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The following word list of Tadaksahak is from Christiansen-Bolli (2010). Tadaksahak is a Songhay language spoken by nomads in Niger.
Abbreviations
| adj. |
adjective
|
| adv. |
adverb
|
| conj. |
conjunction
|
| ind. |
independent (pronoun)
|
| n. |
noun
|
| npl. |
noun only found in plural
|
| num. |
number
|
| pl. |
plural
|
| postp. |
postposition
|
| prep. |
preposition
|
| pron. |
pronoun
|
| vi. |
intransitive verb
|
| vt. |
transitive verb
|
List
| Gloss |
Part of speech |
Tadaksahak
|
| able, to be |
vt. |
báy
|
| alive, to be |
vi. |
yiddár
|
| all |
quantifier |
káamil
|
| among |
postp. |
ka
|
| amuse oneself, to |
vi. |
hór
|
| ancestor (paternal) |
n. |
baabá
|
| and (between noun phrases) |
prep. |
ǝnda
|
| animal |
n. |
a-múudǝr
|
| approach, to |
vt. |
mán
|
| arm / hand |
n. |
kambá
|
| ashes |
n. |
booʃí
|
| at (somebody's) |
postp. |
daw
|
| back (body part) |
n. |
a-rúuru
|
| bad |
adj. |
agar
|
| bad, to be |
vi. |
yibrár
|
| bark |
n. |
barjí
|
| battery |
n. |
ṭóndi
|
| because |
conj. |
igdá ~ iddá ~ íd
|
| before somebody |
noun phrase. |
mo ka.
|
| beginning |
n. |
baŋgú
|
| belly |
n. |
guŋgú
|
| big, to be |
vi. |
bêr
|
| big, to make |
vt. |
bêr
|
| bird (general) |
n. |
cíidaw
|
| bite (animal), to |
vt. |
ŋá
|
| bite, to |
vt. |
ṇám
|
| black |
adj. |
bíibi
|
| black (color) |
n. |
bíibi
|
| black, to be |
vi. |
bíibi
|
| blacken, to |
vt. |
bíibi
|
| blood |
npl. |
kud-én
|
| blow (wind), to |
vi. |
fúr
|
| bone (general) |
n. |
biidí
|
| breathe, to |
vi. |
ʃ-ǝ́nfǝʃ
|
| burn, to |
vt. |
kurú-kuru
|
| burned, to be |
vi. |
kurú-kuru
|
| carve (wooden spoon), to |
vt. |
kár
|
| child |
n. |
báarar
|
| cloud |
npl. |
nuun-én
|
| cold (weather) |
n. |
fufú
|
| come, to |
vi. |
kóy-kat
|
| count, to |
vt. |
ʃ-iḍǝn
|
| counting |
n. |
ʃ-iḍǝn
|
| country |
n. |
gánda
|
| cut, to |
vt. |
dumbú
|
| cut, to |
vt. |
kós
|
| cut, to be |
vi. |
kós
|
| cutting |
n. |
kós
|
| day |
n. |
zaɣrí
|
| dead, to be |
vi. |
bún
|
| death |
n. |
bún
|
| deep, to be |
vi. |
kukú
|
| deepen, to |
vt. |
kukú
|
| die, to |
vi. |
bún
|
| dig, to |
vt. |
fás
|
| digging |
n. |
fás
|
| dirt (excrement) |
n. |
lés
|
| dirty, to be |
vi. |
lés
|
| dirty, to be |
vi. |
ʒíibit
|
| dirty, to make |
vt. |
lés
|
| distance from, to |
vt. |
mór
|
| dive, to |
vi. |
yíʃǝf
|
| dog (general) |
n. |
hánʃi
|
| dream |
n. |
keení ŋ guná
|
| drink, to |
vt. |
nín
|
| dry, to be |
vi. |
qóq
|
| dug, to be |
vi. |
fás
|
| dull (knife), to be |
vi. |
bún
|
| dust |
n. |
a-báaleq
|
| ear |
n. |
haŋgá
|
| earth |
n. |
gánda
|
| eat, to |
vt. |
ŋá
|
| eating |
n. |
ŋá
|
