Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/triyanom

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Stifter derives this from two possibilities:^[1]

Via *triyanom, this would be a thematization of *tri- (“three”) +‎ *-Hō (possessive suffix).
Via *trisanom, this would be a thematization of Proto-Indo-European *trís (“thrice”) + *-Hō.

Noun

*triyanom n^[2]

one third (1/3)

Inflection

Neuter o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*triyanom	*triyanou	*triyanā
vocative	*triyanom	*triyanou	*triyanā
accusative	*triyanom	*triyanou	*triyanā
genitive	*triyanī	*triyanous	*triyanom
dative	*triyanūi	*triyanobom	*triyanobos
locative	*triyanei	*?	*?
instrumental	*triyanū	*triyanobim	*triyanūis

Reconstruction notes

*triyanom has an easier time accounting for the Gaulish word than *trisanom, since the loss of -s- was far more restricted in Gaulish than in Insular Celtic.

Alternative reconstructions

*trisanom^[3]

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic:
- Old Breton: troian, troean
- Old Welsh: trean
  - Middle Welsh: traean
    - Welsh: traean
Old Irish: trïan
- Middle Irish: trían
  - Irish: trian
  - Scottish Gaelic: trian
Gaulish: trianis

References

^ Stifter, David (2012) “Lenition of s in Gaulish?”, in Benedicte Nielsen Whitehead, Thomas Olander, Birgit Anette Olsen and Jens Elmegård Rasmussen, editors, The Sound of Indo-European (Copenhagen Studies in Indo-European), Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, pages 537-538
^ Koch, John (2004) “a third”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 4
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*trisano-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 390

[1] Stifter, David (2012) “Lenition of s in Gaulish?”, in Benedicte Nielsen Whitehead, Thomas Olander, Birgit Anette Olsen and Jens Elmegård Rasmussen, editors, The Sound of Indo-European (Copenhagen Studies in Indo-European), Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, pages 537-538

[2] Koch, John (2004) “a third”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 4

[3] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*trisano-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 390

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