxʷ- |
|
| love charm |
|
*wlχʷ- |
|
| without help or in vain |
|
*wɬ- |
|
| use a plug |
|
*wn- |
|
| milk |
|
*wnbis |
|
| go on! |
|
*wnina/w̍nina |
|
| scorch |
|
*wniqʷa |
|
| antlers |
|
*wƛ- |
|
| do as group |
*w̍a(ː)- |
|
|
| hunt with dogs |
*w̍aː(s)- |
|
|
| bark |
*w̍aːk-/wa(ː)ɬ(yuq)- |
|
|
| on both ends or sides |
*w̍a(ː)ks- |
|
|
| hiccup |
|
*w̍ak’pa |
|
| temples |
|
|
*w̍aɬw̍aɬ
|
| leftover food |
*w̍aːmuːt/m̍aːmuːt |
|
|
| move one’s belongings |
|
*w̍arh- |
|
| exchange |
|
*w̍an- |
|
| lover |
|
*w̍anak |
|
| annoyed |
|
*w̍an̍iqa |
|
| water (down) |
|
*w̍ap- |
|
| feed visitors |
*w̍aːq- |
|
|
| cough |
|
|
*w̍asaq-
|
| pull |
|
*w̍at- |
|
| kelp |
*w̍at-/wat- |
|
|
| mass of land or water |
|
*w̍aw(is) |
|
| smoke |
|
*w̍aχ- |
|
| where or which |
*w̍ay(a)/way(a)- |
|
|
| sibling of opposite sex |
|
*w̍aʔq’ʷa |
|
| lift head |
|
|
*w̍ick-
|
| clear or bare |
|
|
*w̍ičq-
|
| carry load on shoulders |
|
*w̍ik- |
|
| thin |
|
*w̍iɬ |
|
| (go to) bottom |
|
*w̍inq- |
|
| float deep |
*w̍ins- |
|
|
| male |
|
*w̍ism |
|
| deflate |
|
|
*w̍iš(akʷ)/w̍išk(akʷ)
|
| early morning |
|
*w̍i(ʔ)uƛ |
|
| use branches |
|
*w̍l- |
|
| be affected (emotionally) |
|
*w̍n- |
|
| hair or fur |
|
*w̍s- |
|
| moose |
|
*w̍zik |
|
| rib |
|
*xaka |
|
| respect or care for |
|
*xaɬ- |
|
| woman or girl |
|
|
*xaːnaʔakʷ
|
| separate |
*xas(k)- |
|
|
| peek |
|
*xat- |
|
| show teeth or grin |
|
*xic-/xis- |
|
| sniff |
*xins-/nix(s)- |
|
|
| red hot |
|
*xiq- |
|
| raise |
|
*xit- |
|
| move |
*xiƛ- |
|
|
| be or put s.th. limp |
|
*xlq- |
|
| lasso or snare |
|
*xm̍- |
|
| spray |
|
*xs-/xiɬ- |
|
| crumble |
*xʷac(akʷ)-/χʷayc(akʷ)- |
|
|
| swell |
|
|
*xʷak-
|
| (travel in) canoe |
|
*xʷakʷ- |
|
| flare up |
|
*xʷam̍at- |
|
| prepare for s.th. |
|
*xʷas- |
|
| rake or scratch |
|
*xʷat-/kʷat- |
|
| swaying |
*xʷaʔic-/xʷayʔis- |
|
|
| cross piece of halibut hooks |
|
*xʷc’χλanu |
|
| return or turn over |
|
*xʷiɬ-/xʷa(y)iɬ- |
|
| brush past |
|
|
*xʷinš-
|
| swing a line |
|
*xʷiq- |
|
| stick out |
|
*xʷit- |
|
| hollow or open |
|
*xʷlp- |
|
| sting |
|
*xʷm(q)- |
|
| nose |
|
*xʷmaq |
|
| cold spring |
|
*xʷnis |
|
| female duck |
|