| egg |
n. |
t-áa-fult
|
| end |
n. |
bún
|
| end |
n. |
míya
|
| exhausted (battery), to be |
vi. |
bún
|
| extinguish (fire, light), to |
vt. |
wí
|
| eye |
n. |
mó
|
| face |
n. |
mó
|
| fall (rain), to |
vi. |
kár
|
| fall, to |
vi. |
káŋ
|
| familiar with, to be |
vt. |
báy
|
| far away, to be |
vi. |
mór
|
| fat (on meat) |
n. |
maaní
|
| fat, to make |
vt. |
ṇás
|
| father |
n. |
baabá
|
| fear |
n. |
hambará
|
| fear, to |
vt. |
hambará
|
| feather |
n. |
áfraw
|
| fiber (plant) |
n. |
barjí
|
| fight, to |
vi. |
zóɣ
|
| fire |
n. |
huurú
|
| (fire)wood |
n. |
tugúdu
|
| fish |
n. |
a-mánana
|
| five |
num. |
ʃammúʃ
|
| flow, to |
vi. |
dudú
|
| fly, to |
vi. |
ṣót
|
| foot / leg |
n. |
cáy
|
| four |
num. |
akkóz
|
| from |
postp. |
ka
|
| fruit |
n. |
ízzay
|
| fur |
npl. |
haab-én
|
| game (play) |
n. |
hór
|
| give, to |
vt. |
ná
|
| giving |
n. |
ná
|
| good |
adj. |
giŋ-gimán
|
| grandmother |
n. |
nana béeri
|
| grandfather |
n. |
baba béeri
|
| grass (green) |
n. |
yél
|
| green (grass), to be |
vi. |
ṭay
|
| green solution |
n. |
garúura
|
| ground |
n. |
gánda
|
| guts |
npl. |
áadan-an
|
| hair |
npl. |
haab-én
|
| hand / arm |
n. |
kambá
|
| head |
n. |
baŋgú
|
| hear (news), to |
vt. |
mó
|
| hear (noise), to |
vi. |
mó
|
| heart |
n. |
wǝ́l
|
| heat |
n. |
korrá
|
| heavy, to be (T) |
vi. |
tíŋ
|
| heavy, to be |
vi. |
yiltág
|
| here |
n. |
néeda
|
| he/she/it |
ind. pron. |
áŋga
|
| hit, to |
vt. |
kár
|
| hold, to |
vt. |
yíddǝr
|
| hot, to be (warm) |
vi. |
korrá
|
| hot, to make |
vt. |
korrá
|
| how? |
question phrase. |
man ǝ́mmǝk aɣó ǝnda
|
| hunt (game), to |
vi. |
gimár
|
| husband |
n. |
aarú
|
| I |
ind. pron. |
aɣay
|
| if/when |
clause initial particle |
ǝnda
|
| if (hypothetical) |
conj. |
ǝndár
|
| if/when |
conj. |
ǝs-kábahar
|
| important, to be |
vi. |
bêr
|
| impure (religiously), to be |
vi. |
lés
|
| impure (religiously), to be in |
postp. |
ka
|
| jackal |
n. |
a-bíji
|
| jackal |
n. |
intáynawt
|
| jackal |
n. |
mó céena
|
| jump (n) |
n. |
ṣót
|
| jump over, to |
vt. |
ṣót
|
| kill (animal), to |
vt. |
dumbú
|
| kill, to |
vt. |
wí
|
| killing |
n. |
wí
|
| know, to |
vt. |
báy
|
| laid down, to be |
vi. |
keení
|
| lake |
n. |
a-ɣázar
|
| land |
n. |
gánda
|
| laugh, to |
vi. |
górgor
|
| laughter |
n. |
górgor
|
| leaf |
n. |
áa-la
|
| lean, to be |
vi. |
yilbák
|
| leather |
n. |
kuurú
|
| leave a rest, to |
vi. |
cindí
|
| leave for, to |
vt. |
kóy
|
| left (side) |
n. |
zálgat
|
| leg / foot |
n. |
cáy
|
| length |
n. |
kukú
|
| lie on side, to |
vi. |
yíniʃtaga
|
| lion |
n. |
tárra nn ízzay
|
| lion |
n. |
áa-har
|
| live, to |
vi. |
yiddár
|
| liver |
