Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/berganą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰergʰ- (“to take care of, protect, preserve”). Cognate to Proto-Slavic *berťi.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈber.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*berganą^[1]^[2]

to take care of
to preserve, to keep
to protect, to save

Inflection

Conjugation of *berganą (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*bergō	*bergaų	—	*bergai	?
2nd singular	*birgizi	*bergaiz	*berg	*bergazai	*bergaizau
3rd singular	*birgidi	*bergai	*bergadau	*bergadai	*bergaidau
1st dual	*bergōz	*bergaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*bergadiz	*bergaidiz	*bergadiz	—	—
1st plural	*bergamaz	*bergaim	—	*bergandai	*bergaindau
2nd plural	*birgid	*bergaid	*birgid	*bergandai	*bergaindau
3rd plural	*bergandi	*bergain	*bergandau	*bergandai	*bergaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*barg	*burgį̄
2nd singular	*barht	*burgīz
3rd singular	*barg	*burgī
1st dual	*burgū	*burgīw
2nd dual	*burgudiz	*burgīdiz
1st plural	*burgum	*burgīm
2nd plural	*burgud	*burgīd
3rd plural	*burgun	*burgīn

	present	past
participles	*bergandz	*burganaz

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *bergan
- Old English: beorgan
  - Middle English: berwen, berȝen, bergen, berghen, beregen, berrȝhenn
- Old Frisian: *berga; bergia
  - Saterland Frisian: bierge
  - West Frisian: bergje
- Old Saxon: *bergan
  - Middle Low German: bergen, bargen
    - German Low German: bargen
    - → Swedish: bärga (partly)
      - →? Finnish: pärjätä
- Old Dutch: bergan
  - Middle Dutch: bergen
    - Dutch: bergen
      - Afrikaans: berg
    - Limburgish: bèrge
- Old High German: bergan
  - Middle High German: bergen
    - German: bergen
    - Luxembourgish: biergen
Old Norse: bjarga
- Icelandic: bjarga
- Faroese: bjarga
- Norwegian: berge
- Old Swedish: biærgha
  - Swedish: bärga (partly)
- Old Danish: biærghæ
  - Danish: bjærge
Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌰𐌽 (bairgan)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bergan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 60
^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*berʒanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 42

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bergan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 60

[2] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*berʒanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 42

[1]

[2]