Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/duwo

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 This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ due to Lindeman’s Law.

Numeral

Proto-Celtic cardinal numbers
 <  1 2 3  > 
    Cardinal : *duwo
    Ordinal : *alyos

*duwo m or n (feminine *dwei)

  1. two

Inflection

Irregular numeral
masculine singular dual plural
nominative — *duwo —
vocative — *duwo —
accusative — *duwo —
genitive — *duwo —
dative — *duwo —
instrumental — *duwo —
feminine singular dual plural
nominative — *dwei —
vocative — *dwei —
accusative — *dwei —
genitive — *dwiyou —
dative — *dwibom —
instrumental — *dwibim —
neuter singular dual plural
nominative — *duwo —
vocative — *duwo —
accusative — *duwo —
genitive — *dwiyou —
dative — *dwibom —
instrumental — *dwibim —

Descendants

  • Proto-Brythonic: *dow
    • Breton: daou
    • Cornish: dew
    • Welsh: dau
  • Old Irish: dá

References

  • Cowgill, Warren (1985) “PIE *duu̯o ‘2’ in Germanic and Celtic, and the nom.-acc. dual of non-neuter o-stems”, in Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft, volume 46, pages 13–28
  • Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 331
  • Eska, Joseph F. (2018) “Laryngeal Realism and the Prehistory of Celtic”, in Transactions of the Philological Society, volume 116, number 3, →DOI, pages 320–331
  • Kim McCone (1994) “An tSean-Ghaeilge agus a Réamhstair”, in K. McCone, D. McManus, C. Ó Háinle, N. Williams, L. Breatnach, editors, Stair na Gaeilge: in ómós do Pádraig Ó Fiannachta (in Irish), Maynooth: Roinn na Sean-Ghaeilge, Coláiste Phádraig, →ISBN, §35.3, page 202
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