Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wrangaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

An adjectival formation from *wringaną (“to wring, twist”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwrɑŋ.ɡɑz/

Adjective

*wrangaz

twisted, warped, bent, crooked, wry
wretched, wicked, unjust

Inflection

Declension of *wrangaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*wrangaz	*wrangō	*wrangą, -atō	*wrangai	*wrangôz	*wrangō
accusative	*wranganǭ	*wrangǭ	*wrangą, -atō	*wranganz	*wrangōz	*wrangō
genitive	*wrangas, -is	*wrangaizōz	*wrangas, -is	*wrangaizǫ̂	*wrangaizǫ̂	*wrangaizǫ̂
dative	*wrangammai	*wrangaizōi	*wrangammai	*wrangaimaz	*wrangaimaz	*wrangaimaz
instrumental	*wranganō	*wrangaizō	*wranganō	*wrangaimiz	*wrangaimiz	*wrangaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*wrangô	*wrangǭ	*wrangô	*wranganiz	*wrangōniz	*wrangōnō
accusative	*wranganų	*wrangōnų	*wrangô	*wranganunz	*wrangōnunz	*wrangōnō
genitive	*wranginiz	*wrangōniz	*wranginiz	*wranganǫ̂	*wrangōnǫ̂	*wranganǫ̂
dative	*wrangini	*wrangōni	*wrangini	*wrangammaz	*wrangōmaz	*wrangammaz
instrumental	*wranginē	*wrangōnē	*wranginē	*wrangammiz	*wrangōmiz	*wrangammiz

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *wrang
- Old Frisian: *wrang
  - West Frisian: wrang
- Old Saxon: *wrang, *wrank
  - Middle Low German: wrank, wrange
- Old Dutch: *wrang, *wrank
  - Middle Dutch: wranc
    - Dutch: wrang
      - Afrikaans: vrank, wrang
Proto-Norse: *ᚹᚱᚨᛜᚨᛉ (*wraŋaʀ)
- Old Norse: vrangr, rangr
  - Norwegian: vrang; (dialectal) vrang’e, vrång’e
  - Elfdalian: rwaungg
  - Old Danish: wrangær
    - Danish: vrang
      - Norwegian Bokmål: vrang
  - Old Swedish: wranger
    - Swedish: vrång
  - Scanian: vránger
  - → Old English: wrang (see there for further descendants)
  - Later Old West Norse: rangr
    - Icelandic: rangur
    - Faroese: rangur
    - Norn: rang
    - Norwegian: rang; (dialectal) rang’u, rång’e
    - Jamtish: ráng

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*wranga-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 594

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*wranga-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 594