Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wóyde

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Stative root perfect of *weyd- (“to see”).

Verb

*wóyde (stative)

  1. to have seen, to know

Inflection

Stative
3rd singular *wóyde
3rd plural *widḗr
Active voice Indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
1st singular *wóydh₂e — *wéydoh₂ *widyéh₁m̥
2nd singular *wóydth₂e *wóyd, *widdʰí *wéydesi *widyéh₁s
3rd singular *wóyde *wóydtu *wéydeti *widyéh₁t
1st dual *widwé — *wéydowos *widih₁wé
2nd dual *? *widtóm *wéydetes *widih₁tóm
3rd dual *? *widtā́m *wéydetes *widih₁tā́m
1st plural *widmé — *wéydomos *widih₁mé
2nd plural *widé *widté *wéydete *widih₁té
3rd plural *widḗr *widéntu *wéydonti *widih₁ént
Participle *widwṓs

Descendants

  • Proto-Armenian: *gēt-
  • Balto-Slavic:
    • Latgalian: iraida (“is/are (visible, noticeable)”) (from *irvaida where "ir, ira, irā" ("is/are"))
    • Latgalian: navaida (“is/are not (visible, noticeable)”)
    • Latgalian: sovvaids (“peculiar”) (where the first part - sovs (“one's own”))
    • Proto-Slavic: *věděti (“to know”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *wait (“knows”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: οἶδα (oîda, “to know”)
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