Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/windeti
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
Derived from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to know”), more specifically via a nasal present *wi-né-d-ti ~ *wi-n-d-énti. The preterite in particular is from the unreduplicated stative *wóyd-e ~ *wid-ḗr.
Verb
*windeti
Inflection
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *windū | *windemam | ? | *wida |
| 2nd singular | *windesi | *windetās | ? | *widas? |
| 3rd singular | *windeti | *windeto | ? | *wide |
| 1st plural | *windomosi | *windemo | ? | *widmo |
| 2nd plural | *windetesi | *windestē | ? | *wisse |
| 3rd plural | *windonti | *windento | ? | *widars |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *weitsū | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | *weitsesi | ? | *winde | |
| 3rd singular | *weitseti | ? | *windetou | |
| 1st plural | *weitsomosi | ? | *windomos | |
| 2nd plural | *weitsetesi | ? | *windete | |
| 3rd plural | *weitsonti | ? | *windontou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *windūr | — | ? | *widra |
| 2nd singular | *windetar | — | ? | *widras? |
| 3rd singular | *windetor | ? | ? | *widre |
| 1st plural | *windommor | — | ? | ? |
| 2nd plural | *windedwe | — | ? | ? |
| 3rd plural | *windontor | ? | ? | ? |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *weitsūr | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *weitsetar | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *weitsetor | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *weitsommor | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *weitsedwe | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *weitsontor | — | — | |
| Declension of the present participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *windonts | *windonte | *windontes |
| vocative | *windonts | *windonte | *windontes |
| accusative | *windontam | *windonte | *windontans |
| genitive | *windantos | *? | *windantom |
| dative | *windantei | *windantbom | *windantbos |
| instrumental | *windantī? | *windantbim | *windantbis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *windantī | *windantī | *windantiyās |
| vocative | *windantī | *windantī | *windantiyās |
| accusative | *windantīm | *windantī | *windantiyans |
| genitive | *windantyās | *? | *windantyom |
| dative | *windantyāi | *windantyābom | *windantyābos |
| instrumental | *? | *windantyābim | *windantyābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *windont | *? | *windonta |
| vocative | *windont | *? | *windonta |
| accusative | *windont | *? | *windonta |
| genitive | *windantos | *? | *windantom |
| dative | *windantei | *? | *windantbos |
| instrumental | *windantī? | *? | *windantbis |
| Declension of the middle participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *windomnos | *windomnou | *windomnoi |
| vocative | *windomne | *windomnou | *windomnoi |
| accusative | *windomnom | *windomnou | *windomnons |
| genitive | *windomnī | *windomnous | *windomnom |
| dative | *windomnūi | *windomnobom | *windomnobos |
| instrumental | *windomnū | *windomnobim | *windomnobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *windomnā | *windomnai | *windomnās |
| vocative | *windomnā | *windomnai | *windomnās |
| accusative | *windomnam | *windomnai | *windomnans |
| genitive | *windomnās | *windomnous | *windomnom |
| dative | *windomnai | *windomnābom | *windomnābos |
| instrumental | *? | *windomnābim | *windomnābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *windomnom | *windomnou | *windomnā |
| vocative | *windomnom | *windomnou | *windomnā |
| accusative | *windomnom | *windomnou | *windomnā |
| genitive | *windomnī | *windomnous | *windomnom |
| dative | *windomnūi | *windomnobom | *windomnobos |
| instrumental | *windomnū | *windomnobim | *windomnobis |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *wissos | *wissou | *wissoi |
| vocative | *wisse | *wissou | *wissoi |
| accusative | *wissom | *wissou | *wissons |
| genitive | *wissī | *wissous | *wissom |
| dative | *wissūi | *wissobom | *wissobos |
| instrumental | *wissū | *wissobim | *wissobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *wissā | *wissai | *wissās |
| vocative | *wissā | *wissai | *wissās |
| accusative | *wissam | *wissai | *wissans |
| genitive | *wissās | *wissous | *wissom |
| dative | *wissai | *wissābom | *wissābos |
| instrumental | *? | *wissābim | *wissābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *wissom | *wissou | *wissā |
| vocative | *wissom | *wissou | *wissā |
| accusative | *wissom | *wissou | *wissā |
| genitive | *wissī | *wissous | *wissom |
| dative | *wissūi | *wissobom | *wissobos |
| instrumental | *wissū | *wissobim | *wissobis |
Related terms
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *gwɨbod (finite forms)
- Old Irish: ro·finnadar
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*wi-n-d-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 422