Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸalnati

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 This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From a nasal-infix present *pl̥néh₂ti ~ pl̥nh₂énti, from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- (“to approach”). Cognate with Latin pellō (“to drive”).[1]

Verb

*ɸalnati

  1. to approach
  2. to drive

Inflection

Athematic present, suffixless preterite
Active voice
Present Imperfect Future Preterite
1st singular *ɸalnami *ɸalnamam *ɸiblāsū ?
2nd singular *ɸalnasi *ɸalnatās *ɸiblāsesi ?
3rd singular *ɸalnati *ɸalnato *ɸiblāseti ?
1st plural *ɸalnamosi *ɸalnamo *ɸiblāsomosi ?
2nd plural *ɸalnatesi *ɸalnastē *ɸiblāsetesi ?
3rd plural *ɸalnanti *ɸalnanto *ɸiblāsonti ?
Pres. subjunctive Past subjunctive Imperative
1st singular *ɸelū ? —
2nd singular *ɸelesi ? *ɸalna
3rd singular *ɸeleti ? *ɸalnatou
1st plural *ɸelomosi ? *ɸalnamos
2nd plural *ɸeletesi ? *ɸalnate
3rd plural *ɸelonti ? *ɸalnantou
Passive voice
Present Imperfect Future Preterite
1st singular *ɸalnar — *ɸiblāsūr ?
2nd singular *ɸalnatar — *ɸiblāsetar ?
3rd singular *ɸalnator ? *ɸiblāsetor ?
1st plural *ɸalnammor — *ɸiblāsommor ?
2nd plural *ɸalnadwe — *ɸiblāsedwe ?
3rd plural *ɸalnantor ? *ɸiblāsontor ?
Pres. subjunctive Past subjunctive Imperative
1st singular *ɸelūr — —
2nd singular *ɸeletar — —
3rd singular *ɸeletor — —
1st plural *ɸelommor — —
2nd plural *ɸeledwe — —
3rd plural *ɸelontor — —
Declension of the past participle
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *ɸlatos *ɸlatou *ɸlatoi
vocative *ɸlate *ɸlatou *ɸlatoi
accusative *ɸlatom *ɸlatou *ɸlatoms
genitive *ɸlatī *ɸlatous *ɸlatom
dative *ɸlatūi *ɸlatobom *ɸlatobos
instrumental *ɸlatū *ɸlatobim *ɸlatobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *ɸlatā *ɸlatai *ɸlatās
vocative *ɸlatā *ɸlatai *ɸlatās
accusative *ɸlatam *ɸlatai *ɸlatams
genitive *ɸlatās *ɸlatous *ɸlatom
dative *ɸlatai *ɸlatābom *ɸlatābos
instrumental *? *ɸlatābim *ɸlatābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *ɸlatom *ɸlatou *ɸlatā
vocative *ɸlatom *ɸlatou *ɸlatā
accusative *ɸlatom *ɸlatou *ɸlatā
genitive *ɸlatī *ɸlatous *ɸlatom
dative *ɸlatūi *ɸlatobom *ɸlatobos
instrumental *ɸlatū *ɸlatobim *ɸlatobis

Derived terms

  • *ad-ɸalnati
    • Old Irish: ad·ella
    • Celtiberian: alatai (past part. dat./loc. sg.) (if Prósper's reading is adopted)[2]

Descendants

This verb ended up supplying the future tense forms of *ageti (“to drive”) in Insular Celtic and *aleti (“to nourish”) in Goidelic, and was generally lost otherwise.

  • Proto-Brythonic:
    • Cornish: ylliv (among other inflected forms of mos (“to go”))
    • Welsh: elwyf (among other literary inflected forms of mynd (“to go”))
  • Old Irish: ·ella (lost outside of compounds)

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*fal-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 121
  2. ^ Prósper, Blanca María (2011) “The Hispano-Celtic Divinity ILVRBEDA, Gold Mining in Western Hispania and the Syntactic Context of Celtiberian arkatobezom ‘Silver Mine’”, in Die Sprache, volume 49, number 1, page 70
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