*xʷubi |
|
| Indian rice |
|
*xʷukʷm |
|
| boiled salmon eggs |
|
*xʷuɬ- |
|
| take a rest |
|
*xʷus- |
|
| very or too |
*χa(ː)- |
|
|
| over there or downriver |
*χaː-/χaw- |
|
|
| unafraid |
|
|
*χaːca-
|
| all used up |
|
|
*χaːčat-
|
| deep |
|
|
*χaːčiː
|
| woman’s brother |
|
|
*χačims(iqsu)
|
| chiefs wife |
|
|
*χaku(ː)m(a)
|
| do in person |
|
*χamaka |
|
| evade |
|
|
*χam(a)q-
|
| dry (fish) |
*χams- |
|
|
| know |
|
|
*χamup-
|
| stay overnight |
*χaiha- |
|
|
| trying hard |
|
|
*χanuːs
|
| naked |
*χa(ː)n̍a- |
|
|
| relaxed |
|
|
*χapux-
|
| bright |
|
|
*χas-
|
| oil hair |
|
|
*χat-
|
| lucky in love |
|
|
*χat’ap-
|
| loon |
*χaːw̍i(ː)/χaːwi(ː) |
|
|
| bone |
*χa(ː)x/χa(ː)xaq- |
|
|
| advise |
|
|
*χa(ː)χap(χta)-
|
| barnacle-like shell-fish |
*χa(ː)ya- |
|
|
| widowed or unmarried |
*χay(g)iɬ- |
|
|
| rot or excrement |
*χays-/χayc- |
|
|
| cradle |
|
*χaʔp’i |
|
| cedar storage box |
|
*χcm |
|
| river canoe |
|
*χc’aʔi |
|
| crawl |
*χi(ː)- |
|
|
| bend over |
|
|
*χi(n)-
|
| sweep or brush off |
|
*χikʷ- |
|
| wood shavings |
*χi(ː)x- |
|
|
| licorice fern |
|
|
*χi(ː)χiʔita
|
| mountain lion |
|
|
*χiʔina
|
| bark |
|
*χ(a)kʷ- |
|
| scrape up with fingers |
|
*χlp- |
|
| low class or alone |
|
*χ(a)m- |
|
| handle a hollow object |
|
*χms- |
|
| damage or ruin |
|
*χmƛ- |
|
| little or few |
|
*χn- |
|
| carrot |
|
*χtm |
|
| split (wood) |
|
*χu- |
|
| scoop up |
*χul-/χuːt- |
|
|
| jellyfish |
|
|
*χul(χ)ulw̍a(mac)
|
| large mussel |
|
*χuɬ(a) |
|
| sole |
|
|
*χuɬapiχ
|
| red cedar |
|
|
*χum-
|
| snore |
*χumt- |
|
|
| gather material for fire |
|
*χup- |
|
| rough |
|
*χup- |
|
| hollow inverted object |
*χu(l)qʷ- |
|
|
| mask |
|
|
*χuqʷawuma
|
| splash |
*χu(ː)s-/χu(ː)t- |
|
|
| be or put long thing |
|
*χƛ- |
|
| maggot-infested |
|
*χʷas(a) |
|
| unable |
|
|
*χʷi- (-’aːχ)
|
| stir |
|
*χʷit- |
|
| tomcod |
|
*χʷlcus/χʷlsus |
|
| mark with a groove |
|
*χʷlk- |
|
| sharpen with a file |
|
*χʷlqʷ- |
|
| venereal disease |
|
*χʷmsa |
|
| shake or shiver |
|
*χʷn- |
|
| burnt up (fire) |
|
*χʷn- |
|
| child |
|
*χʷn(u)kʷ |
|
| slimy |
*χʷuɬ-/χʷus- |
|
|
| boil |
|
*χʷus- |
|
| cut |
*χʷut- |
|
|
| that |
*yaː/y̍aː |
