Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/slaiwaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Uncertain. Expected to reflect either pre-Germanic *sloy(H)-wo-s or *slo/aH-i-wo-s. Kroonen prefers the former, tentatively comparing Sanskrit स्रीव्यति (srī́vyati, “to turn out badly, fail”) for Proto-Indo-European *sliH-u-.[1] For the latter, compare Ancient Greek λαιός (laiós, “left (side); awkward”), Latin laevus, Proto-Slavic *lěvъ (“left”) (originally meaning *“askew”?), but the semantic connection is weak. Kroonen rejects this along with any relation to Ancient Greek λίαρος (líaros, “mild”).
Pronunciation
Adjective
- blunt; dull
- exhausted; weary; faint; weak; sluggish
- listless; torpid
- dim-witted; slow
- slack; lazy
- Synonym: *slakaz
Inflection
Declension of *slaiwaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *slaiwaz | *slaiwai | *slaiwō | *slaiwôz | *slaiwą, -atō | *slaiwō |
| Accusative | *slaiwanǭ | *slaiwanz | *slaiwǭ | *slaiwōz | *slaiwą, -atō | *slaiwō |
| Genitive | *slaiwas, -is | *slaiwaizǫ̂ | *slaiwaizōz | *slaiwaizǫ̂ | *slaiwas, -is | *slaiwaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *slaiwammai | *slaiwaimaz | *slaiwaizōi | *slaiwaimaz | *slaiwammai | *slaiwaimaz |
| Instrumental | *slaiwanō | *slaiwaimiz | *slaiwaizō | *slaiwaimiz | *slaiwanō | *slaiwaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *slaiwô | *slaiwaniz | *slaiwǭ | *slaiwōniz | *slaiwô | *slaiwōnō |
| Accusative | *slaiwanų | *slaiwanunz | *slaiwōnų | *slaiwōnunz | *slaiwô | *slaiwōnō |
| Genitive | *slaiwiniz | *slaiwanǫ̂ | *slaiwōniz | *slaiwōnǫ̂ | *slaiwiniz | *slaiwanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *slaiwini | *slaiwammaz | *slaiwōni | *slaiwōmaz | *slaiwini | *slaiwammaz |
| Instrumental | *slaiwinē | *slaiwammiz | *slaiwōnē | *slaiwōmiz | *slaiwinē | *slaiwammiz |
Derived terms
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *slaiw
- Old Norse: sljór, sljár, slær
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*slaiwa-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 452
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*slaiwaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 349