Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fukkōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

• IPA^(key): /ˈɸuk.kɔː.nɑ̃/

From Pre-Germanic *pugnéh₂-. Likely related to Latvian puga (“gust of wind”).

*fukkōną

1. to blow, gust

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *fukk- against non-singular *fuk-.

• *faukijaną
• *feukaną/*fūkaną

• Proto-West Germanic: *fokkōn
  • Old Dutch: *fokkon
    • Middle Dutch: vocken
  • Old High German: fohhōn, fochōn
    • Middle High German: fochen
• Old Norse: *fokka
  • Icelandic: fokka
  • ⇒ Faroese: fokka (“foresail”, noun)

• Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

From Pre-Germanic *pugnéh₂-, likely a zero-grade iterative from Proto-Indo-European *pug-, *pewǵ- (“to strike, assail”). Related to Latin pugnus (“fist”), Ancient Greek πυγμή (pugmḗ, “fist”), possibly also Russian пуга́ть (pugátʹ, “to frighten, scare”).

*fukkōną

1. to strike, assail
2. to copulate

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *fukk- against non-singular *fuk-.

• *faukōną

• Proto-West Germanic: *fukkōn
  • Old English: *fuccian
    • Middle English: *fukken, *fuken
      • English: fuck (see there for further descendants)
      • Early Scots: *fuken
        • Middle Scots: fuk
          • Scots: fuck, fuk
      • Geordie English: fook
  • Old Frisian: *fokkia
    • West Frisian: fokje, fokke
  • Old Dutch: *fokkon, *fukkon
    • Middle Dutch: fokken
      • Dutch: fokken
        • Afrikaans: fok
        • → West Frisian: fokke
  • >? Old High German: fitafuhhōn (with uncertain initial component)
• Old Norse: *fukka
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: fukka (dialectal)
  • Swedish: fokka (Bohuslän)