Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wers-

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

    *wers-

    2. to wipe
    3. to drag (on the ground), sweep ~ thresh

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wers- (wipe) (10 c, 0 e)
    • *wers-é-ti (simple thematic present)
      • Proto-Germanic: *werzaną (perhaps “to thresh” > “to mix up”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *wr̥s-é-ti ~ *wr̥s-ó-nti (tudati-type thematic present)
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
        • Proto-Slavic: *vьrťi (“to thresh”) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Italic: *wors-e/o-
        • Latin: vorrō, verrō (“to sweep clean”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *wr̥s-tís
      • Proto-Germanic: *wurstiz
        • >? Proto-West Germanic: *wursti (“sausage”) (or from *wert- (“to turn”)) (see there for further descendants)
    • Unsorted formations:
      • Proto-Albanian: *varsa
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
        • Latvian: vârsms (“heap of corn, grain”)
      • Proto-Germanic:
        • Old Norse: vǫrr (“stroke, pull of an oar”)
      • >? Proto-Hellenic:
        • Ancient Greek: ἐρύω (erúō, “to drag, pull”)
      • >? Proto-Hellenic:
        • Ancient Greek: ἔρρω (érrhō, “to go slowly, limp”)

    Root

      *wers-

      2. to rise; to raise, lift
      3. to protrude; to be high (?)
      4. peak, height, top
      5. ? excrescence of the skin

      Derived terms

      Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wers- (rise) (14 c, 0 e)
      • *wérs-t ~ *wr̥s-ént (root aorist)
        • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
      • *wr̥s-yé-ti ~ *wr̥s-yó-nti (thematic present with suffix -yé/ó-)
      • *wérs-mn̥
      • *wers-ó-s
        • Proto-Celtic: *wersos (“high(er)”)
          • Old Irish: ferr (“better”) (see there for further descendants)
      • *we/ors-u-
        • Proto-Italic:
          • Latin: verrūca (“wart; hillock”) (see there for further descendants)
      • *wors-ó-s
        • >? Proto-Germanic: *warzaz (“callus”) (see there for further descendants)
      • *wérs-to
        • Proto-Anatolian:
          • Hittite: (/⁠warštta(ri)⁠/)
      • *wr̥s-éh₂
        • Proto-Celtic: *warsā (see there for further descendants)
      • *wr̥s-u-
        • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wíršus (see there for further descendants)

      Descendants

      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *warš- (see there for further descendants)

      See also

      References

      1. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *u̯ers-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 690-691
      2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ve/orrō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 666
      3. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2. *u̯ers-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 691
      4. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “verrūca”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 666
      5. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*warza-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 575
      6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “u̯arš-tta(ri), u̯aršii̯e/a-zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 969–971
      7. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “u̯aršii̯att-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 969–971
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