Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/meltaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)meld- (“to beat, crush, grind”). Related to Sanskrit मर्दति (mardati, “to crush, grind”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈmel.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*meltaną^[1]^[2]

(intransitive) to dissolve, to melt

Inflection

Conjugation of *meltaną (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*meltō	*meltaų	—	*meltai	?
2nd singular	*miltizi	*meltaiz	*melt	*meltazai	*meltaizau
3rd singular	*miltidi	*meltai	*meltadau	*meltadai	*meltaidau
1st dual	*meltōz	*meltaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*meltadiz	*meltaidiz	*meltadiz	—	—
1st plural	*meltamaz	*meltaim	—	*meltandai	*meltaindau
2nd plural	*miltid	*meltaid	*miltid	*meltandai	*meltaindau
3rd plural	*meltandi	*meltain	*meltandau	*meltandai	*meltaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*malt	*multį̄
2nd singular	*malst	*multīz
3rd singular	*malt	*multī
1st dual	*multū	*multīw
2nd dual	*multudiz	*multīdiz
1st plural	*multum	*multīm
2nd plural	*multud	*multīd
3rd plural	*multun	*multīn

	present	past
participles	*meltandz	*multanaz

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *meltan
- Old English: meltan
  - Middle English: melten
    - Scots: melt
    - English: melt
Old Norse: melta
- Icelandic: melta
- Norwegian Nynorsk: melta
- ⇒ Old Norse: moltinn
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: molten; ⇒ molte f (“cloudberry”)
    - → Danish: multebær
  - Swedish: multen

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*meltan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 363
^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*meltanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 267

[Kroonen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*meltan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 363

[2] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*meltanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 267

[1]

[2]