Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haubudą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From earlier *hafud, from Proto-Indo-European *káput. Cognate with Latin caput.

The original form in Germanic was *habudą, which has been retained in most North Germanic dialects, whereas some North Germanic dialects along with the West Germanic languages and Gothic have forms that go back to *haubudą or *haubidą. The diphthong may be due to metathesis, if one reconstructs the original paradigm nominative *hafuþ ~ genitive *habweþaz.^[1]^[2]

The same root but with an alternate ending also appears in Germanic: *habulô (e.g. Old English hafola (“head”)). The presence of initial *-a- in both *habudą and *habulô remains unexplained.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxɑu̯.βu.ðɑ̃/

Noun

*haubudą n

head

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *haubudą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*haubudą	*haubudō
vocative	*haubudą	*haubudō
accusative	*haubudą	*haubudō
genitive	haubudas, haubudis	*haubudǫ̂
dative	*haubudai	*haubudamaz
instrumental	*haubudō	*haubudamiz

Descendants

From *haubudą:

Proto-West Germanic: *haubud
- Old English: hēafod
  - Middle English: heed
    - English: head, heed, hed (obsolete), 'ead (UK, eye dialect)
      - → Japanese: ヘッド (heddo)
      - Sranan Tongo: ede
        Aukan: ede
        Saramaccan: hédi
    - Geordie English: heed
    - Scots: heid
    - Yola: heade, haade, hade
- Old Frisian: hāved, hāud, hāfd, hād
  - North Frisian: hood (Föhr-Amrum), Haur (Sylt)
  - Saterland Frisian: Haud
  - West Frisian: haad
- Old High German: houbit, haupit
  - Middle High German: höubet, houbet, houpt
    - Alemannic German: Haupt
    - German: Haupt, Haubt, Häubt, Häupt, Heubt, Heupt
      - → Plautdietsch: Haupt
    - Vilamovian: hiöt
    - Yiddish: הויפּט (hoypt)
Old Norse: haufuð
- Icelandic: haufuð
- >? Norwegian Nynorsk: (dialectal) hauv, haue, haud
Crimean Gothic: hoef

From *haubidą:

Proto-West Germanic: *haubid (see there for further descendants)
Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌸 (haubiþ)
Crimean Gothic: hoef

From *hafudą or *habudą:

Old English: *hafud (in hafudland (“headland”)
Old Norse: hǫfuð
- Icelandic: höfuð
- Faroese: høvd, høvur
- Norn: heved
- Norwegian: hovud; (dialectal) huvud, hugud, hue, haud
  - → Norwegian Bokmål: hue
- Jamtish: huvu
- Elfdalian: ovuð
- Old Swedish: hovuþ, huwuþ, hoffuidh, hwffuit
  - Swedish: huvud
- Old Danish: hofuþ, houæth
  - Scanian: huweð
  - Danish: hoved, hode
    - Norwegian Bokmål: hode, hoved-
- Old Gutnish: hafuþ
  - Gutnish: häud, håvud
- English: Howth

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*ha(u)beda- ~ *ha(u)buda-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 215
^ Marstrander, Carl (1925) Klodvignavnet og den germanske dissimilationslov (in Norwegian), Oslo: Dybwad, page 25

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*ha(u)beda- ~ *ha(u)buda-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 215

[2] Marstrander, Carl (1925) Klodvignavnet og den germanske dissimilationslov (in Norwegian), Oslo: Dybwad, page 25

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