Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kaɸukos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Given the existence of the nigh-synonymous and similarly-shaped Old Irish cuäd (“drinking vessel”) (<*kaɸutos), relations to Proto-Germanic *haubudą (“head”) and Latin caput (“head”) become attractive, with stem-final -d/t- and -k- representing attempts to render a glottal stop in a substrate language.^[1]

Noun

*kaɸukos m

cup
bowl, vessel

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kaɸukos	*kaɸukou	*kaɸukoi
vocative	*kaɸuke	*kaɸukou	*kaɸukoi
accusative	*kaɸukom	*kaɸukou	*kaɸukons
genitive	*kaɸukī	*kaɸukous	*kaɸukom
dative	*kaɸukūi	*kaɸukobom	*kaɸukobos
locative	*kaɸukei	*?	*?
instrumental	*kaɸukū	*kaɸukobim	*kaɸukūis

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *kọg
- Middle Welsh: kawc
  - Welsh: cawg
Old Irish: cuäch
- Middle Irish: cúach
  - Irish: cuach (“goblet”)
  - Scottish Gaelic: cuach (“bowl”)

References

^ Stifter, David (2024 October 7) “Prehistoric layers of loanwords in Old Irish”, in Guus Kroonen, editor, Sub-Indo-European Europe, De Gruyter, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 157–202

[1] Stifter, David (2024 October 7) “Prehistoric layers of loanwords in Old Irish”, in Guus Kroonen, editor, Sub-Indo-European Europe, De Gruyter, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 157–202

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