Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/merkuz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From earlier *merkwuz, from Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)mer(H)gʷ- (“dark”), cognate to Proto-Slavic *mergъ (“brown”).[1] Orr summarizes arguments for borrowing from common Slavic into common Germanic.[2] (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Disagreement in the literature”) In any case, related to Proto-Slavic *morkъ (“darkness”).
Pronunciation
Adjective
*merkuz[3]
Inflection
Declension of *merkuz (u-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *merkuz | *mirkwijai | *mirkwī | *mirkwijôz | *merkų, -ijatō | *mirkwijō |
| Accusative | *mirkwijanǭ | *mirkwijanz | *mirkwijǭ | *mirkwijōz | *merkų, -ijatō | *mirkwijō |
| Genitive | *mirkwijas, -īs | *mirkwijaizǫ̂ | *mirkwijaizōz | *mirkwijaizǫ̂ | *mirkwijas, -īs | *mirkwijaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *mirkwijammai | *mirkwijaimaz | *mirkwijaizōi | *mirkwijaimaz | *mirkwijammai | *mirkwijaimaz |
| Instrumental | *mirkwijanō | *mirkwijaimiz | *mirkwijaizō | *mirkwijaimiz | *mirkwijanō | *mirkwijaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *mirkwijô | *mirkwijaniz | *mirkwijǭ | *mirkwijōniz | *mirkwijô | *mirkwijōnō |
| Accusative | *mirkwijanų | *mirkwijanunz | *mirkwijōnų | *mirkwijōnunz | *mirkwijô | *mirkwijōnō |
| Genitive | *mirkwīniz | *mirkwijanǫ̂ | *mirkwijōniz | *mirkwijōnǫ̂ | *mirkwīniz | *mirkwijanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *mirkwīni | *mirkwijammaz | *mirkwijōni | *mirkwijōmaz | *mirkwīni | *mirkwijammaz |
| Instrumental | *mirkwīnē | *mirkwijammiz | *mirkwijōnē | *mirkwijōmiz | *mirkwīnē | *mirkwijammiz |
Related terms
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *mirkwī
- Old Norse: myrkr
- →? Proto-Finnic: *mürkkü (“poison”) (see there for further descendants)
References
- ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*merkw-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ Orr, Robert A. (2003) “Murk: A Neglected Slavic Loanword in Germanic?”, in Canadian Slavonic Papers, volume 45, number 1/2, pages 47–60
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “merkwaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 268