Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gladaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰladʰ-, from *gʰleh₂dʰ- (“to shine”). Cognate to Lithuanian žlėjà (“dusk”), Latin glaber (“smooth, hairless”), and Old Church Slavonic гладъкъ (gladŭkŭ, “smooth, even, sweet”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣlɑ.ðɑz/

Adjective

*gladaz

Inflection

Declension of *gladaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*gladaz	*gladō	*gladą, -atō	*gladai	*gladôz	*gladō
accusative	*gladanǭ	*gladǭ	*gladą, -atō	*gladanz	*gladōz	*gladō
genitive	*gladas, -is	*gladaizōz	*gladas, -is	*gladaizǫ̂	*gladaizǫ̂	*gladaizǫ̂
dative	*gladammai	*gladaizōi	*gladammai	*gladaimaz	*gladaimaz	*gladaimaz
instrumental	*gladanō	*gladaizō	*gladanō	*gladaimiz	*gladaimiz	*gladaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*gladô	*gladǭ	*gladô	*gladaniz	*gladōniz	*gladōnō
accusative	*gladanų	*gladōnų	*gladô	*gladanunz	*gladōnunz	*gladōnō
genitive	*gladiniz	*gladōniz	*gladiniz	*gladanǫ̂	*gladōnǫ̂	*gladanǫ̂
dative	*gladini	*gladōni	*gladini	*gladammaz	*gladōmaz	*gladammaz
instrumental	*gladinē	*gladōnē	*gladinē	*gladammiz	*gladōmiz	*gladammiz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *glad
- Old English: glæd
  - Middle English: glad, glade, gladde, glaid, gled
    - English: glad
    - Scots: gled, glaid
    - Yola: glaude
  - ⇒ Middle English: glade, glode, glede
    - English: glade
    - Yola: gladès
- Old Frisian: gled
  - Saterland Frisian: glääd
  - West Frisian: glêd
- Old Saxon: glad
  - Middle Low German: glad, glat
    - Low German: glad, glatt
    - Plautdietsch: glaut
- Old Dutch: *glad, *glat
  - Middle Dutch: glat
    - Dutch: glad
      - Afrikaans: glad
- Old High German: glat
  - Middle High German: glat
    - German: glatt
      - → Danish: glat
      - → Swedish: glatt
      - → Norwegian: glatt
      - → Esperanto: glata
        Ido: glata
    - Luxembourgish: glat
    - Vilamovian: głōt
    - Yiddish: גלאַט (glat)
      - → English: glatt
Old Norse: glaðr
- Icelandic: glaður
- Faroese: glaður
- Norwegian: glad
- Old Swedish: glaþer
  - Swedish: glad
- Danish: glad
→ Proto-Samic:
- Northern Sami: láđis

References

^ Friedrich Kluge (1989) “glatt”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*glada-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 179

[1] Friedrich Kluge (1989) “glatt”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*glada-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 179