Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haitaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Traditionally derived, per Pokorny, from a Proto-Indo-European *key-d-, a dental extension of a root Proto-Indo-European *key- (“to move, to impel”), and compared with Ancient Greek κινέω (kinéō, “to set in motion, to arouse”), Latin cieō (“to set in motion, to summon”), Sanskrit च्यवते (cyavate, “to come forth, to fall down”), Albanian qoj (“to wake up”). The original notion was, under this theory, something like "to summon", i.e. "to order someone to come" (cf. the parallel usage of English cite (“to summon (someone)”), from the cognate Latin root).

The above theory is implicitly rejected by modern scholars (and the root listed above deprecated, with its descendants being split into various unrelated roots), including Kroonen, who instead tentatively derives the verb from a Proto-Indo-European *ḱeyd- (“to call”), and adduces cognates in Iranian, including Sogdian (sēδ-, “to call”) and Ossetian сидын (sidyn), седун (sedun, “idem”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɑi̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/

*haitaną

1. to address, call, summon
2. to name
   1. (passive voice) to be called
3. to promise

• Proto-West Germanic: *haitan
  • Old English: hātan
    • Middle English: hoten, hoaten, haten
      • English: hote, hight
      • Scots: hate, hait
  • Old Frisian: hēta
    • Saterland Frisian: hete
    • West Frisian: hjitte
  • Old Saxon: hētan
    • Middle Low German: hêten, hêiten
      • German Low German: heiten, heten
  • Old Dutch: hētan
    • Middle Dutch: hêten
      • Dutch: heten
        • Afrikaans: heet
        • Negerhollands: hiet
      • Limburgish: heite
  • Old High German: heiȥan, heiȥȥan — early
    • Middle High German: heiȥen
      • Bavarian: hoazn

        Cimbrian: hoazan

        Mòcheno: hoasn

      • German: heißen
      • Luxembourgish: heeschen (fully merged with *aiskōn)
      • Yiddish: הייסן (heysn)
  • → Vulgar Latin: *haitō
    • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *subhaitō
      • Old French: sohaidier
        • Middle French: souhaiter
          • French: souhaiter
• Proto-Norse: ᚺᚨᛁᛏᛖ (haite, 1st singular passive), ᚺᚨᛁᛏᛁᚾᚨᛉ (haitinaʀ, past participle)
  • Old Norse: heita
    • Icelandic: heita
    • Faroese: eita, heita
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: heita
    • Old Swedish: hēta
      • Swedish: heta
    • Old Danish: hetæ
      • Danish: hedde, hede
        • Norwegian Bokmål: hete
    • Old Gutnish: haita
• Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (haitan)