|
|
| move or step |
*ya(ː)(c)-/y̍a(ː)- |
|
|
| kick |
|
|
*yack-
|
| dogfish |
|
|
*yača(ʔaː)
|
| wrapped bundle |
|
|
*ya(ː)čqamɬ
|
| bent |
*ya(ː)k- |
|
|
| sore |
*yalkʷ-/y̍lkʷ |
|
|
| there |
|
|
*yaːɬ
|
| right away |
|
|
*yaniː
|
| that which |
|
|
*yaqʷ-
|
| woodworms |
|
*yaqʷ(aʔ)i |
|
| hunt fur seal |
|
|
*ya(ː)šma-
|
| rattle (dance) |
*yaːt-/y̍at- |
|
|
| stay a while |
|
*yawasa |
|
| shout or groan |
|
|
*yaːχ-
|
| friend or relative |
|
|
*yaːyaqw̍at/yay̍aqew̍at
|
| species of tree |
|
*yayaw̍al’as |
|
| that yonder |
*yi(ː)-/y̍i(ː)- |
|
|
| meaning |
|
*yilaqʷa |
|
| chief |
|
*yim̍as/him̍as |
|
| trained or tamed |
|
*yi(ʔ)ut- |
|
| rub or smear |
|
*ylχ- |
|
| weave |
|
*yp- |
|
| blow (wind) |
*yu(ː)- |
|
|
| three |
*(wiː)yu(ː)(d)- |
|
|
| safe harbour |
|
|
*yuːɬ
|
| fast |
*yu(ː)x- |
|
|
| prepare for departure |
|
|
*yuxta-
|
| lungs |
*yuxw-/xʷu(ː)- |
|
|
| float or drift |
*yu(ː)xʷ- |
|
|
| give off hot air |
|
|
*yuxʷ-
|
| early |
|
|
*yuːyu(ː)
|
| layer of fat or tallow |
|
*yxʷsmi(ʔ) |
|
| possessions |
|
*yχƛn |
|
| wrap around |
|
*yƛ- |
|
| blame self or others |
*y̍aː- |
|
|
| send |
|
*y̍a(p)-/ya(p)- |
|
| bad |
|
*y̍ak-/y̍axʷ- |
|
| lie (long thing) |
*y̍aːqʷ- |
|
|
| spread apart |
*y̍as-/y̍aɬ- |
|
|
| hello! |
|
*y̍aw |
|
| give gifts |
*y̍a(ː)x-/yaʔax- |
|
|
| molten |
|
*y̍aχ- |
|
| unsatisfactory or unable |
|
|
*y̍im-/y̍um-
|
| (man’s) brother-in-law |
|
|
*y̍ima-
|
| knit |
|
*y̍q- |
|
| that (near you) |
*y̍u(ː)- |
|
|
| narrow |
|
|
*y̍učk-
|
| rain |
|
*y̍ugʷ- |
|
| woman’s younger brother |
|
|
*y̍ukʷi-
|
| taboo |
|
|
*y̍uma(ak)/numa(ak)
|
| thicket or brush |
|
|
*y̍um̍uːk/y̍uːmuːk
|
| also |
|
|
*y̍uːqʷa
|
| sip or spoon up |
|
*y̍us- |
|
| little finger |
|
|
*y̍uy̍uːkʷicn̍ukuma
|
| rise (tide) or flood |
|
*y̍χʷ- |
|
| dance |
|
*y̍χʷ-/yχʷ- |
|
| extend limb |
|
*zakʷ-/zikʷ- |
|
| (suck at) breast |
|
*zam̍a |
|
| wind from the sea |
|
*zaq ʷ(a) |
|
| dark coloured |
|
*zas-/zaq- |
|
| oolachen (candlefish) |
|
*zaxʷn |
|
| move or function |
|
*zikʷ- |
|
| stop speaking or crying |
|
*ziq- |
|
| old salmon |
|
*zlk- |
|
| crawl under |
|
*zlχ- |
|
| be emotionally attached to |
|
*zn̍- |
