Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swarjaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to resound loudly, swear”).
Pronunciation
Verb
*swarjaną
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *swarjō | *swarjaų | — | *swarjai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *swarisi | *swarjais | *swari | *swarjasai | *swarjaisau | |
| 3rd singular | *swariþi | *swarjai | *swarjaþau | *swarjaþai | *swarjaiþau | |
| 1st dual | *swarjōs | *swarjaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *swarjaþiz | *swarjaiþiz | *swarjaþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *swarjamaz | *swarjaim | — | *swarjanþai | *swarjainþau | |
| 2nd plural | *swariþ | *swarjaiþ | *swariþ | *swarjanþai | *swarjainþau | |
| 3rd plural | *swarjanþi | *swarjain | *swarjanþau | *swarjanþai | *swarjainþau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *swōr | *swōrį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *swōrt | *swōrīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *swōr | *swōrī | ||||
| 1st dual | *swōrū | *swōrīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *swōrudiz | *swōrīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *swōrum | *swōrīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *swōrud | *swōrīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *swōrun | *swōrīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *swarjandz | *swuranaz | ||||
Derived terms
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *swarjan
- Old Norse: sverja
- Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽 (swaran)
References
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*swar(j)an-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 496