Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/librō

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 This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

Etymology

Disputed:

  • Sometimes considered an irregular corruption of the Proto-Indo-European word for “liver”, approximately *(H)yékʷ-r̥ (of which there are varying interpretations; see there for details). Compare especially Old Armenian լեարդ (leard, “liver”) and Old Prussian lagno, which similarly appear to have sporadic initial l, though in the latter case it may be a scribal error for *jagno. A parallel thematicization to *ikʷ-r-éh₂ would be seen in Proto-Balto-Slavic *ikrā́ˀ (“fish egg, roe; calf”).
    However, this is difficult on phonetic grounds, especially as the source of the presumed un-etymological *l- is not explained. An alternative reconstruction *l̥yékʷr̥ has been proposed but not met with wide acceptance. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
  • Likely from a different r/n-stem *léypr̥ or r-stem *léypōr (“sticky/fatty one ?”) which thematicized in pre-Germanic to *lip-r-éh₂ (and perhaps in Hellenic to *lipər-os, whence Ancient Greek λῐπᾰρός (lĭpărós, “fatty, greasy, oily, shiny”)), from the root *leyp- (“to smudge, stick; sticky or slippery substance”) (itself possibly an extension of earlier *(s)ley- (“to be slimy, be sticky, glide”)). Compare Sanskrit रिप्र (riprá, “dirt, impurity”), Proto-Germanic *lībą (“body; life”).
  • Despite attempts to connect Hittite 𒇷𒂊𒅆 (le-e-ši /⁠leš(š)i ~ liš(š)i⁠/, “liver”) for a different reconstruction entirely, these have been unconvincing.

Kroonen notes the unusual umlaut of Old Swedish lyr and Elfdalian lyr, which could be from an old locative *libureni.

Pronunciation

Noun

*librō f

  1. liver

Inflection

Declension of *librō (ō-stem)
singular plural
nominative *librō *librôz
vocative *librō *librôz
accusative *librǭ *librōz
genitive *librōz *librǫ̂
dative *librōi *librōmaz
instrumental *librō *librōmiz

Descendants

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*liƀ(a)rō”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 245
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*librō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 336
  3. ^ Tischler, Johann (1977–2016) Hethitisches etymologisches Glossar (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 20) (in German), volumes L–M, Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, pages 54–5
  4. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “leš(š)i-, lišši-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 525
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