|
| scratch or rub |
*zuk- |
|
|
| fill |
*zum(p)-/zu(ː)p- |
|
|
| sasquatch |
|
*zunuq’ʷa |
|
| sleet |
|
*zuq’ʷqla/cuq’ʷqla |
|
| cohoe salmon |
*zu(ː)xʷ- |
|
|
| log or pole |
|
*zuxʷm |
|
| stand |
*λa(ː)- |
|
|
| wedge |
*λa(ː)-/ƛa(ː)- |
|
|
| near |
*λa(wa)- |
|
|
| fish with a net |
|
*λak- |
|
| ocean perch |
|
*λama(w̍a) |
|
| dig |
*λa(ː)p- |
|
|
| (drive) peg |
*λa(ː)p’iq- |
|
|
| get up |
|
*λaχʷliɬ |
|
| (with) another |
*λaʔu(ː) |
|
|
| cinquefoil |
*λiksa(ʔ)m |
|
|
| borrow |
|
*λikʷ(u) |
|
| name or call |
|
*λiq- |
|
| steer boat |
*λix(k)-/ƛix(k)- |
|
|
| leave on boat trip |
*λiχ-/ƛiχ- |
|
|
| scab or sore |
|
*λm- |
|
| bolt door |
|
*λnika |
|
| supernatural power |
*λuːgʷ-/λuːkʷ- |
|
|
| wide |
*λukʷ-/ƛ ukʷ- |
|
|
| nephew or cousin |
|
*λul’(iʔ) |
|
| crosswise |
*λux-/ƛux- |
|
|
| platform |
|
*ƛa- |
|
| sing chant (doctoring) |
|
|
*ƛa(ː)čit-
|
| stand (human) |
|
|
*ƛaki(ː)š-
|
| stay quietly in place |
|
|
*ƛanaː-
|
| vibrating |
|
*ƛan̍iχ- |
|
| raccoon |
|
|
*ƛapisam
|
| shoulder blade |
|
*ƛaq’ʷdn |
|
| foreign |
|
|
*ƛaːsa-
|
| stiff |
|
|
*ƛatč-/ƛašt-
|
| paddle |
|
|
*ƛatw̍a-
|
| shallow or low |
|
|
*ƛawaːč’a(y)
|
| look for lice |
|
*ƛax- |
|
| shout |
|
*ƛaχ- |
|
| ten |
|
|
*ƛaχʷa
|
| extra |
|
|
*ƛaya(ma)
|
| metal |
|
|
*ƛay̍akʷ
|
| woodpecker |
|
|
*ƛaƛamaɬp’ič
|
| kind of snipe |
|
|
*ƛaƛasic
|
| blood |
|
|
*ƛaːƛaːw̍aqmis
|
| beat time |
|
*ƛiq-/ƛiχ- |
|
| foot or leg |
|
|
*ƛišƛina/ƛiʔiščina
|
| shinny game |
|
|
*ƛiːyuːq’ʷaʔa/ƛ’iːyuːq’ʷaʔa
|
| milky water |
|
*ƛiʔχstu/ƛ’iʔχstu |
|
| unhappy or wilting |
|
*ƛnqʷ- |
|
| burst |
|
*ƛp- |
|
| catch (with fish trap) |
|
*ƛq- |
|
| raven |
|
|
*ƛuːkʷšuːna
|
| good or even |
*ƛu(ː)ɬ- |
|
|
| do slowly |
|
|
*ƛuːɬ(aː)-
|
| herring |
|
|
*ƛus(mit)
|
| temporary camp |
|
|
*ƛuːʔ(uː)is
|
| black bear |
|
*ƛ’a(ʔi) |
|
| outwards or seawards |
*ƛ’aː(s) |
|
|
| fat |
|
|
*ƛ’ac-
|
| fold |
|
|
*ƛ’ač-
|
| black stone |
|
|
*ƛ’ačamɬ
|
| collapse |
|
|
*ƛ’ačk-
|
| kind of snail |
|
|
*ƛ’aːčkʷaːl(a)
|
| kneel or lean on |
*ƛ’akʷ- |
|
|
| spreader bar (for fishing) |
|
|
*ƛ’aːk’ʷiɬ/ƛ’aːk’ʷuɬ
|
| long canoe |
|
|
*ƛ’aːla(y̍)
|
| do bad things |
|
|
*ƛ’alaqak
|
