Appendix:Tigrinya Swadesh list

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This is a Swadesh list of words in Tigrinya, compared with definitions in English.

Presentation

For further information, read the article: Swadesh list

The Swadesh word list, developed by the linguist Morris Swadesh, is used as a tool to study the evolution of languages. It contains a set of basic words which can be found in every language. Various versions have been created, in particular:

  • a complete 207 words version, in which some of the words are not found in every environment (it contains for instance snake and snow)
  • a reduced 100 words version.

This word list should not be considered as an elementary lexicon to communicate with speakers of a given language; for such a purpose, the numerous existing Wikivoyage lexicons are more useful. Its only objective is to give a rough idea of the language, by showing its lexical and, when possible, phonetics basis.

List

No. English Tigrinya
təgrəñña
1 I ኣነ (ʾanä)
2 you (singular) ንስኻ (nəsxa) (m.), ንስኺ (nəsxi) (f.), ኣታ (ʾata) (m. voc.), ኣቲ (ʾati) (f. voc.)
3 he, she, it ንሱ (nəsu)
4 we ንሕና (nəḥna)
5 you (plural)
6 they
7 this
8 that
9 here
10 there
11 who መን (män)
12 what እንታይ (ʾəntay)
13 where ኣበይ (ʾabäy)
14 when
15 how ከመይ (kämäy)
16 not
17 all ኩሉ (kulu)
18 many
19 some
20 few
21 other
22 one ሓደ (ḥadä) (m.), ሓንቲ (ḥanti) (f.)
23 two ክልተ (kəltä)
24 three ሰለስተ (sälästä)
25 four ኣርባዕተ (ʾarbaʿtä)
26 five ሓሙሽተ (ḥamuštä)
27 big
28 long
29 wide
30 thick
31 heavy
32 small
33 short
34 narrow
35 thin
36 woman
37 man (adult male)
38 man (human being)
39 child
40 wife
41 husband
42 mother ኣደ (ʾadä), እኖ (ʾəno)
43 father ኣቦ (ʾabo)
44 animal
45 fish ዓሳ (ʿasa)
46 bird
47 dog ከልቢ (kälbi)
48 louse
49 snake
50 worm
51 tree
52 forest
53 stick
54 fruit
55 seed
56 leaf
57 root
58 bark (of a tree)
59 flower ፍዮሪ (fəyori)
60 grass
61 rope
62 skin
63 meat
64 blood
65 bone
66 fat (noun)
67 egg
68 horn
69 tail
70 feather
71 hair
72 head ርእሲ (rəʾsi)
73 ear እዝኒ (ʾəzni)
74 eye ዓይኒ (ʿayni)
75 nose ኣፍንጫ (ʾafnəč̣a)
76 mouth ኣፍ (ʾaf)
77 tooth ስኒ (səni)
78 tongue (organ)
79 fingernail
80 foot እግሪ (ʾəgri)
81 leg
82 knee
83 hand ኢድ (ʾid)
84 wing
85 belly
86 guts
87 neck
88 back
89 breast
90 heart ልቢ (ləbi)
91 liver
92 to drink
93 to eat
94 to bite
95 to suck
96 to spit
97 to vomit
98 to blow
99 to breathe
100 to laugh
101 to see
102 to hear
103 to know
104 to think
105 to smell
106 to fear
107 to sleep
108 to live
109 to die
110 to kill
111 to fight
112 to hunt
113 to hit
114 to cut
115 to split
116 to stab
117 to scratch
118 to dig
119 to swim
120 to fly
121 to walk
122 to come
123 to lie (as in a bed)
124 to sit
125 to stand
126 to turn (intransitive)
127 to fall
128 to give
129 to hold
130 to squeeze
131 to rub
132 to wash
133 to wipe
134 to pull
135 to push
136 to throw
137 to tie
138 to sew
139 to count
140 to say
141 to sing
142 to play
143 to float
144 to flow
145 to freeze
146 to swell
147 sun
148 moon
149 star
150 water
151 rain
152 river
153 lake
154 sea
155 salt
156 stone
157 sand
158 dust
159 earth
160 cloud
161 fog
162 sky
163 wind
164 snow
165 ice
166 smoke
167 fire
168 ash
169 to burn
170 road
171 mountain
172 red
173 green
174 yellow
175 white
176 black
177 night
178 day
179 year
180 warm
181 cold
182 full
183 new
184 old
185 good
186 bad
187 rotten
188 dirty
189 straight
190 round
191 sharp (as a knife)
192 dull (as a knife)
193 smooth
194 wet
195 dry
196 correct
197 near
198 far
199 right
200 left
201 at
202 in
203 with
204 and
205 if
206 because
207 name

See also

Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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