Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lausaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

An o-grade adjectival formation from *leusaną (“to lose”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈlɑu̯.sɑz/

Adjective

*lausaz

loose, free
empty, devoid
false, untrue
(in compounds) -less, lacking, devoid of

Inflection

Declension of *lausaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*lausaz	*lausō	*lausą, -atō	*lausai	*lausôz	*lausō
accusative	*lausanǭ	*lausǭ	*lausą, -atō	*lausanz	*lausōz	*lausō
genitive	*lausas, -is	*lausaizōz	*lausas, -is	*lausaizǫ̂	*lausaizǫ̂	*lausaizǫ̂
dative	*lausammai	*lausaizōi	*lausammai	*lausaimaz	*lausaimaz	*lausaimaz
instrumental	*lausanō	*lausaizō	*lausanō	*lausaimiz	*lausaimiz	*lausaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*lausô	*lausǭ	*lausô	*lausaniz	*lausōniz	*lausōnō
accusative	*lausanų	*lausōnų	*lausô	*lausanunz	*lausōnunz	*lausōnō
genitive	*lausiniz	*lausōniz	*lausiniz	*lausanǫ̂	*lausōnǫ̂	*lausanǫ̂
dative	*lausini	*lausōni	*lausini	*lausammaz	*lausōmaz	*lausammaz
instrumental	*lausinē	*lausōnē	*lausinē	*lausammiz	*lausōmiz	*lausammiz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *laus
- Old English: lēas
  - Middle English: leas, lees, les
- Old Frisian: *lās (in compounds)
  - North Frisian: lus, luas
  - Saterland Frisian: loos
  - West Frisian: loas
- Old Saxon: lōs
  - Middle Low German: lōs
    - Plautdietsch: looss
- Old Dutch: lōs
  - Middle Dutch: lôos
    - Dutch: loos
      - Afrikaans: los
- Old High German: lōs, -laos (once)
  - Middle High German: lōs
    - German: los
Old Norse: lauss
- Icelandic: laus
- Faroese: leysur
- Norn: los
- Norwegian Nynorsk: laus
  - → Norwegian Bokmål: laus
- Swedish: lös
- Danish: løs
  - Norwegian Bokmål: løs
- Gutnish: låss
- → Middle English: laus, lous, loos
  - English: loose
  - Scots: lous, lows, loose
Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃 (laus)
→ Proto-Finnic: *lausas (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*lausa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 329

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*lausa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 329