| cockle |
|
|
*ƛ’ala(ː)ʔuma/ƛ‘aƛ’a(ː)ʔuma
|
| surface (whale) |
|
*ƛ’aɬ- |
|
| make use of stick |
*ƛ’am- |
|
|
| fat or blubber |
|
|
*ƛ’amas
|
| hard to split |
*ƛ’amχʷ- |
|
|
| hemlock (bark) |
*ƛ’ank- |
|
|
| hold legs or arms together or to body |
*ƛ’ap- |
|
|
| throw mushy substance |
|
|
*ƛ’apq-
|
| slap or pat |
*ƛ’apχ-/ƛ aqʷ- |
|
|
| grow or stretch |
*ƛ’a(ː)q- |
|
|
| come undone or open |
|
|
*ƛ’aqɬ-
|
| copper or red |
|
*ƛ’aqʷ- |
|
| grease or slippery |
*ƛ’a(ː)s-/ƛ’a(ː)c- |
|
|
| naked |
|
|
*ƛ’askimɬ
|
| thrash or kick |
|
|
*ƛ’ašitq-
|
| adzing |
|
|
*ƛ’axʷ-
|
| stiff |
|
*ƛ’aχ- |
|
| stop crying |
*ƛ’aχ- |
|
|
| flat(wise) |
|
|
*ƛ’aχ-
|
| alongside |
|
|
*ƛ’aχiːnkʷ
|
| box |
|
|
*ƛ’aχiːqs
|
| mask dance |
|
|
*ƛ’a(ː)χsaːt’a(ma)
|
| steelhead trout |
|
*ƛ’aχwlamas |
|
| cliff |
*ƛ’ay(c’)- |
|
|
| envy |
|
*ƛ’ayma |
|
| beads |
|
*ƛ’ay̍ala |
|
| butterfly |
|
|
*ƛ’aːƛ’a(ː)w̍a(ː)na
|
| sole or palm |
|
|
*ƛ’a(ː)ƛ’a(ː)χ-
|
| lucky charm |
|
|
*ƛ’aːʔin(a)wa
|
| steep |
|
*ƛ’aʔnχla |
|
| exchange gifts at feast |
*ƛ’iː- |
|
|
| walk |
|
|
*ƛ’iː-
|
| shoot |
*ƛ’i(ː)-/ƛ’ay- |
|
|
| skin or fur |
*ƛ’iː(s)-/ƛ’iːχ- |
|
|
| blueberry |
|
|
*ƛ’icƛʷapi(ː)χ
|
| creak |
|
|
*ƛ’ič(k)-
|
| tattoo |
|
*ƛ’ikʷ- |
|
| smack lips |
|
*ƛ’ik’ʷala |
|
| finger-pulling game |
|
|
*ƛ’ilu(ː)xst’aɬ
|
| comb or stroke |
|
|
*ƛ’im-/ƛ’ip-
|
| barnacle |
|
|
*ƛ’imi(χan)
|
| broth |
|
|
*ƛ’imuš(cit)/ƛ’umuš(cit)
|
| ash |
|
|
*ƛ’int(mis)
|
| oolachen (oil) |
*ƛ’iːn̍a(ː) |
|
|
| whale skin |
|
|
*ƛ’i(ː)n̍i(mc)
|
| roll up or turn inside out |
|
*ƛ’ip- |
|
| cormorant |
*ƛ’ip(uːs)/ƛ’u(ː)p- |
|
|
| spawning of herrings |
|
*ƛ’iq(la) |
|
| break off |
*ƛ’iqʷ- |
|
|
| jack pine |
|
*ƛ’iqʷas |
|
| clay |
|
*ƛ’iq’(a) |
|
| white (hot) |
*ƛ’i(ː)s- |
|
|
| clearing or meadow |
|
|
*ƛ’is(i)naːkʷ
|
| snow goose |
|
|
*ƛ’ist’aχ/ƛ’istaχ
|
| widow |
|
|
*ƛ’itw̍a(ckʷiː)
|
| store away |
|
|
*ƛ’it’uqʷ-
|
| roll or tumble in a mass |
|
*ƛ’ix- |
|
| laugh |
|
|
*ƛ’iːxʷ-
|
| red or bright |
*ƛ’i(ː)χ- |
|
|
| woodpecker |
|
|
*ƛ’iχma
|
| skinny |
|
|
*ƛ’iχuq
|
| explode or crackle |
|
|
*ƛ’iƛq-
|
| turtle |
|
|
*ƛ’iƛ’i(ː)kaq’an(i)
|
| marten |
|
|
*ƛ’iƛ’iːχiy̍(uːχ)
|
| scallops |
