Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gʷereti

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 This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Thematic present from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”).

Verb

*gʷereti

  1. to heat up

Inflection

Thematic present, t-preterite
Active voice
Present Imperfect Future Preterite
1st singular *gʷerū *gʷeremam ? *gʷeram
2nd singular *gʷeresi *gʷeretās ? *gʷers
3rd singular *gʷereti *gʷereto ? *gʷert
1st plural *gʷeromosi *gʷeremo ? *gʷerme
2nd plural *gʷeretesi *gʷerestē ? *gʷerte
3rd plural *gʷeronti *gʷerento ? *gʷerant
Pres. subjunctive Past subjunctive Imperative
1st singular *gʷerasū ? —
2nd singular *gʷerasesi ? *gʷere
3rd singular *gʷeraseti ? *gʷeretou
1st plural *gʷerasomosi ? *gʷeromos
2nd plural *gʷerasetesi ? *gʷerete
3rd plural *gʷerasonti ? *gʷerontou
Passive voice
Present Imperfect Future Preterite
1st singular *gʷerūr — ? ?
2nd singular *gʷeretar — ? ?
3rd singular *gʷeretor ? ? ?
1st plural *gʷerommor — ? ?
2nd plural *gʷeredwe — ? ?
3rd plural *gʷerontor ? ? *gʷeranto
Pres. subjunctive Past subjunctive Imperative
1st singular *gʷerasūr — —
2nd singular *gʷerasetar — —
3rd singular *gʷerasetor — —
1st plural *gʷerasommor — —
2nd plural *gʷerasedwe — —
3rd plural *gʷerasontor — —
Declension of the present participle
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *gʷeronts *gʷeronte *gʷerontes
vocative *gʷeronts *gʷeronte *gʷerontes
accusative *gʷerontam *gʷeronte *gʷerontans
genitive *gʷerantos *? *gʷerantom
dative *gʷerantei *gʷerantbom *gʷerantbos
instrumental *gʷerantī? *gʷerantbim *gʷerantbis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *gʷerantī *gʷerantī *gʷerantiyās
vocative *gʷerantī *gʷerantī *gʷerantiyās
accusative *gʷerantīm *gʷerantī *gʷerantiyans
genitive *gʷerantyās *? *gʷerantyom
dative *gʷerantyāi *gʷerantyābom *gʷerantyābos
instrumental *? *gʷerantyābim *gʷerantyābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *gʷeront *? *gʷeronta
vocative *gʷeront *? *gʷeronta
accusative *gʷeront *? *gʷeronta
genitive *gʷerantos *? *gʷerantom
dative *gʷerantei *? *gʷerantbos
instrumental *gʷerantī? *? *gʷerantbis
Declension of the middle participle
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *gʷeromnos *gʷeromnou *gʷeromnoi
vocative *gʷeromne *gʷeromnou *gʷeromnoi
accusative *gʷeromnom *gʷeromnou *gʷeromnons
genitive *gʷeromnī *gʷeromnous *gʷeromnom
dative *gʷeromnūi *gʷeromnobom *gʷeromnobos
instrumental *gʷeromnū *gʷeromnobim *gʷeromnobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *gʷeromnā *gʷeromnai *gʷeromnās
vocative *gʷeromnā *gʷeromnai *gʷeromnās
accusative *gʷeromnam *gʷeromnai *gʷeromnans
genitive *gʷeromnās *gʷeromnous *gʷeromnom
dative *gʷeromnai *gʷeromnābom *gʷeromnābos
instrumental *? *gʷeromnābim *gʷeromnābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *gʷeromnom *gʷeromnou *gʷeromnā
vocative *gʷeromnom *gʷeromnou *gʷeromnā
accusative *gʷeromnom *gʷeromnou *gʷeromnā
genitive *gʷeromnī *gʷeromnous *gʷeromnom
dative *gʷeromnūi *gʷeromnobom *gʷeromnobos
instrumental *gʷeromnū *gʷeromnobim *gʷeromnobis
Declension of the past participle
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *gʷritos *gʷritou *gʷritoi
vocative *gʷrite *gʷritou *gʷritoi
accusative *gʷritom *gʷritou *gʷritons
genitive *gʷritī *gʷritous *gʷritom
dative *gʷritūi *gʷritobom *gʷritobos
instrumental *gʷritū *gʷritobim *gʷritobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *gʷritā *gʷritai *gʷritās
vocative *gʷritā *gʷritai *gʷritās
accusative *gʷritam *gʷritai *gʷritans
genitive *gʷritās *gʷritous *gʷritom
dative *gʷritai *gʷritābom *gʷritābos
instrumental *? *gʷritābim *gʷritābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *gʷritom *gʷritou *gʷritā
vocative *gʷritom *gʷritou *gʷritā
accusative *gʷritom *gʷritou *gʷritā
genitive *gʷritī *gʷritous *gʷritom
dative *gʷritūi *gʷritobom *gʷritobos
instrumental *gʷritū *gʷritobim *gʷritobis

Derived terms

  • *uɸo-gʷereti
    • Old Irish: fo·geir

Descendants

  • Middle Irish: gerthiut (3sg. with suffixed pronoun)

References

  1. ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 372-373
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