n. |
taaʃá
|
| long, to be |
vi. |
kukú
|
| louse (head) |
n. |
geení
|
| male |
n. |
aarú
|
| man |
n. |
aarú
|
| measure |
n. |
míya
|
| meat |
n. |
háamu
|
| month |
n. |
a-yyár
|
| moon |
n. |
a-yyár
|
| mosquito |
n. |
míya kukú
|
| mosquito |
n. |
t-aa-dás-t
|
| mother |
n. |
naaná
|
| mouth |
n. |
míya
|
| name |
n. |
mân
|
| narrow, to be |
vi. |
karrós
|
| near to, to be |
vi. |
mán
|
| neck |
n. |
jinjí
|
| new, to be |
vi. |
yaynáy
|
| nice |
adj. |
giŋ-gimán
|
| night |
n. |
cijí
|
| nose |
npl. |
t-í-nʒar
|
| nostrils |
npl. |
t-í-nʒar
|
| numerous, to be |
vi. |
babó
|
| numerous, to make |
vt. |
babó
|
| odor |
n. |
mammaní
|
| old, to be |
vi. |
ʒén
|
| old, to make |
vt. |
ʒén
|
| older sibling |
n. |
bêr
|
| one |
n. |
a-ffóoda
|
| one |
num. |
fóoda
|
| opening |
n. |
míya
|
| peak (bird) |
n. |
míya
|
| person |
n. |
borá
|
| play (football), to |
vt. |
kár
|
| play (instrument), to |
vt. |
kár
|
| play, to |
vi. |
hór
|
| pond (temporary) |
n. |
a-ɣázar
|
| pour, to |
vt. |
dudú
|
| pull something heavy, to |
vt. |
húbut
|
| pull, to |
vt. |
yírkǝb
|
| push something/somebody, to |
vt. |
yíntǝg ~ yíntaɣ
|
| red |
adj. |
cidáy
|
| red, to be |
vi. |
cidáy
|
| rest |
n. |
cindí
|
| right (side) |
n. |
áaɣil
|
| rise (sun), to |
vi. |
fúr
|
| river (Niger) |
n. |
a-jǝráw
|
| road |
n. |
t-a-dáqat-t
|
| root (plant) |
n. |
ée-caw
|
| rope (general) |
n. |
karfú
|
| rot, to make |
vt. |
fumbú
|
| rotten, to be |
vi. |
fumbú
|
| salt |
n. |
ciidí
|
| sand |
n. |
t-a-záazul-t
|
| say, to |
vt. |
cí
|
| scratch, to |
vt. |
z-ǝ́kmǝz
|
| scratch, to |
vi. |
kúkkuʒ-it
|
| see, to |
vt. |
guná
|
| seed |
n. |
áaḍǝm
|
| sew, to |
vt. |
ṭaatab
|
| sewing |
n. |
ṭaatab
|
| sharp (knife), to be |
vi. |
yiwál
|
| short, to be |
vi. |
gazúl
|
| sight |
n. |
guná
|
| sing, to |
idiom |
d(a) á-ṣṣak
|
| sit, to |
vi. |
goorá
|
| sitting |
n. |
goorá
|
| skin |
n. |
kuurú
|
| sky |
npl. |
i-ʒínn-an
|
| sleep |
n. |
keení
|
| sleep, to |
vi. |
keení
|
| small size |
n. |
ceená
|
| small, to be |
vi. |
ceená
|
| small, to make |
vt. |
ceená
|
| smell something, to |
idiom |
mammaní kár borá
|
| smoke |
npl. |
nuun-én
|
| smooth, to be |
vi. |
sǝlál
|
| snake (general) |
n. |
gónʃi
|
| snake, sp |
n. |
gánda ŋ karfú
|
| sneeze, to |
vi. |
tínʒit
|
| some |
n. |
cindí
|
| (some)thing |
n. |
hé
|
| son |
n. |
ízzay
|
| spit, to |
vi. |
s-ǝ́ṭǝf
|
| split (wood), to |
vt. |
yífṭǝk
|
| stand up, to |
idiom |
káy béena
|
| stay, to |
vi. |
goorá
|
| stepfather |
n. |
babá fumbú
|
| stepmother |
n. |
naná fumbú
|
| stick something into, to |
vt. |
yírẓi
|
| stick (wooden) |
n. |
bundú
|
| stone |
n. |
ṭóndi
|
