Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/leyp-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Often supposed to be an extension of *ley-, *(s)ley- (“to slip, slide, glide; slimy”).

*leyp-^[1]

1. to stick
2. fat or sticky substance

• *léyp-os ~ *léyp-es-os^[1]
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ráypas
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ráypas
      • Sanskrit: रेपस् (répas, “dirty spot, stain”)
• *leyp-ó-m^[1]
  • >? Proto-Germanic: *lībą (see there for further descendants)
• *li-né-p-ti ~ *li-m-p-énti (nasal-infix present)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *limpáti
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *limpáti
      • Sanskrit: लिम्पति (limpáti, “to smear, pollute”) (see there for further descendants)
• *lip-yé-ti (yé-present)
  • >? Proto-Germanic: *libjaną (“to live, be alive”) (see there for further descendants)
• *loyp-éye-ti (causative)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *laip-
    • Eastern Baltic:
      • Lithuanian: lipìnti, láipioti
    • Proto-Slavic: *lěpiti (“to smear, stick”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *laibijaną (“leave behind”) (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bilaibijaną (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *laypáyati
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *laypáyati
      • Sanskrit: लेपयति (lepáyati, “to smear”)
• *loyp-éh₂^[1]
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • Eastern Baltic:
      • Lithuanian: làipa (“footbridge”)
    • Slavic:
      • Polish: lepa (“slush”)
  • Proto-Germanic: *laibō (“that which remains”) (see there for further descendants)
• *loyp-o-s^[1]
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • Proto-Slavic: *lě̑pъ (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *láypas
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *láypas
      • Sanskrit: लेप (lepa)
• *lip-o-s^[1]
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • Eastern Baltic:
      • Lithuanian: lipaĩ (“glue, adhesive”)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *lípos
    • Ancient Greek: λίπος (lípos, “fat”)
      • Greek: λίπος (lípos)
• *lip-nó-s^[1]
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • Eastern Baltic:
      • Lithuanian: lipnùs (“sticky, adhesive; sociable, likable, friendly”)
  • Proto-Italic: *lipnos
    • >? Latin: lippus (“dripping; festering; watery-eyed, drowsy”)
• *lip-ró-s^[1]
  • *lip-r-éh₂ f
    • >? Proto-Germanic: *librō (“liver”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *riprás
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *riprás
      • Sanskrit: रिप्र (riprá-, “dirt, impurity, stain; dirty, filthy, vile, bad”)
• *lip-tó-s^[1]
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • Eastern Baltic:
      • Lithuanian: lìptas (“footbridge”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *liptás
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *liptás
      • Sanskrit: लिप्त (liptá-, “smeared”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *riptás
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *riptás
      • Sanskrit: रिप्त (riptá-, “stuck, adhering, smeared”)
• *lip-ú-s^[1]
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *lipus
    • Eastern Baltic:
      • Lithuanian: lipùs (“sticky”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ripúš
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ripúṣ
      • Sanskrit: रिपु (ripú-, “fraudulent, deceitful, treacherous”)

• Unsorted formations:
  • Balto-Slavic:
    • Eastern Baltic:
      • Latvian: lipt, laipns
    • Proto-Slavic: *lьnǫti (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *lībaną (with unexpected voiced Verner alternant) (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bilībaną (see there for further descendants)
  • Germanic: (possibly) *ainalif (“eleven”, literally “one left”), *twalif (“twelve”, literally “two left”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: λίπα (lípa, “richly”)
    • Ancient Greek: λιπαίνω (lipaínō, “to oil, anoint, lubricate, enrich”), λιπάω (lipáō)
    • Ancient Greek: λιπαρός (liparós, “fatty, rich, oily, greasy, lubricated, shiny”)
  • Indo-Iranian:
    • Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: लेपन (lepana, “smearing; liniment, oil; fat, flesh, meat”)
      • Sanskrit: लेपिन् (lepin, “smearing”)
      • Sanskrit: लिपि (lipi, “smear(ing); painting, drawing, writing”)
      • Sanskrit: लिप्यते (lipyate, “to be stuck, attached, smeared (onto)”)
      • Sanskrit: रिप् (rip, “deceit, injury; deceiver, injurer, enemy”)
  • Tocharian:
    • Tocharian B: lip (“remain”)