Reconstruction:Old Persian/hammārakarah
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This Old Persian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Old Persian
Etymology
- From Proto-Iranian *ham- + a form of *mar-, which is a later form of the root *hmar- (“think of”), + *kara- (“to do”) (then it would be reconstructed as *hammārakara- or *hamārakara-). The constituents go back to Proto-Indo-European *sem-, *(s)mer- (compare Sanskrit स्मरति (smárati, “to remember”)) and *kʷer- respectively.
- From the root *hmar- without prefixation + *kara- (“to do”) (then it would be reconstructed as *hmārakara-).
The initial 𐭀 (ʾ) in Parthian 𐭀𐭇𐭌𐭓𐭊𐭓 (ʾḥmrkr) does not contradict the first theory: compare 𐭀𐭇𐭌𐭕𐭍 (ʾḥmtn), which corresponds to Old Persian 𐏃𐎥𐎶𐎫𐎠𐎴 (h-g-m-t-a-n /Ha(n)gmatāna-/, “Ecbatana”).
The presence of -mm- in Akkadian (Late Babylonian) forms strengthens the first theory.
Akin to Bactrian υαμαρογαρο (uamarogaro). Note also Old Armenian համար (hamar).
Noun
*hammārakarah
Descendants
- Middle Persian: 𐭧𐭬𐭠𐭫𐭪𐭫𐭩 (ḥmʾlkly /hammārgar/), 𐭠𐭬𐭠𐭫𐭪𐭫𐭩 (ʾmʾlkly /āmārgar/, “chief fiscal officer”)
- Persian: آمارگر (âmârgar)
- → Akkadian:
- → Aramaic:
- Judeo-Aramaic: אמרכלא (ʾămarkəlā), אמרכול (ʾămarkōl) (via Middle Iranian)
- Imperial Aramaic: 𐡄𐡌𐡓𐡊𐡓𐡀 (hmrkrʾ)
- → Armenian:
- → Old Armenian: համարակար (hamarakar) (possibly via Middle Iranian) (see there for further descendants)
- → Gandhari: 𐨨𐨪𐨬𐨪 (maravara, “accountant”) (or from a similar etymon)
- → Hebrew: אֲמַרְכָּל (ʾămarkāl), אֲמַרְכּוֹל (ʾămarkōl) (via Middle Iranian)
- → Parthian: 𐭀𐭇𐭌𐭓𐭊𐭓 (ʾḥmrkr), 𐭀𐭄𐭌𐭓𐭊𐭓 (ʾhmrkr)
- → Classical Syriac: ܐܗܡܪܐܓܪ (ʾhmrʾgr)
References
- “hmrkr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “համարակար”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
- David Neil MacKenzie, "ĀMĀRGAR, i. Etymology" in Encyclopædia Iranica, December 15, 1989
- Tavernier, Jan (2007) Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 42
- Muhammad A. Dandamayev, "HAMĀRAKARA" in Encyclopædia Iranica, December 15, 2003