|
|
*ƛ’iːʔuq’ʷat-/ƛ’iːyaq’ʷat
|
| bulky object |
|
*ƛ’k- |
|
| kelp |
|
*ƛ’kʷ- |
|
| forget |
|
*ƛ’l(i)- |
|
| lose one’s voice |
|
*ƛ’mɬ- |
|
| crackle or spark |
|
*ƛ’m(ʔ)s- |
|
| bog cranberry |
|
*ƛ’m(ʔ)sda(ʔ)ic’ |
|
| look through comer of eyes |
|
*ƛ’s- |
|
| large mussel |
|
|
*ƛ’uč’am(a)
|
| touch or press palm against |
*ƛ’ul- |
|
|
| elk |
*ƛ’uːl-/ƛ’uʔul- |
|
|
| peck or poke |
*ƛ’um(k)- |
|
|
| heartburn |
|
|
*ƛ’umasχuɬ
|
| sweating |
|
|
*ƛ’uːmiːχa/ƛ’upy̍iiha
|
| knot in wood |
*ƛ’unk- |
|
|
| heat up |
*ƛ’u(ː)p-/ƛ’u(ː)m- |
|
|
| go out (tide) |
*ƛ’u(ː)p(s)- |
|
|
| ribs |
|
|
*ƛ’ups(uːc’)
|
| root |
*ƛ’uːp’ak |
|
|
| wide |
|
|
*ƛ’uqʷ-
|
| bald or bare |
|
*ƛ’uqʷ- |
|
| empty or dry |
|
|
*ƛ’uš-
|
| freeze |
|
*ƛ’uχʷ- |
|
| make pounding noise |
|
|
*ƛ’uƛ’umu-
|
| pain or disease |
|
*ƛ’uʔxʷ- |
|
| eat a snack |
|
*ƛ’xʷ- |
|
| indicate one’s guess by pointing |
|
*ƛ’χʷ- |
|
| add grease to cooking |
|
*ʔa- |
|
| poor thing |
*ʔaː(qayi)/q’ayi |
|
|
| this or thus |
*ʔa(χ)- |
|
|
| wedge |
|
|
*ʔač-
|
| pillow |
|
|
*ʔaːčkʷuma
|
| fish eggs |
|
|
*ʔačpaːma
|
| blind |
|
|
*ʔa(ː)čuːɬ
|
| highly valued |
*ʔad- |
|
|
| call or ask for |
*ʔa(ː)daː- |
|
|
| all or every |
|
*ʔag- |
|
| gnaw |
|
|
*ʔakt-
|
| sea lion |
|
|
*ʔakwaːniš/ʔakwan̍iš
|
| vomit |
|
|
*ʔaɬ-
|
| unpack |
|
|
*ʔaɬqʷ-
|
| locative root |
*ʔam-/ʔap- |
|
|
| mother |
*ʔam(a)-/ʔab(a)- |
|
|
| hide |
*ʔam(ta)-/ʔam(na) |
|
|
| point of land |
|
|
*ʔaːmap(i)
|
| small |
*ʔamay |
|
|
| practise craft |
|
*ʔamus- |
|
| notice s.th. (unusual) |
|
*ʔam̍(aɬ)- |
|
| first |
*ʔam̍a/ʔamba(ː) |
|
|
| yesterday or tomorrow |
|
|
*ʔam̍ayu
|
| who |
*ʔan(ga)-/ʔan(gʷa) |
|
|
| so much or how much |
*ʔana- |
|
|
| fire |
*ʔana(kʷ) |
|
|
| coax into doing |
|
*ʔanaɬ- |
|
| goose |
*ʔa(ʔa)naq/hanğa(ː)q |
|
|
| really |
|
|
*ʔaːni
|
| only |
|
|
*ʔaːniːnaχi
|
| aunt or uncle |
*ʔani(ː)s/ʔani(ː)c |
|
|
| firewood |
|
|
*ʔan(a)ksy̍i(ː)/ʔan(a)ksaʔi(ː)
|
| breast or suckle |
|
|
*ʔanma
|
| go or slide sideways |
*ʔans(aː)- |
|
|
| smoulder (as torch) |
*ʔanu(ː)-/n̍u(ː)- |
|
|
| (gather) firewood |
*ʔan(a)y̍aq- |
|
|
| maggoty |
|
*ʔap- |
|
| (go after) abalone |
*ʔap-/q’ap- |
|
|
