Appendix:Tagalog numbers

Tagalog used two sets of cardinal numerals, one based on Austronesian roots and another borrowed from Spanish. Native numerals are usually used in counting most objects, while numerals from Spanish are usually used in counting money (generally over 2 up to 99), and telling time and age.

Ordinals are generally formed with ika- or pang-; some exceptions being una, ikalawa, and ikatlo, which are inherited from early Proto-Malayo-Polynesian. Such even influence spellings of other ordinals, e.g. ikatlumpû (“thirteenth”).

Cardinal numbers are followed by the enclitics na, -ng or -g depending on the word ending.

• anim na beses (six times)
• tatlong sako ng bigas (three sacks of rice)
• limang milyong piso (five million pesos)

Numerals in Tagalog text are generally written using English conventions: commas for separating thousands, and periods for decimals.

• half : kalahati
• third: katlo
• quarter: kapat
• fifth: kalima
• 1/3 : sangkatlo
• 1/4 : sangkapat
• 2/5 : dalawang kalima

• 0.5 (five tenths) - salapi, lima hinati sa sampu
• 0.001 (one thousandth) - isa hinati sa isa
• 1.25 (one point twenty-five) - isa't dalawampu't-limang hinati sa sandaan or uno punto beynte-singko

Percentages can be said using either Spanish-derived or native numerals, along with porsiyento or bahagdan (the former term being more common).

Date and time can be expressed in Tagalog using native or Spanish-derived numerals, but Spanish-derived numerals are more commonly used.

Times are usually written in 12-hour format, with ng umaga (abbr. n.u.), ng hapon (abbr. n.h.), and ng gabi (abbr. n.g.) appended. Ng tanghali (abbr. n.t.) and ng hatinggabi are always used with times from 12:01 to 12:59; 12:00 may be just denoted as tanghali or hatinggabi. Ng madaling-araw may be used in place of ng umaga with times from 12:00 to 5:59 AM. Clock times may be spoken with Spanish numerals or native ordinals, the former being more common.

• 1:00 - ala-una, ikaisa
• 2:00 - alas-dos, ikalawa
• 3:00 - alas-tres, ikatlo
• 4:00 - alas-kuwatro, ikaapat
• 5:00 - alas-singko, ikalima
• 6:00 - alas-seis, ikaanim
• 7:00 - alas-siyete, ikapito
• 8:00 - alas-otso, ikasiyam
• 9:00 - alas-nuwebe, ikasiyam
• 10:00 - alas-diyes, ikasampu
• 11:00 - alas-onse, ikalabing-isa
• 12:00 - alas-dose, ikalabindalawa

Half hours are expressed using kalahati makalipas ng or y medya, e.g. alas-dos y medya or kalahati makalipas ng alas-dos (2:30, half past two). Time before a certain hour may be expressed using bago mag-, or para, and menos (optionally, if a Spanish numeral is used for the time before the hour) e.g. (menos) kinse para ala-una or labinlima bago mag-ala-una (12:45, a quarter to one).

Dates are usually in day-month-year format and can be said using either native or Spanish-derived numerals (the latter being most preferred).

• 1 Enero 1985
  • using Spanish-derived numerals: Primero ng Enero, anyo mil nobesiyentos otsenta y singko
  • using native numerals: Ikaisa ng Enero, taong isang libo siyam na raan walumpu't lima.
• 9 Abril 2010
  • using Spanish-derived numerals: A-nuwebe/Nobeno ng Abril, anyo dos mil diyes
  • using native numerals: Ikasiyam ng Abril, taong dalawanlibo't sampu.

Sometimes, month-day-year is used.

• Enero 1, 1985
  • using Spanish-derived numerals: Enero a-uno/primero, anyo mil nobesiyentos otsenta y singko
  • using native numerals: Enero ikaisa, taong isang libo siyam na raan walumpu't lima.
• Abril 9, 2010
  • using Spanish-derived numerals: Abril a-nuwebe/nobeno, anyo dos mil diyes
  • using native numerals: Abril ikasiyam, taong dalawanlibo't sampu.

Names of centuries and decades usually use ordinals (e.g. ikalawampung siglo). Names of decades between around the 1910s to the 1990s, however, generally are borrowed from Spanish (e.g. dekada sesenta, dekada nobenta).

Time reckoning generally use native numerals, for example:

• dalawang dekada - two decades
• tatlong taon - three years
• apat na oras - four hours
• limang minuto - five minutes
• tatlumpung segundo - thirty seconds

There are two ways of reckoning age (edad, gulang, tanda) in Tagalog:

• using native numerals: isang taon, dalawang taon, tatlong taon
• using Spanish-derived numerals: uno anyos, dos anyos, tres anyos