Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/karāti
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From *karos (“dear, beloved”) + *-āti (factitive deadjectival verb suffix).
Verb
*karāti
Inflection
| Ā-present, s-preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *karāmi | *karāmam | *kikarasū | *karasam |
| 2nd singular | *karāsi | *karātās | *kikarasesi | *karass |
| 3rd singular | *karāti | *karāto | *kikaraseti | *karast |
| 1st plural | *karāmosi | *karāmo | *kikarasomosi | *karasme |
| 2nd plural | *karātesi | *karāstē | *kikarasetesi | *karaste |
| 3rd plural | *karānti | *karānto | *kikarasonti | *karasant |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *karasū | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | *karasesi | ? | *karā | |
| 3rd singular | *karaseti | ? | *karātou | |
| 1st plural | *karasomosi | ? | *karāmos | |
| 2nd plural | *karasetesi | ? | *karāte | |
| 3rd plural | *karasonti | ? | *karāntou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *karār | — | *kikarasūr | — |
| 2nd singular | *karātar | — | *kikarasetar | — |
| 3rd singular | *karātor | ? | *kikarasetor | — |
| 1st plural | *karāmmor | — | *kikarasommor | — |
| 2nd plural | *karādwe | — | *kikarasedwe | — |
| 3rd plural | *karāntor | ? | *kikarasontor | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *karasūr | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *karasetar | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *karasetor | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *karasommor | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *karasedwe | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *karasontor | — | — | |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *karātos | *karātou | *karātoi |
| vocative | *karāte | *karātou | *karātoi |
| accusative | *karātom | *karātou | *karātoms |
| genitive | *karātī | *karātous | *karātom |
| dative | *karātūi | *karātobom | *karātobos |
| instrumental | *karātū | *karātobim | *karātobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *karātā | *karātai | *karātās |
| vocative | *karātā | *karātai | *karātās |
| accusative | *karātam | *karātai | *karātams |
| genitive | *karātās | *karātous | *karātom |
| dative | *karātai | *karātābom | *karātābos |
| instrumental | *? | *karātābim | *karātābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *karātom | *karātou | *karātā |
| vocative | *karātom | *karātou | *karātā |
| accusative | *karātom | *karātou | *karātā |
| genitive | *karātī | *karātous | *karātom |
| dative | *karātūi | *karātobom | *karātobos |
| instrumental | *karātū | *karātobim | *karātobis |
Derived terms
- *karants (“friend”)
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *karɨd
- Old Irish: caraid, ·cara
- Irish: car
- Celtiberian: Kara-
- Gaulish: Caro-, -carus
Further reading
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 191