| carry on shoulders |
|
|
*ʔap-/ʔam-
|
| divided in middle |
|
|
*ʔapχtaːkʷ
|
| appear |
|
*ʔaq- |
|
| gape wide |
*ʔaq- |
|
|
| flock of birds above fish on ocean |
|
|
*ʔas-
|
| fish out at sea |
*ʔaːs-/ʔaːc- |
|
|
| parent and child |
|
|
*ʔasčiχ
|
| nephew or niece |
|
|
*ʔaːsi-
|
| highborn child |
|
|
*ʔasma
|
| whining |
|
|
*ʔaškʷ-
|
| do sloppily |
|
|
*ʔašχ-
|
| strain |
|
*ʔat- |
|
| but or even |
*ʔat(a) |
|
|
| night |
|
|
*ʔatχiː/ʔatχiy
|
| thick |
|
|
*ʔat’a
|
| slow |
|
*ʔawak-/w̍ix- |
|
| eagle |
|
|
*ʔawatiːna
|
| separate or self |
*ʔawgʷ-/ʔu(ː)gʷ- |
|
|
| play |
*ʔawl- |
|
|
| shake |
|
|
*ʔa(ː)xʷ-
|
| foam |
|
*ʔaxʷ- |
|
| many |
|
|
*ʔaya-
|
| pass in front or bend round |
|
*ʔaya-/ʔay(a)wa |
|
| mischievous or tricky |
|
|
*ʔayisaq(χ)-
|
| do quickly |
|
|
*ʔayʔayiš(yaː)
|
| hand |
|
*ʔay̍asu/hay̍asu |
|
| then or next |
*ʔa(ː)ƛ- |
|
|
| away from the open |
|
*ʔaƛ(ala) |
|
| two |
|
|
*ʔaƛa
|
| afterbirth |
|
|
*ʔaƛaʔiː
|
| Wren (in stories) |
|
|
*ʔaːʔapwaːy̍ik
|
| singing a lullaby |
|
|
*ʔaːʔaːsic’ani
|
| earring |
|
|
*ʔaːʔaːyaχim
|
| swallow (bird) |
|
|
*ʔaʔa(ː)ƛ(ʔakƛi)
|
| eyebrow |
|
*ʔaʔin(ix) |
|
| herring eggs |
|
*ʔaʔnt |
|
| (catch) mouse or rat |
|
*ʔaʔska- |
|
| sandhill crane |
|
*ʔ(a)dmgʷli |
|
| keep s.th. raised |
|
*ʔi-/y̍i- |
|
| urinate (woman) |
*ʔi(ʔ)asa |
|
|
| fern |
|
|
*ʔicma(pt)
|
| stump |
|
|
*ʔiːc’uː
|
| expression of negative experience |
*ʔi(y)i |
|
|
| good or rich in flavour |
*ʔi(ː)k-/ʔayk- |
|
|
| spiteful or depressed |
|
|
*ʔikat-
|
| son |
|
|
*ʔi(ː)ki(ː)
|
| above |
*ʔiːk’- |
|
|
| wish or want to |
*ʔin- |
|
|
| a little |
|
|
*ʔiniː(q)
|
| pinch |
|
*ʔip- |
|
| perform magic or healing |
*ʔiːq-/y̍iːq- |
|
|
| evade |
|
*ʔiqʷ- |
|
| remain |
|
*ʔis- |
|
| respect |
|
|
*ʔi(ː)sa-
|
| and |
|
|
*ʔiš
|
| gum |
|
|
*ʔiš(c’i p)
|
| discard |
|
|
*ʔišiƛ
|
| ouch! |
|
|
*ʔiškata(x)/ʔiškina
|
| back or again |
|
*ʔit- |
|
| menstruate |
|
*ʔiχnta |
|
| big |
|
|
*ʔiːχʷ
|
| brother- or sister-in-law |
*ʔiyaː- |
|
|
| talk |
*ʔiyaq(χ)-/y̍aq(χ)- |
|
|
| in view or about to |
*ʔiyax-/y̍ayx(k)- |
|
|
| be at |
|
|
*ʔi(ː)yaχ-
|
| skunk |
|
|
*ʔiʔilaχa(ː)yuːs
|
| blue-grey fish or whale |
