Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wirsizô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *wers- (“to rise; peak”). Probably related to Irish fearr (“better”), which has the opposite meaning. The original meaning could therefore be 'further outside, more extreme'. Maybe related to Lithuanian viršùs (“upper part, peak”), viršutìnis (“upper, outer”), and Sanskrit वर्षीयस् (várṣīyas, “higher”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwir.zi.zɔːː/

Adjective

*wirsizô (adverb *wirsiz)^[1]^[2]^[3]

comparative degree of *ubilaz

Inflection

Declension of *wirsizô (an/īn-stem)

Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*wirsizô	*wirsizaniz	*wirsizį̄	*wirsizīniz	*wirsizô	*wirsizōnō
Accusative	*wirsizanų	*wirsizanunz	*wirsizīnų	*wirsizīnunz	*wirsizô	*wirsizōnō
Genitive	*wirsiziniz	*wirsizanǫ̂	*wirsizīniz	*wirsizīnǫ̂	*wirsiziniz	*wirsizanǫ̂
Dative	*wirsizini	*wirsizammaz	*wirsizīni	*wirsizīmaz	*wirsizini	*wirsizammaz
Instrumental	*wirsizinē	*wirsizammiz	*wirsizīnē	*wirsizīmiz	*wirsizinē	*wirsizammiz

Alternative reconstructions

*wirzizô^[3]^[2]

Derived terms

Proto-West Germanic: *wirsiʀō
- Old English: wiersa, wyrsa
  - Middle English: worse, wars, warse, weers, weorse, werce, wers, werse, wershe, wersse, wirse, wors, worsse, wærse, werrse, wrse, wurse (Early Middle English)
    - English: worse
      - → Cantonese: worse (Hong Kong)
    - Scots: warse
- Old Frisian: wirra, werra
- Old Saxon: wirsiro
- Old Dutch: *wirs
  - Middle Dutch: wers
    - Dutch: wers
- Old High German: wirsiro
  - German: wirser
Old Norse: verri
- Icelandic: verri
- Faroese: verri
- Norwegian: verre
- Old Swedish: værre
  - Swedish: värre, (dialectal) vaire, varr
- Danish: værre
- → Middle English: werre, war, ware, warr, warre, wer, were, werr, worre
  - English: war, waur, wor (dialectal)
  - Middle Scots: wer
    - Scots: waur
Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌶𐌰 (wairsiza)

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 85: “PGmc *wirsizō̄”
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wersiz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 457
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Heidermanns, Frank (1993) “werzizan- (> wersizan-)”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen Primäradjektive (Studia linguistica Germanica; 33) (in German), Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, pages 675-676

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 85: “PGmc *wirsizō̄”

[HGE-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wersiz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 457

[EWGP-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Heidermanns, Frank (1993) “werzizan- (> wersizan-)”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen Primäradjektive (Studia linguistica Germanica; 33) (in German), Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, pages 675-676

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