Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/smeltaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)meld- (“to melt, smelt”). Compare Ancient Greek μέλδομαι (méldomai, “to melt”). ^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsmel.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*smeltaną

(intransitive) to melt

Inflection

Conjugation of *smeltaną (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*smeltō	*smeltaų	—	*smeltai	?
2nd singular	*smiltizi	*smeltaiz	*smelt	*smeltazai	*smeltaizau
3rd singular	*smiltidi	*smeltai	*smeltadau	*smeltadai	*smeltaidau
1st dual	*smeltōz	*smeltaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*smeltadiz	*smeltaidiz	*smeltadiz	—	—
1st plural	*smeltamaz	*smeltaim	—	*smeltandai	*smeltaindau
2nd plural	*smiltid	*smeltaid	*smiltid	*smeltandai	*smeltaindau
3rd plural	*smeltandi	*smeltain	*smeltandau	*smeltandai	*smeltaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*smalt	*smultį̄
2nd singular	*smalst	*smultīz
3rd singular	*smalt	*smultī
1st dual	*smultū	*smultīw
2nd dual	*smultudiz	*smultīdiz
1st plural	*smultum	*smultīm
2nd plural	*smultud	*smultīd
3rd plural	*smultun	*smultīn

	present	past
participles	*smeltandz	*smultanaz

Derived terms

*smultą (“(molten) fat, lard”)
*smaltijaną
*smeltaz

Related terms

*meltaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *smeltan
- Old English: *smeltan
  - ⇒ Old English: smelting
- Old Frisian: *smelta
  - Saterland Frisian: smilte
  - West Frisian: smelte
- Old Saxon: smeltan
  - Middle Low German: smelten
    - Low German: smölten
- Old Dutch: *smeltan
  - Middle Dutch: smelten
    - Dutch: smelten
      - Afrikaans: smelt
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: smelti
      - Negerhollands: smelt
    - → English: smelt
    - Limburgish: smöltje
- Old High German: smelzan
  - Middle High German: smelzen
    - German: schmelzen
    - Luxembourgish: schmëlzen
Old Norse: smelta; smolt; smeltr
- Icelandic: smelta
- Norwegian: smelta
  - Norwegian Bokmål: smelte
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: smelta
- Old Swedish: smælta
  - Swedish: smälta
- Old Danish: smæltæ
  - Danish: smelte
- Gutnish: smälta
- Dalian: smälta
  - Elfdalian: smelta

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[1]