|
|
*ʔiʔišp’a(ː)ɬ
|
| understand |
|
*ʔiʔuʔs |
|
| fast or stable |
|
*ʔl- |
|
| tan skin |
|
*ʔlakila |
|
| hunt sea mammals |
|
*ʔlixʷa |
|
| bleed |
|
*ʔlkʷ- |
|
| sea slug |
|
*ʔls-/ʔlc- |
|
| kill |
|
*ʔlx- |
|
| meat or fat |
|
*ʔlz-/ʔls- |
|
| praise or honour |
|
*ʔmiʔaχ(la)- |
|
| stutter |
|
*ʔmqʷ- |
|
| thick, dense |
|
*ʔms- |
|
| sea urchin |
|
*ʔmt-/ʔam̍t- |
|
| ouch! |
|
*ʔ(a)nana |
|
| if |
|
*ʔnaχʷa/ʔχʷa |
|
| spruce tree |
|
*ʔnhʔas/ʔliw̍as |
|
| strip berries or squeeze out |
|
*ʔnq- |
|
| bruised |
|
*ʔnxʷ- |
|
| he or it (referential root) |
*ʔu(ː)-/ʔuːχ |
|
|
| real |
|
*ʔu(ʔ)ala |
|
| by or from |
|
|
*ʔu(ː)ciyakt
|
| best |
|
|
*ʔuːči(ː)maːn
|
| also |
|
*ʔugʷ(a)qa |
|
| urge |
|
|
*ʔuksaːp
|
| shrink |
|
|
*ʔukt-
|
| pity |
|
*ʔukʷ- |
|
| wait (for s.th. to happen) |
|
*ʔul- |
|
| chew |
*ʔulχ- |
|
|
| kind |
|
|
*ʔuːmaːs(a)qƛ/ʔuːmaːc(i)qƛ
|
| owe |
|
|
*ʔuːmina
|
| ease (pain) |
*ʔu(ː)rfi-/ʔu(ː)p- |
|
|
| root of dimensional expressions |
*ʔu(ː)m̍aː |
|
|
| fog |
*ʔunqʷ- |
|
|
| use a wood chisel |
|
*ʔup- |
|
| whisper |
|
*ʔup- |
|
| deaf |
|
|
*ʔupuːɬ
|
| good |
|
|
*ʔuːq-
|
| believe |
*ʔuːqʷ-/ʔuːq’ʷ- |
|
|
| stinging |
|
*ʔuqʷ-/ʔaχʷ- |
|
| flying squirrel |
|
*ʔuqʷani |
|
| child of |
|
|
*ʔuqʷaːs
|
| torso |
|
|
*ʔusi(ː)ti
|
| locative root |
|
|
*ʔust-
|
| somebody or something |
|
|
*ʔuːš
|
| talk |
|
|
*ʔuːšamaːc’a-
|
| difficult |
|
|
*ʔušcuk
|
| terrible or turbulent |
|
|
*ʔuːšmaqakʷ
|
| trouble |
|
|
*ʔuːšmis
|
| shaman |
|
|
*ʔuːštaqyu
|
| useful |
|
|
*ʔuːšy̍akʷ-
|
| poison |
|
|
*ʔušʔiːɬ
|
| pierce or prick |
|
*ʔut- |
|
| release or be free |
|
*ʔu(ʔ)uχʷa |
|
| step parent or child |
|
|
*ʔuwa-
|
| father |
*ʔu(ː)w̍(i)-/ʔaw̍(i)- |
|
|
| news |
|
|
*ʔuyaqχ(mis)
|
| when |
|
|
*ʔuyi
|
| give or have trouble |
*ʔuːza- |
|
|
| resulting from |
|
|
*ʔuʔiːχa
|
| often or all the time |
|
|
*ʔuʔuč(ʔi)
|
| blame |
|
|
*ʔuʔu(ː)kʷiːɬ
|
| first |
|
|
*ʔuʔuɬta/ʔλʔiɬta
|
| enough or just right |
|
|
*ʔuʔumaχi
|
| efficient worker |
|
|
*ʔu(ː)ʔu(ː)šcam
|
| hunt whale |
|
|
*ʔuʔuːtaχ-
|
| devil’s club (fatsia) |
|
*ʔwiq-/ʔiχʷ- |
|
| supernatural or loathsome creature |
|
*ʔzi(q’) |
|
| break or snap |
|
*ʔƛ- |
|