Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/liyeti
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-European *leyH- (“to flow”). Cognate with Ancient Greek λείβω (leíbō, “to pour”), Lithuanian li̇́eti (“to let flow”), Latgalian leit(i) (“to flow, to rain”).
Verb
*liyeti[1]
- to flow
Declension
| Thematic present | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *liyū | *liyemam | ? | — |
| 2nd singular | *liyesi | *liyetās | ? | — |
| 3rd singular | *liyeti | *liyeto | ? | — |
| 1st plural | *liyomosi | *liyemo | ? | — |
| 2nd plural | *liyetesi | *liyestē | ? | — |
| 3rd plural | *liyonti | *liyento | ? | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | ? | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | ? | ? | *liye | |
| 3rd singular | ? | ? | *liyetou | |
| 1st plural | ? | ? | *liyomos | |
| 2nd plural | ? | ? | *liyete | |
| 3rd plural | ? | ? | *liyontou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *liyūr | — | ? | — |
| 2nd singular | *liyetar | — | ? | — |
| 3rd singular | *liyetor | ? | ? | — |
| 1st plural | *liyommor | — | ? | — |
| 2nd plural | *liyedwe | — | ? | — |
| 3rd plural | *liyontor | ? | ? | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | ? | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | ? | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | ? | — | — | |
| 1st plural | ? | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | ? | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | ? | — | — | |
| Declension of the present participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *liyonts | *liyonte | *liyontes |
| vocative | *liyonts | *liyonte | *liyontes |
| accusative | *liyontam | *liyonte | *liyontans |
| genitive | *liyantos | *? | *liyantom |
| dative | *liyantei | *liyantbom | *liyantbos |
| instrumental | *liyantī? | *liyantbim | *liyantbis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *liyantī | *liyantī | *liyantiyās |
| vocative | *liyantī | *liyantī | *liyantiyās |
| accusative | *liyantīm | *liyantī | *liyantiyans |
| genitive | *liyantyās | *? | *liyantyom |
| dative | *liyantyāi | *liyantyābom | *liyantyābos |
| instrumental | *? | *liyantyābim | *liyantyābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *liyont | *? | *liyonta |
| vocative | *liyont | *? | *liyonta |
| accusative | *liyont | *? | *liyonta |
| genitive | *liyantos | *? | *liyantom |
| dative | *liyantei | *? | *liyantbos |
| instrumental | *liyantī? | *? | *liyantbis |
| Declension of the middle participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *liyomnos | *liyomnou | *liyomnoi |
| vocative | *liyomne | *liyomnou | *liyomnoi |
| accusative | *liyomnom | *liyomnou | *liyomnons |
| genitive | *liyomnī | *liyomnous | *liyomnom |
| dative | *liyomnūi | *liyomnobom | *liyomnobos |
| instrumental | *liyomnū | *liyomnobim | *liyomnobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *liyomnā | *liyomnai | *liyomnās |
| vocative | *liyomnā | *liyomnai | *liyomnās |
| accusative | *liyomnam | *liyomnai | *liyomnans |
| genitive | *liyomnās | *liyomnous | *liyomnom |
| dative | *liyomnai | *liyomnābom | *liyomnābos |
| instrumental | *? | *liyomnābim | *liyomnābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *liyomnom | *liyomnou | *liyomnā |
| vocative | *liyomnom | *liyomnou | *liyomnā |
| accusative | *liyomnom | *liyomnou | *liyomnā |
| genitive | *liyomnī | *liyomnous | *liyomnom |
| dative | *liyomnūi | *liyomnobom | *liyomnobos |
| instrumental | *liyomnū | *liyomnobim | *liyomnobis |
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)leyH- (“to accuse”). Cognate with Latin līs (“lawsuit, action”).
Verb
*liyeti
Declension
| Thematic present | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *liyū | *liyemam | ? | — |
| 2nd singular | *liyesi | *liyetās | ? | — |
| 3rd singular | *liyeti | *liyeto | ? | — |
| 1st plural | *liyomosi | *liyemo | ? | — |
| 2nd plural | *liyetesi | *liyestē | ? | — |
| 3rd plural | *liyonti | *liyento | ? | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | ? | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | ? | ? | *liye | |
| 3rd singular | ? | ? | *liyetou | |
| 1st plural | ? | ? | *liyomos | |
| 2nd plural | ? | ? | *liyete | |
| 3rd plural | ? | ? | *liyontou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *liyūr | — | ? | — |
| 2nd singular | *liyetar | — | ? | — |
| 3rd singular | *liyetor | ? | ? | — |
| 1st plural | *liyommor | — | ? | — |
| 2nd plural | *liyedwe | — | ? | — |
| 3rd plural | *liyontor | ? | ? | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | ? | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | ? | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | ? | — | — | |
| 1st plural | ? | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | ? | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | ? | — | — | |
| Declension of the present participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *liyonts | *liyonte | *liyontes |
| vocative | *liyonts | *liyonte | *liyontes |
| accusative | *liyontam | *liyonte | *liyontans |
| genitive | *liyantos | *? | *liyantom |
| dative | *liyantei | *liyantbom | *liyantbos |
| instrumental | *liyantī? | *liyantbim | *liyantbis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *liyantī | *liyantī | *liyantiyās |
| vocative | *liyantī | *liyantī | *liyantiyās |
| accusative | *liyantīm | *liyantī | *liyantiyans |
| genitive | *liyantyās | *? | *liyantyom |
| dative | *liyantyāi | *liyantyābom | *liyantyābos |
| instrumental | *? | *liyantyābim | *liyantyābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *liyont | *? | *liyonta |
| vocative | *liyont | *? | *liyonta |
| accusative | *liyont | *? | *liyonta |
| genitive | *liyantos | *? | *liyantom |
| dative | *liyantei | *? | *liyantbos |
| instrumental | *liyantī? | *? | *liyantbis |
| Declension of the middle participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *liyomnos | *liyomnou | *liyomnoi |
| vocative | *liyomne | *liyomnou | *liyomnoi |
| accusative | *liyomnom | *liyomnou | *liyomnons |
| genitive | *liyomnī | *liyomnous | *liyomnom |
| dative | *liyomnūi | *liyomnobom | *liyomnobos |
| instrumental | *liyomnū | *liyomnobim | *liyomnobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *liyomnā | *liyomnai | *liyomnās |
| vocative | *liyomnā | *liyomnai | *liyomnās |
| accusative | *liyomnam | *liyomnai | *liyomnans |
| genitive | *liyomnās | *liyomnous | *liyomnom |
| dative | *liyomnai | *liyomnābom | *liyomnābos |
| instrumental | *? | *liyomnābim | *liyomnābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *liyomnom | *liyomnou | *liyomnā |
| vocative | *liyomnom | *liyomnou | *liyomnā |
| accusative | *liyomnom | *liyomnou | *liyomnā |
| genitive | *liyomnī | *liyomnous | *liyomnom |
| dative | *liyomnūi | *liyomnobom | *liyomnobos |
| instrumental | *liyomnū | *liyomnobim | *liyomnobis |
Descendants
- Old Irish: liid, lithae (“accuses”)
- Celtiberian: *litom (?) (however compare Proto-Indo-European *leykʷ- (“to leave”))
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*liy-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 243