Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wainagaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *wainōną (“to whine”) +‎ *-gaz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwɑi̯.nɑ.ɣɑz/

Adjective

*wainagaz

woeful, sad
pathetic, pitiable

Inflection

Declension of *wainagaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*wainagaz	*wainagō	*wainagą, -atō	*wainagai	*wainagôz	*wainagō
accusative	*wainaganǭ	*wainagǭ	*wainagą, -atō	*wainaganz	*wainagōz	*wainagō
genitive	*wainagas, -is	*wainagaizōz	*wainagas, -is	*wainagaizǫ̂	*wainagaizǫ̂	*wainagaizǫ̂
dative	*wainagammai	*wainagaizōi	*wainagammai	*wainagaimaz	*wainagaimaz	*wainagaimaz
instrumental	*wainaganō	*wainagaizō	*wainaganō	*wainagaimiz	*wainagaimiz	*wainagaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*wainagô	*wainagǭ	*wainagô	*wainaganiz	*wainagōniz	*wainagōnō
accusative	*wainaganų	*wainagōnų	*wainagô	*wainaganunz	*wainagōnunz	*wainagōnō
genitive	*wainaginiz	*wainagōniz	*wainaginiz	*wainaganǫ̂	*wainagōnǫ̂	*wainaganǫ̂
dative	*wainagini	*wainagōni	*wainagini	*wainagammaz	*wainagōmaz	*wainagammaz
instrumental	*wainaginē	*wainagōnē	*wainaginē	*wainagammiz	*wainagōmiz	*wainagammiz

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *wainag
- Old Saxon: *weinag, *wēnag
  - Middle Low German: wēnich, weinich
    - Low German: weinig
      - German Low German: wennig, wenig, weinig, wäinig, wänig
    - Plautdietsch: weinich
    - → West Frisian: weinich
- Old Dutch: weinig
  - Middle Dutch: weinich, wênich
    - Dutch: weinig
      - Afrikaans: weinig
      - Jersey Dutch: wääinix
      - Negerhollands: wenig, weinig
      - → Kwinti: weiniki
- Old High German: wēnag
  - Middle High German: weinic, wēnec
    - Alemannic German: wänng
      Swabian: weng
    - Central Franconian: winnig
    - German: wenig
    - Luxembourgish: wéineg
    - Yiddish: ווייניק (veynik)
Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍃 (wainahs)
→ Proto-Finnic: *vainaga (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*wainaga-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 567

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*wainaga-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 567