Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/istudak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From Proto-Finno-Permic *isɜ-, whence also Erzya озамс (ozams), + *-tudak.
Verb
- to sit
Inflection
Inflection of *istudak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *istun | *istuin | — | *istugon |
| 2nd sing. | *istut | *istuit | *istuk | *istugos |
| 3rd sing. | *istubi *istu |
*istui | *istugasën | *istugosën |
| 1st plur. | *istukmëk *istukmak |
*istuimëk *istuimak |
*istugatëmëk *istugatamak |
*istugotëmëk *istugotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *istuktëk *istuktak |
*istuidëk *istuidak |
*istugatë *istugata |
*istugot'ëk *istugotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *istubat *istu |
*istui | *istugasën | *istugosën |
| passive | *istuksën *istut'aksën |
*istudisën *istuttisën |
*istudakahën *istuttakahën |
*istudakohën *istuttakohën |
| connegative | *istuk | — | *istugak | *istugok |
| passive connegative | *istuktak | — | *istudagak *istuttagak |
*istudagok *istuttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *istukcin | *istuicin | *istunën | |
| 2nd sing. | *istukcit | *istuicit | *istunët | |
| 3rd sing. | *istukci | *istuici | *istuni | |
| 1st plur. | *istukcimëk *istukcimak |
*istuicimëk *istuicimak |
*istunëmëk *istunëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *istukcidëk *istukcidak |
*istuicidëk *istuicidak |
*istunëdëk *istunëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *istukci | *istuici | *istuni | |
| passive | *istudakcihën *istut'akcihën |
*istudicihën *istutticihën |
*istudanëhën *istuttanëhën | |
| connegative | *istukcik | *istuicik | *istunëk | |
| passive connegative | *istudakcik *istut'akcik |
*istudicik *istutticik |
*istudanëk *istuttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *istudak | present | *istuba | *istudapa *istuttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *istudë- | past | *istunut | *istudu *istuttu |
| gerund/supine | *istuma | |||
| action noun | *istuminen | |||
Derived terms
Descendants
- Estonian: istuma/istuda
- Finnish: istua
- Ingrian: istua
- Karelian:
- Livonian: istõ, (Salaca) ist
- Livvi: istuo
- Ludian: ištuda
- Veps: ištta
- Võro: istma/istuq
- Votic: issua
References
Further reading
- “istuma”, in Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Entry #1233 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.