Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kleubaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“to split”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkleu̯.βɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kleubaną^[1]^[2]

to split, to cleave

Inflection

Conjugation of *kleubaną (strong class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*kleubō	*kleubaų	—	*kleubai	?
2nd singular	*kliubizi	*kleubaiz	*kleub	*kleubazai	*kleubaizau
3rd singular	*kliubidi	*kleubai	*kleubadau	*kleubadai	*kleubaidau
1st dual	*kleubōz	*kleubaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kleubadiz	*kleubaidiz	*kleubadiz	—	—
1st plural	*kleubamaz	*kleubaim	—	*kleubandai	*kleubaindau
2nd plural	*kliubid	*kleubaid	*kliubid	*kleubandai	*kleubaindau
3rd plural	*kleubandi	*kleubain	*kleubandau	*kleubandai	*kleubaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*klaub	*klubį̄
2nd singular	*klauft	*klubīz
3rd singular	*klaub	*klubī
1st dual	*klubū	*klubīw
2nd dual	*klubudiz	*klubīdiz
1st plural	*klubum	*klubīm
2nd plural	*klubud	*klubīd
3rd plural	*klubun	*klubīn

	present	past
participles	*kleubandz	*klubanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *kleuban
- Old English: clēofan
  - Middle English: cleven
    - English: cleave
    - Scots: cleave
- Old Saxon: kliovan
  - Middle Low German: klûven (with alternative present-tense vowel)
    - Low German: klöven
- Old Dutch: *clievan
  - Middle Dutch: clieven
    - Dutch: klieven
    - Limburgish: kleive
- Old High German: klioban
  - Middle High German: klieben
    - Cimbrian: khliipan
    - German: klieben
Old Norse: kljúfa
- Icelandic: kljúfa
- Faroese: klúgva
- Norwegian Nynorsk: kljuva, kluva, kløyva; (dialectal) kljuga, kluba
  - → Norwegian Bokmål: kløyve
- Elfdalian: kliuova
- Old Swedish: klȳva
  - Swedish: klyva
- Old Danish: klȳuæ
  - Scanian: kløva
  - Danish: kløve
    - Norwegian Bokmål: kløve
- Old Gutnish: kliaufa
  - Gutnish: klaue

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kleuban-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 292
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*kleubanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 216

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kleuban-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 292

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*kleubanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 216

[1]

[2]