Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arwaz

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 This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Pre-Germanic *Herwos, which could come from either Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“to order, arrange, fit”) or *h₃er- (“to set in motion”). Compare, in particular, Proto-Tocharian *ārwer (“ready”), Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬙 (auruuaṇt, “quick”).

Adjective

*arwaz

  1. ready, fast
Inflection
Declension of *arwaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *arwaz *arwō *arwą, -atō *arwai *arwôz *arwō
accusative *arwanǭ *arwǭ *arwą, -atō *arwanz *arwōz *arwō
genitive *arwas, -is *arwaizōz *arwas, -is *arwaizǫ̂ *arwaizǫ̂ *arwaizǫ̂
dative *arwammai *arwaizōi *arwammai *arwaimaz *arwaimaz *arwaimaz
instrumental *arwanō *arwaizō *arwanō *arwaimiz *arwaimiz *arwaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *arwô *arwǭ *arwô *arwaniz *arwōniz *arwōnō
accusative *arwanų *arwōnų *arwô *arwanunz *arwōnunz *arwōnō
genitive *arwiniz *arwōniz *arwiniz *arwanǫ̂ *arwōnǫ̂ *arwanǫ̂
dative *arwini *arwōni *arwini *arwammaz *arwōmaz *arwammaz
instrumental *arwinē *arwōnē *arwinē *arwammiz *arwōmiz *arwammiz
Descendants
  • Old English: earu
  • Old Saxon: aru
  • Old Norse: ǫrr
  • Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐍅𐌾𐍉 (arwjō) (related adverb, not a direct descendant)

Etymology 2

An old s-stem continuing Proto-Indo-European *Hérus (“scar, wound”); compare Sanskrit अरुस् (arus, “wound”). Probably cognate to Proto-Germanic *reufaną.

Alternative reconstructions

Noun

*arwaz n

  1. scar
Inflection
Declension of *arwaz (z-stem)
singular plural
nominative *arwaz *arwizō
vocative *arwaz *arwizō
accusative *arwaz *arwizō
genitive *arwiziz *arwizǫ̂
dative *arwizi *arwizumaz
instrumental *arwizē *arwizumiz
Descendants

In the West Germanic forms, the word was remodeled as an n-stem and picked up initial n- by metanalysis, or as the result of influence by *narwaz (“narrow”) (n-less forms such as Middle Low German are and dialectal German Arbe are also attested).

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*arwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 37
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*arwiz-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 37
  3. ^ “Proto-Germanic/arwaz”, in: Bjorvand & Lindeman, Våre arveord, rev. ed. Oslo, 2007.
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