Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwelaną

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 This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to hurt”). Related to Lithuanian gélti (“to hurt”), Old Irish atbaill (“to die”).

Pronunciation

Verb

*kwelaną[1][2][3]

  1. to suffer, hurt

Inflection

Conjugation of *kwelaną (strong class 4)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kwelō *kwelaų — *kwelai ?
2nd singular *kwilizi *kwelaiz *kwel *kwelazai *kwelaizau
3rd singular *kwilidi *kwelai *kweladau *kweladai *kwelaidau
1st dual *kwelōz *kwelaiw — — —
2nd dual *kweladiz *kwelaidiz *kweladiz — —
1st plural *kwelamaz *kwelaim — *kwelandai *kwelaindau
2nd plural *kwilid *kwelaid *kwilid *kwelandai *kwelaindau
3rd plural *kwelandi *kwelain *kwelandau *kwelandai *kwelaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kwal *kwēlį̄
2nd singular *kwalt *kwēlīz
3rd singular *kwal *kwēlī
1st dual *kwēlū *kwēlīw
2nd dual *kwēludiz *kwēlīdiz
1st plural *kwēlum *kwēlīm
2nd plural *kwēlud *kwēlīd
3rd plural *kwēlun *kwēlīn
present past
participles *kwelandz *kulanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

Further reading

  1. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kwelan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 316
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*kwelanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 227
  3. ^ Seebold, Elmar (1970) “KWEL-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 313
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