Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wēraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

*wērijaz

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *weh₁ros (“true”), from *weh₁-. Cognate with Latin vērus (“true”), Irish fíor (“true”), Proto-Slavic *vě̀ra (“faith/belief”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwɛː.rɑz/

Adjective

*wēraz

true; reliable
friendly; kind

Inflection

Declension of *wēraz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*wēraz	*wērō	*wērą, -atō	*wērai	*wērôz	*wērō
accusative	*wēranǭ	*wērǭ	*wērą, -atō	*wēranz	*wērōz	*wērō
genitive	*wēras, -is	*wēraizōz	*wēras, -is	*wēraizǫ̂	*wēraizǫ̂	*wēraizǫ̂
dative	*wērammai	*wēraizōi	*wērammai	*wēraimaz	*wēraimaz	*wēraimaz
instrumental	*wēranō	*wēraizō	*wēranō	*wēraimiz	*wēraimiz	*wēraimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*wērô	*wērǭ	*wērô	*wēraniz	*wērōniz	*wērōnō
accusative	*wēranų	*wērōnų	*wērô	*wēranunz	*wērōnunz	*wērōnō
genitive	*wēriniz	*wērōniz	*wēriniz	*wēranǫ̂	*wērōnǫ̂	*wēranǫ̂
dative	*wērini	*wērōni	*wērini	*wērammaz	*wērōmaz	*wērammaz
instrumental	*wērinē	*wērōnē	*wērinē	*wērammiz	*wērōmiz	*wērammiz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *wār
- Old English: wǣr
  - English: weer
- Old Frisian: wēr
  - North Frisian: wer
  - Saterland Frisian: weer
  - West Frisian: wier
- Old Saxon: wār; *wāri
  - Middle Low German: wâr
    - Low German: wahr
- Old Dutch: wār
  - Middle Dutch: wâer, war
    - Dutch: waar
      - Afrikaans: waar
      - Javindo: waar
      - Jersey Dutch: wääir
      - Negerhollands: waar, wa
      - Petjo: waar
      - Skepi Creole Dutch: war
- Old High German: wār
  - Middle High German: wār
    - Cimbrian: baar
    - German: wahr
    - Hunsrik: woher
    - Luxembourgish: wouer
    - Yiddish: וואָר (vor)
Old Norse: værr Vár; alværð; alvara (possibly borrowed)
- Icelandic: alvara; vær
- Faroese: álvarsamur
- Swedish: allvar
- Norwegian: alvor
- Old Danish: allvar
  - Danish: alvor
Gothic: *𐍅𐌴𐍂𐍃 (*wērs) or *𐍅𐌴𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 (*wēreis), in derivates such as 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐍅𐌴𐍂𐌴𐌹 (allawērei)

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wēraz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 461

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wēraz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 461