Reconstruction:Proto-Cariban/pana

This Proto-Cariban entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

*pana (possessed *panarɨ)

1. ear

• Guianan:
  • Apalaí: pana
  • Kari'na: pana
  • Proto-Taranoan: *pana
    • Akurio: pana
    • Carijona: hana
    • Trió: pana
  • Wayana: pana
• Kuikuroan:
  • Kuikúro: hanga
• Parukotoan:
  • Hixkaryana: hana
  • Kaxuyana: hana
  • Waiwai: pana
• Pekodian:
  • Bakairí: wanta
  • Ikpeng: wana
  • Pará Arára: pana
• Venezuelan Cariban:
  • Mapoyan:
    • Mapoyo: pana
    • Yabarana: pana
  • Panare: pana
  • Pemongan:
    • Akawaio: pana
    • Macushi: pana
    • Pemon: pana
  • ⇒ Yao (South America): pannaëe
• Waimiri-Atroari: pana
• Ye'kwana: jana
• Yukpan:
  • Yukpa: pana

• Gildea, Spike, Doris Payne (2007) “Is Greenberg’s ‘Macro-Carib’ viable?”, in Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi: Ciências Humanas, volume 2, number 2, Belém, pages 19–72
• Meira, Sérgio, Bruna Franchetto (2005) “The southern Cariban languages and the Cariban family”, in International Journal of American Linguistics, volume 71, pages 127–192
• Florian Matter, editor (2021), “*pana”, in Comparative Cariban Database‎, Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, retrieved 2024-02-14
• Meira, Sérgio (1998) A Reconstruction of Proto-Taranoan: Phonology and Inflectional Morphology‎, Houston: Rice University, page 169
• Courtz, Hendrik (2008) A Carib grammar and dictionary‎, Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, page 335
• Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “jana”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎, Lyon