Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stinkwaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *stengʷ- (“to push, thrust”), *stegʷ- (“to thrust, strike”). Related to Latin stinguō (“to extinguish”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈstiŋ.kʷɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*stinkwaną^[1]^[2]^[3]

to hit; thrust; clash
to emit a smell; stink

Inflection

Conjugation of *stinkwaną (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*stinkwō	*stinkwaų	—	*stinkwai	?
2nd singular	*stinkwizi	*stinkwaiz	*stinkw	*stinkwazai	*stinkwaizau
3rd singular	*stinkwidi	*stinkwai	*stinkwadau	*stinkwadai	*stinkwaidau
1st dual	*stinkwōz	*stinkwaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*stinkwadiz	*stinkwaidiz	*stinkwadiz	—	—
1st plural	*stinkwamaz	*stinkwaim	—	*stinkwandai	*stinkwaindau
2nd plural	*stinkwid	*stinkwaid	*stinkwid	*stinkwandai	*stinkwaindau
3rd plural	*stinkwandi	*stinkwain	*stinkwandau	*stinkwandai	*stinkwaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*stankw	*stunkį̄
2nd singular	*stanht	*stunkīz
3rd singular	*stankw	*stunkī
1st dual	*stunkū	*stunkīw
2nd dual	*stunkudiz	*stunkīdiz
1st plural	*stunkum	*stunkīm
2nd plural	*stunkud	*stunkīd
3rd plural	*stunkun	*stunkīn

	present	past
participles	*stinkwandz	*stunkanaz

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *stinkwan
- Old English: stincan
  - Middle English: stynken, stynkkyn, stenke, styngke, stynke, stinken
    - Scots: stink
    - English: stink
- Old Frisian: *stiunka
  - Saterland Frisian: stjunke
  - West Frisian: stjonke
- Old Saxon: stinkan
  - Middle Low German: stinken
    - Low German: stinken
    - → Danish: stinke
    - → Swedish: stinka
    - → Norwegian: stinke
- Old Dutch: stincan
  - Middle Dutch: stinken
    - Dutch: stinken
      - Afrikaans: stink
      - Negerhollands: stink
      - → Sranan Tongo: tingi
        → Saramaccan: tíngi
    - Limburgish: stinke
- Old High German: stinkan, stinchan
  - Middle High German: stinken
    - German: stinken
    - Yiddish: שטינקען (shtinken)
Old Norse: støkkva, stynka, *stinkva
- Icelandic: stökkva
- Faroese: støkka
- Norwegian: stokka
- Old Swedish: stiunka, stinkva
- Old Danish: stynkæ
Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌵𐌰𐌽 (stigqan)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*stinkwan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, - 481?view=theater pages 480 - 481
^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*stenkwanan I”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 375
^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*stenkwanan II”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 375

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*stinkwan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, - 481?view=theater pages 480 - 481

[2] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*stenkwanan I”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 375

[3] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*stenkwanan II”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 375

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