Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kōkô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *gag- ~ *gōg- (“round, ball-shaped object; lump; clump”), but this reconstruction is obsolete in view of modern laryngeal theory as well as semantically gratuitous. Proto-Indo-European *geh₂g- or similar is possible, with the zero grade seen in the synonym *kakǭ,^[1] but external cognates are unknown. Possibly a sound-symbolic invention.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkɔː.kɔːː/

Noun

*kōkô m

cake

Inflection

masculine an-stemDeclension of *kōkô (masculine an-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kōkô	*kōkaniz
vocative	*kōkô	*kōkaniz
accusative	*kōkanų	*kōkanunz
genitive	*kōkiniz	*kōkanǫ̂
dative	*kōkini	*kōkammaz
instrumental	*kōkinē	*kōkammiz

Derived terms

*kōkilaz

Related terms

*kakǭ

Descendants

Old English: *cōca
Old Frisian: *kōka
- Saterland Frisian: Kouke
- West Frisian: koeke
Old Saxon: *kōko, *koko
- Middle Low German: kôke, kûke
  - German Low German: Kook, Kauken
    - ⇒ German Low German: Kookje (diminutive)
  - → Estonian: kook
  - → Latvian: kūka
Old Dutch: *kuoko
- Middle Dutch: coeke
  - Dutch: koek
    - Afrikaans: koek
      - → Sotho: kuku
    - Berbice Creole Dutch: kuku
    - Jersey Dutch: kuk
    - → Sranan Tongo: kuku
      - → Lokono: kuku
      - → Aukan: kuku
      - → Caribbean Hindustani: kuku
      - → Caribbean Javanese: kuku
      - → Kwinti: kúku
      - → Saramaccan: kúku
    - ⇒ Dutch: koekje, koekie (colloquial) (diminutive)
      - → English: cookie (see there for further descendants)
      - Negerhollands: koeki, kuki, kukkie
  - Limburgish: kook
  - → Bourguignon: couque
  - → French: couque
    - French: cocagne
      - →? English: Cockaigne
  - → Picard: couque
Old High German: kuohho, kuocho, chuohho
- Middle High German: kuoche
  - Alemannic German: Chueche
  - Bavarian: Kuacha, Kuachn
  - Central Franconian:
    Eiflerisch: Kooche
    Hunsrik: Kughe
    Luxembourgish: Kuch
  - East Central German:
    Erzgebirgisch: Kugn
    Meißnisch: Kuchn
    Osterländisch: Guchn
    Vilamovian: kücha
  - East Franconian:
    Lower East Franconian: Kuache, Kuachn
    Southern East Franconian: Kuacha
    Upper East Franconian: Kuchn, Kougn
  - German: Kuchen
    - → English: kuchen
    - → Esperanto: kuko
      - Ido: kuko
    - → Japanese: クーヘン (kūhen)
    - → Kashubian: kùch
    - → Portuguese: cuca, cuque
    - → Spanish: kuchen
  - Rhine Franconian: Kuche
    - Frankfurterisch:
    - Lorraine Franconian: Küeche
      - → French: quiche
        → Danish: quiche
        → Dutch: quiche
        → English: quiche
        → Japanese: キッシュ (kisshu)
        → Korean: 키슈 (kisyu)
        → Esperanto: kiŝo
        → German: Quiche
        → Greek: κις (kis)
        → Polish: quiche, kisz
        → Portuguese: quiche
        → Russian: киш (kiš)
        → Spanish: quiche
        → Swedish: quiche
        → Thai: กิช (gìch)
    - Pennsylvania German: Kuche
  - Yiddish: קוכן (kukhn)
Old Norse: *kóki
- Norwegian: kok (dialectal)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kōkan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 299

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kōkan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 299

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