Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ubanē

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

From *ub +‎ *-anē.

• IPA^(key): /ˈu.βɑ.neː/

*ubanē

1. from above

• *ub
• *upp
• *uppai

Because of the irregular forms between some of the directional adverbs and preposition, *ub- and *upp-, some of the daughter languages show leveling. Gothic shows an otherwise unknown full-grade *eup- leveled throughout the adverbs.^[1]

• Proto-West Germanic: *obanā
  • Old English: ufan, ufane
    • Middle English: uven
  • Old Frisian: ova, with -pp- uppa, oppa (also uppe, oppe, but these might be from *uppai instead)
  • Old Saxon: ovan, ovana, with -pp- uppan
  • Old Dutch: uppan (with -pp-)
  • Old High German: obana, ūfana, *ovana
    • Middle High German: oben, obene, *oven
      • Alemannic German: obe
        • Swabian: oba
      • Bavarian: obn, om, oum, uom
      • German: oben
      • Luxembourgish: uewen
      • Central Franconian:
        • Hunsrik: owe
      • Rhine Franconian: owen, owe, uwe
        • Pennsylvania German: owwe
      • Vilamovian: uwa
      • Yiddish: אויבן (oybn)
• Old Norse: ofan
  • Icelandic: ofan
  • Faroese: oman
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: ovan
    • → Norwegian Bokmål: ova-
  • Old Swedish: ovan
    • Swedish: ovan
  • Danish: oven
    • Norwegian Bokmål: oven