Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tréyes
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
Brugmann (1892: 464) suggested original meaning "middle (= protruding) finger", quoting Sanskrit तर्मन् (tarman, “the top of the sacrificial post”) (see *térmn̥) and Ancient Greek τέρθρον (térthron, “tip, end”). This idea was developed by Fay (1910: 416-17), who reconstructed *tri-sth₂-o-s (“tip finger”). In the first component he identified the locative *tr-í- “on-tip”, while the second ("stander") has also to form other finger names, e. g. Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hangúštʰas (“thumb”), Sanskrit कनिष्ठा (kaniṣṭhā, “little finger”), Proto-Balto-Slavic *pírštan (“finger”), etc.
The feminine *tisres is from **trisres, with the same feminine marker, -sr-, of *kʷétesres.
Numeral
| < 2 | 3 | 4 > |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal : *tréyes Ordinal : *tritós[1] Adverbial : *trís Prefix : *tri- | ||
*tréyes
Inflection
| Athematic, amphikinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *tréyes | *tisres | |
| genitive | *tr̥yóHom | *tisróHom | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | — | — | *tréyes |
| vocative | — | — | *tréyes |
| accusative | — | — | *tríms |
| genitive | — | — | *tr̥yóHom |
| ablative | — | — | *trimós, *tribʰós |
| dative | — | — | *trimós, *tribʰós |
| locative | — | — | *trisú |
| instrumental | — | — | *trimís, *tribʰís |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | — | — | *tisres |
| vocative | — | — | *tisres |
| accusative | — | — | *tisrm̥s |
| genitive | — | — | *tisróHom |
| ablative | — | — | *tisr̥mós, *tisr̥bʰós |
| dative | — | — | *tisr̥mós, *tisr̥bʰós |
| locative | — | — | *tisr̥sú |
| instrumental | — | — | *tisr̥mís, *tisr̥bʰís |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | — | — | *tríh₂ |
| vocative | — | — | *tríh₂ |
| accusative | — | — | *tríh₂ |
| genitive | — | — | *tr̥yóHom |
| ablative | — | — | *trimós, *tribʰós |
| dative | — | — | *trimós, *tribʰós |
| locative | — | — | *trisú |
| instrumental | — | — | *trimís, *tribʰís |
Derived terms
Descendants
- Proto-Albanian: *treje (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Anatolian: *trḗs
- Proto-Armenian:
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tríjes (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *trīs (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *þrīz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *tréyes (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tráyas (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *trēs (see there for further descendants)
- Messapic: (tri-)
- Phrygian: θρί- (thrí-)
- Proto-Tocharian: *treyä[2] (see there for further descendants)
References
- ^ Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell
- ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “trai”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 339-340
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