| stony elevation |
n. |
ṭóndi
|
| stop, to |
vi. |
káy
|
| straight, to be |
vi. |
yáʕad
|
| suck, to |
vt. |
sǝ́mǝm
|
| sun |
n. |
wayní
|
| swim, to |
vi. |
yíʃǝf
|
| swollen, to be |
vi. |
hǝ́ḍǝdi
|
| tail |
n. |
t-a-lánkaw-t
|
| tall, to be |
idiom |
may kay
|
| tall, to be |
vi. |
kukú
|
| tea (leaves) |
n. |
áa-la
|
| tether, to |
vt. |
háw
|
| tethered, to be |
vi. |
háw
|
| that (one) |
dem. |
(a)sénda
|
| them |
pron. |
íŋgi
|
| there |
adv. |
sénda
|
| they |
ind. pron. |
íŋgi
|
| thin (person/livestock), to be |
vi. |
yilbák
|
| thin, to be |
vi. |
ʃadíd
|
| think (that) |
vi. |
yordá
|
| this |
dem. |
óoda
|
| this |
dem. |
áyda
|
| three |
num. |
kaaráḍ
|
| throw, to |
vt. |
fúr
|
| tie, to |
vt. |
háw
|
| to |
postp. |
ka
|
| tongue |
n. |
íilǝs
|
| tooth |
n. |
ée-ʃan
|
| towards locative |
prep. |
ǝnda
|
| towards |
postp. |
kámba
|
| trample on something, to |
idiom |
káy he ka
|
| tree (general) |
n. |
tugúdu
|
| true, to be |
vi. |
dǝ́ttǝt
|
| turn off (radio, TV), to |
vt. |
wí
|
| turn, to |
vt. |
yístaɣ
|
| twine (rope), to |
vt. |
kár
|
| two |
num. |
hiŋká
|
| tying |
n. |
háw
|
| ugly, to be |
vi. |
yibrár
|
| upright, to be |
vi. |
káy
|
| upright, being |
n. |
káy
|
| use (money) fraudulently, to |
vt. |
ŋá
|
| vomit, to |
vi. |
yéeri
|
| vomiting |
n. |
yéeri
|
| walk |
n. |
didá
|
| walk, to |
vi. |
didá
|
| want, to |
v. |
cí
|
| warn (from danger), to |
vt. |
kár
|
| wash, to |
vt. |
hímay
|
| washed, to be |
vi. |
hímay
|
| washing |
n. |
hímay
|
| water |
npl. |
aryén
|
| we |
ind. pron. |
áari
|
| well fed, to be |
vi. |
ṇás
|
| wet, to be |
vi. |
ṭay
|
| wet, to make |
vt. |
ṭay
|
| wetness |
n. |
ṭay
|
| what is it? |
interrogative phrase. |
ci ná-a
|
| when? |
interrogative phrase. |
c(i) agúd
|
| where? (+action) |
interrogative phrase. |
mán n(e)
|
| where? (+noun) interrogative |
adv. |
maaná
|
| white |
adj. |
kóoray
|
| white (color) |
n. |
kóoray
|
| white, to be |
vi. |
kóoray
|
| who?/what? |
interrogative pron. |
ci
|
| why? |
interrogative phrase. |
ci ná hó be
|
| wide, to be |
vi. |
yilwá
|
| wife |
n. |
surgóy
|
| wind |
n. |
héw
|
| wing |
n. |
áfraw
|
| wipe out, to |
vt. |
tús
|
| wiped out, to be |
vi. |
tús
|
| wiping out |
n. |
tús
|
| with (company) comitative |
prep. |
ǝnda
|
| with (instrument) (instrumental) |
prep. |
ǝnda
|
| withhold something, to |
idiom |
káy he be
|
| woman |
n. |
surgóy
|
| year |
n. |
a-wátay
|
| yellow, to be |
vi. |
yaráɣ
|
| you (pl) |
ind. pron. |
ándi
|
| you (sg) |
ind. pron. |
nín
|
| young one |
n. |
ízzay
|
References
- Christiansen-Bolli, Regula. 2010. A Grammar of Tadaksahak: a Northern Songhay Language of Mali. Leiden.