Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arwaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Pre-Germanic *Herwos, which could come from either Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“to order, arrange, fit”) or *h₃er- (“to set in motion”).
Adjective
*arwaz[1]
Inflection
Declension of *arwaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *arwaz | *arwai | *arwō | *arwôz | *arwą, -atō | *arwō |
| Accusative | *arwanǭ | *arwanz | *arwǭ | *arwōz | *arwą, -atō | *arwō |
| Genitive | *arwas, -is | *arwaizǫ̂ | *arwaizōz | *arwaizǫ̂ | *arwas, -is | *arwaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *arwammai | *arwaimaz | *arwaizōi | *arwaimaz | *arwammai | *arwaimaz |
| Instrumental | *arwanō | *arwaimiz | *arwaizō | *arwaimiz | *arwanō | *arwaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *arwô | *arwaniz | *arwǭ | *arwōniz | *arwô | *arwōnō |
| Accusative | *arwanų | *arwanunz | *arwōnų | *arwōnunz | *arwô | *arwōnō |
| Genitive | *arwiniz | *arwanǫ̂ | *arwōniz | *arwōnǫ̂ | *arwiniz | *arwanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *arwini | *arwammaz | *arwōni | *arwōmaz | *arwini | *arwammaz |
| Instrumental | *arwinē | *arwammiz | *arwōnē | *arwōmiz | *arwinē | *arwammiz |
Related terms
Descendants
- Old English: earu
- Old Saxon: aru
- Old Norse: ǫrr
- Icelandic: ör
- Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐍅𐌾𐍉 (arwjō) (related adverb, not a direct descendant)
Etymology 2
An old s-stem continuing Proto-Indo-European *Hérus. Compare Sanskrit अरुस् (arus, “wound”). Probably cognate to Proto-Germanic *reufaną.[2]
Noun
*arwaz n[3]
Inflection
| z-stemDeclension of *arwaz (z-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | *arwaz | *arwizō | |
| vocative | *arwaz | *arwizō | |
| accusative | *arwaz | *arwizō | |
| genitive | *arwiziz | *arwizǫ̂ | |
| dative | *arwizi | *arwizumaz | |
| instrumental | *arwizē | *arwizumiz | |
Descendants
In the West Germanic forms, the word was remodeled as an n-stem and picked up initial n- by metanalysis, or as the result of influence by *narwaz (“narrow”) (n-less forms such as Middle Low German are and dialectal German Arbe are also attested).
- Old Saxon: *narwo; *narwa
- Old Dutch: *narwo; *narwa
- Old High German: narwo; narwa, narawa
- Proto-Norse: *ᚨᚱᚹᛁᛉ (*arwiʀ)
References
- ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*arwa-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 37
- ^ “Proto-Germanic/arwaz”, in: Bjorvand & Lindeman, Våre arveord, rev. ed. Oslo, 2007.
- ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*arwiz-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 37